Bumbiro German. State maumbirwo pashure pehondo Germany

Pashure pakuguma kuranyutsa the World Second dzokumadokero chikamu Germany, riri omubatanidzwa basa rokufambira (the UK, US uye France), vakatanga kumuka kubva ungwandangwanda. Izvi ndozvakaitika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika kuti wakaziva kurwadza Nazism. Constitution German, vakagamuchirwa muna 1949 gore, mvumo mumwe zvokuvhoterwa yeparamende, iyo yakavakirwa nenhungamiro dzokunamata takasununguka, kodzero dzevanhu uye federalism.

Kufarira kukuru ichokwadi kuti pakutanga gwaro rakagamuchirwa sechinhu zvokungoitawo inokosha mutemo Transitional nguva, magetsi kupedza enyika kubatana wemigove maviri ehurumende. Sezvakataurwa chakataurwa muna Okutanga. Asi zvino German 1949 bumbiro kwave kuchizivikanwa sendarama akabudirira munhau German. Mushure reunification yokuGermany kuti sehofisi mugumisiro gwaro racho dzadzimwa kubva Okutanga. Saka post-hondo remitemo chaizvoizvo vachiri nhasi.

Frg Constitution of nenheyo dzayo kuvakwa uye kwemitemo, mairi akataura, yava zvikuru mberi gwaro aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira kukura nevanhu nzanga iri yoku- akasununguka Germany. Pasina kwake namapfumbamwe nyaya yokutanga hunonyatsodonongodza kodzero vagari richangobva wakasika hurumende uye kuzvipira zvakajeka hweruzhinji.

Urongwa uhwu bumbiro reGermany sezvo ayambuka kubva nhoroondo German vanhu rima Nazi kare. Kupa vagari mikana yakakwana kuti kuzadziswa kodzero dzavo, chinokosha mutemo panguva unorambidza chero zviito kuti ndivo zvinogona kukanganisa kuDemocratic maitiro uye nheyo wenzanga yakabudirira European. Muna 1951, kuti Constitutional Court wakatangwa muna Germany. Uyu mumwezve danho chinokosha pamusoro akaoma nzira kuvaka hweruzhinji muvanhu munyika, kusvikira ichangopfuura kuona yokubudirira uye kukundikana National Socialism.

Very kuratidzwa ndechokuti, pasi bumbiro idzva, wose ndima West Germany yakarambidzwa kwete chete mabasa akasiyana-siyana vemapato-bapiro chiNazi Nazi, asiwo vaKomonisiti. The yokupedzisira inogona anoonekwa somunhu yorudzii kugutsurira kune rinokunda omubatanidzwa masimba. Uyewo German Constitution pakati 1949 hwakagara zvimwe hukuru Misimboti hweruzhinji: chikuru basa kwemitemo, mumagariro nezvatinovavarira masangano ehurumende simba uye yeUnited nemamiriro nyika.

Muchiitiko chino, kuti chero yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita, kuchinja uye kuwedzera mutemo anokosha hazvo zvinoda mvumo uye kufarirwa nevanhu dzinenge-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu nhengo Bundestag uye Bundesrat. Zvisinei, vamwe zvikuru zvokudya reMitemo vaisagona kuva pasi kuchinja, kunyange panyaya iyi. Pakanga pachena sei zvidzidzo vaNazi vakauya simba uye zvibereko basa ravo.

Musimboti federalism, inova vanotongwa ehurumende nyika kare chetsika kuti Germany. Ichi chimiro kuvakwa ehurumende vakapfuura nzira yakaoma kubva centralized federalism kusvika ano muenzaniso pamwe federalism umo nyika nechimwe chiri ubatanidzwe yakaenzana mune upenyu enyika wenyika, pamwe yayo hurumende, bumbiro nezvimwe unhu statehood. zano akadaro akatendeukira riziviswe uye pashure pehondo remitemo, sezvo vazhinji akakodzera enhoroondo tsika German vanhu. Zvino Germany uye Anozvirumbidza zvikuru chakaitika Europe nokuda basa mutemo.