Rudyard Kipling: Biography uye mabasa

Chaizvoizvo matarenda munhu anofanira kuva chipo zvose. Kusimbiswa mashoko aya - Dzhozef Redyard Kipling. The Biography munhu uyu, chaizvoizvo, chokwadi kwekugamuchira Nobel Prize mu-mana navaviri zera - uchapupu ichi. Munyori, mudetembi uye munyori aida vanhu uye hunhu, aifarira zvose, yakawanda yokuverenga. Aiva akashinga, kwagara akajeka evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika chinzvimbo. Aidavira kuti pane "dzakanaka kutya" kuti zvinofanira kugoveranwa navanhu vose - nokuti njodzi mumwe munhu. Somunhu Briton pamusoro dzidzo, nguva dzose akafunga India, vaiziva mutauro, musha wake wechipiri.

Chii mabasa akaita yakakurumbira nokuda Rudyard Kipling?

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, vokuBritain nhetembo - mumwe vakapfuma tarenda munyika, Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, Uilyam Shekspir, Metyu Arnold, Charlotte Brontë. Naizvozvo, anoratidza siyana British ruzhinji kuedza yakakurumbira BBC redhiyo kuti zita kufarira nhetembo dzavo. Championship (uye zvokutora kumucheto!) Zvaiva Kipling kuti "mirayiro." Zvisinei, dzinenge inozivikanwa vachiri somunhu munyori. Kipling okugadzira zvinhu zviri chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Zvezvisarudzo inoshamisa mabasa ake - ". The Jungle Book" mashoko yokufungidzira "Kim" uye dzakaunganidzwa nyaya pfupi,

Wakajeka achikurukurirana munyori uyu. Zvechokwadi, "The Jungle Book" vanogona kunyatsonzi kunzi prose nhetembo. Akanyora saka Classics edu Turgenev uye Gogol, asi chokwadi, kuti Russia. WaMosesi 15 pfupi nyaya, "The Jungle Book" ine nyaya Mowgli, iyo chinobatanidza 8 pavo, uye dzimwe nyaya rusununguko kwevanhu unhu mhuka Indian, pamusoro akashinga mongoose Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, katsi anofamba oga-for-woga. Kipling nyaya mukomana Mowgli, Akaunza remidzanga mapere, ake nebope utsinye ingwe Sherhanu kakawanda kuoneka mune cartoons uye yaizivikanwa vose vana.

emunyori uduku

Nhoroondo India wakakurumbira Kipling. Biography ake anotanga muBombay, kwaakanga akaberekwa muna 1936. MuIndia, akapedza ake muduku. The nyika aiziva uye aida. Akasimba, dzakajeka kupfuura muduku pazvidhindo mwanakomana Rector of Bombay chikoro ounyanzvi chokuita rengano Indian nanny-mhuka (mukomana ainyatsoziva uye vanokwanisa kutaura Hindi).

Ndava nemakore matanhatu, akanga atumwa kuEngland ari private chebhodhin'i - zvinoratidza Biography pamusoro Kipling. Nokuti vana vari kushandiswa kusunungura yaitonga upenyu hwaiva nyore ajairire vanochera kuti hotera. Akanga asiri kufarira nokuda hositesi mudyandigere. Memories kusaruramisira uye utsinye izvo munyori akaita nawo hwake, akazotaura kwakamboitwa pfupi nyaya "The Black Makwai".

youth

Baba Pakutanga vaidavira kuti akanga mukuru anofanira kuva vaduku Kipling. Biography inoratidza kuti vakomana gumi akanga akabvuma kuti Devon School (chaizvoizvo - the analogue pamusoro Suvorov wedu), ndiro springboard yemberi navatariri, achida kupinda akakurumbira uto chikoro. Boyish "ichiyangarara", mavanga uye "Mini-hondo" pamwe vanodheerera, vomukirasi - ichi zvose zvinofanira kuitika chikwata varume asati kuwana kuziva "ake". Joseph aida chikoro uye basa. Ichi nguva hwake anoudza storybook "Stalky & ^Co." Ikoko akaratidzawo munyori tarenda. Panguva iyoyowo, kusanyatsoona zvakanaka haana kurega tariro rechiuto basa. Baba vakayeuka jaya-makore 17 kuIndia, uko akawana chinzvimbo "Civil uye zvechiuto pepanhau" nokuti iye.

Kutanga emunyori basa

Kureva journalistic nzira kuchibva Nyaya Rudyard Kipling. bhuku rake "The departmental manotsi," riri kubudirira. Pokuda munyori achinyatsogona mutauro Hindustani ndiye pedyo Indian muverengi, zvinonzwisiswa uye vanodiwa. munyori,-gore 34-kare kare anozivikanwa muBritain, anosvika muLondon kuti "kuita zita". Pano, ari pamwe chete American Wolcott Balestier, muparidzi pamusoro nyaya "Naulahka" inoshanda Kipling. Biography, pfupi Muronga hwake ndiyo inonakidza iyi. Akawana shamwari chaiyo uye kudanana nehanzvadzi yake. Zvisinei, isiri nguva refu vakaita vachishanda pamwe chete. Pashure vake nemumwe afa kubva typhus akaroora hanzvadzi yake Caroline. Akanyora akakurumbira nhetembo yake "Gunga Din» ( "Gunga Din") uye "Mandalay".

Vermont nguva okugadzira zvinhu

Vaviri vechiduku vakatamira Vermont, apo inobudiswa mavhoriyamu maviri "The Jungle Book" uye dzakaunganidzwa nhetembo "Seas Zvinomwe". Pano vabereki vanofara avanasikana vaviri akazviratidza, ipapo - mwanakomana. Zvinoita yakanakisisa yokufungidzira kubva Kipling - "Kim" ane mukomana Indian, ragamuffin, cognized uchenjeri muBuddha uye kuva musori British. Pashure vakapopotedzana wake hama makumi matatu munyori uye mhuri yake vakatamira New York. Pano, iye mwanasikana vachirwara nemabayo, pashure izvo musikana anofa.

Kutamira kune UK

Kwemwedzi inoverengeka akazoshanda South African pepanhau, zvino kutenga imba toga muEngland, iri County pamusoro neSussex. Ari kuitika muupenyu enyika nokutsigira vaiomerera. Naye anouya kupupura: Nobel Prize, honorary madhigirii kubva British uye European kumayunivhesiti. Asi zvakare kufirwa anotarisira munyori. Panguva pamberi World War First akauraya mwanakomana wake. Munyori uye wake kupedzera nguva yavo yose kuti vabatsire vanhu vari Red Cross. Akapotsa haana kunyora, shungu kwazvo. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza izvozvo anowana shamwari Kipling, uyo aikwanisa "kuizunungusa" uye kumutsa kuupenyu. Vakava ... Chirungu Korol Georg V. The (Uyu aiva neushamwari kusvikira parufu rwake Kipling.) Biography kumunyori anoratidza sei zvakapfuudzira kuyeuka mwanakomana wake, yakanyorwa pyatidesyativosmiletnem zera nyaya "The Irish Guards Kukuru hondo ". Zvakandiomera aiva noupenyu munyori ichi, yokubudirira okusika, zvinosuwisa, kazhinji pamwe nokurasikirwa vadiwa. Achirwadzisa gastritis yake yakura kuva peptic urikanwi. Akafa kubva munyika ropa uye akavigwa Westminster Abbey.

mhedziso

Chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda okugadzira zvinhu pamusoro Kipling. Tinoziva, nemhaka nyaya vana rakajeka uye mashiripiti kuti "The Jungle Book." Zvisinei, pane basa rake, uye rimwe divi. Genri Dzheyms akaiti "Chirungu Balzac." The nganonyorwa "Kim" anonzi yakanakisisa basa pamusoro India mu Chirungu. Kipling zvairemekedzwa uye kuremekedzwa nevanhu vakuru, kunyanya kuoneka panguva World I. Classic Our Konstantin Simonov yakati "murume werudzii" Kipling, ake "musoja kuti nokusatsaudzira", "rume".

Zvechokwadi, kana vanhurume havafaniri murume aigona kutaura kuti munhu arege 'kurega' uye "kupinda munzvimbo mweya 'yokubudirira nokukundikana, kuti anofanira nguva dzose kuvabata" vakanyarara ".