Misimboti federalism muRussia

The chehurumende, akadai hweruzhinji, riri saka anoda Russian Federation hazvibviri pasina kuremekedza kodzero dzevanhu nemhando dzerusununguko, pasina kuparadzana masimba, pasina rusununguko rwokutaura uye dzimwe Misimboti kwemitemo zhinji.

Chokutanga tinofanira kunzwisisa, chii federalism uye chii ayo chikuru uye budgetary nenheyo. Federalism - imwe Integrated ezvinhu mukati vasina kuroora, akavakamura munzvimbo dziri zvisina kukwana kuramba rusununguko yavo zveupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, magariro, tsika uye dzimwe nharaunda munzanga. Nemamwe mashoko, nyaya nomumwe ehurumende pamwe ane yeUnited maitiro anekodzero kurishandura mutemo yemunyika, uyewo bhajeti yavaive.

Kukura federalism mu Russia ine refu uye nematambudziko chokufambisa. Pakatanga reMitemo, nevamwe akakurumbira kuvhota 1993, Russia akagamuchira mamiriro Federation. Article 5, ndima 3 reMitemo chinyatsotsanangurwa mirayiridzo inokosha federalism. Saka, mirayiridzo inokosha federalism iri pakuti:

• Chokutanga, pasi mumwe nomumwe Federation (Region, zvionera Region, kumatunhu, zvionera kumatunhu, guta yeUnited kukosha) ine mutemo yayo uye zvakatemwa. Republic vane Constitution uye mitemo yenyika.
• Chechipiri, pane weboka kugona pakati miviri miganhu vamapoka Federation uye vehurumende.
• Chechitatu, pasinei kukura nharaunda, vose vanotongwa Russian Federation vakaenzana, vakaenzana kodzero mukuru zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, uye munzanga.
• Wechina, Constitution enshrines musimboti federalism, iyo inotaura kuti vanhu vose vanogara pamusoro munharaunda Russian Federation vakaenzana uye vane kodzero yokuzvitonga (kureva, kodzero kunan'anura zvavo political chinzvimbo mukati hurumende, tsika, mwero evanhu okukura ari muvanhu, kuchinja miganhu chimiro and said.).
• Chechishanu, pasinei mutaro nzvimbo pakati kugona pakati pehurumende nezviremera uye zvitunha nyaya iri mundima State pane chete, Integrated nyika hurumende.

Chokwadi, nheyo federalism enshrined mu Article 5 reMitemo, zvakakodzera kuti democratic nehurumende. Asi kana isu kuongorora ano Russian chokwadi wayo multi-dzemadzinza vanhu uye nharaunda huru, misimboti federalism chinotanga akawandisa matambudziko zvinoda pakarepo mhinduro (ichi akaenzana dzinopiwa kumatunhu yeRussia kutsigira upfumi, uye kukanganisa kodzero dzevanhu vemunyika pamusoro dzemadzinza chikonzero, uye vamwe.).

The Constitution of Russian Federation vari kunyoreswa uye mirayiridzo inokosha fiscal federalism (Article 73). Nezvinodzidziswa fiscal federalism zvinoreva kuti mumwe miganhu chairema Federation ane kuzvionera mu kuronga mari. Asi fiscal basa vanotongwa Russian Federation haafaniri diverge mu misimboti kusaroora bhajeti gwara, zvinangwa, zvinangwa uye mapoka kukura hwenyika rose mubatanidzwa, iro Implementation izvo vauye kubva batana bhajeti.

Inokosha pamusoro fiscal federalism muRussia ndechokuti yose hurumende pane yunifomu mutero uye bhajeti gadziriro. Kubatana uye kuvimbika bhajeti kwava kuti, chokutanga, Federation ane chete mari hurongwa uye, chepiri kuti zvaipomerwa chokuita Russian bhajeti, zvakafanana zvirango zvinoshanda. Nheyo fiscal federalism wechipiri yakazvimirira nyaya zvemari, mune mamwe mashoko, miganhu dzakabatana vane kodzero yokushandisa mukati kugona ari budgetary muitiro, nomutemo yakachengeteka mutero zveminda, uye kutanga zvirongwa aibuda uye mari. The musimboti wechitatu - wakaenzana budgetary kodzero.