"Candide" by Voltaire: chigadzirwa pachisara chikuru pfungwa uye pfungwa. "Candide": pfupiso

"Candide" by Voltaire - kwouzivi satirical yokufungidzira, yakasimbiswa nepakati nemasere remakore, asi vamwe nguva wairambidza nemhaka vakawanda majee mifananidzo. Basa iri mubvunzo yekutarisira uye kusava netariro, uipi hwevanhu uye kutenda zvakanakisisa dzevanhu unhu.

kunyora nyaya

Voltaire - munyori French Kujekerwa. Akasika munhu nhamba mabasa ouzivi ounyanzvi, kwete pasina unopinza kumupomera satire. Voltaire haana kufanana chaizvo simba yekereke, iyo iye kakawanda ataura. Akanga kuchitsigira murwi kuzorwa idealism uye chitendero, uye aivimba muna ake akadhindwa ouzivi kungobva nokubudirira mune zvesayenzi.

Kana zvakadai zvisiri pachena se "mufaro" Saka, kuti parimire maererano nyaya iyi yakaoma, Voltaire akanyora chiitiko nyaya tariro Candide, uyo, kunyange vose nokurohwa wematambudziko, havana kurashikirwa nokutenda kunaka, nokutendeseka uye kuvimbika. Hwaro basa iri vakaenda chiitiko chaicho - kudengenyeka kwenyika muna Lisbon. Raiva zvinotyisa dzinongoitika chinoshamisa musimboti imwe enganonyorwa yakakurumbira izvo akanyora Voltaire.

"Candide" - mumwe chigadzirwa iro munyori kakawanda akaramba, nharo kuti zvichipomerwa isiri kunyora kwake. Kunyange zvakadaro, mune chipo itsva hunhu Voltaire kuti satire. "Candide" ndiyo imwe yakanakisisa mabasa mudzidzisi French. Chii akaudzawo vaverengi ari nyaya iyi kuburikidza Voltaire? "Candide", iro Kuongororwa izvo zvichakurukurwa pazasi - inyaya ingaita pakutanga kuaona hapana kupfuura kunonakidza uye kunakidza. Chete pamusoro kunyatsoongorora unogona kuwana zvakadzama pfungwa kwouzivi iyo akatsvaka kuudza vakararama panguva yavo Voltaire.

"Candide": pfupiso

The protagonist nyaya iyi - yakachena uye unspoiled vechidiki. Ake maonero netariro muupenyu iye chikwereti kune mudzidzisi, uyo kubva pauduku abvume pamusoro pekusadziviririka mufaro. Pangloss, kureva vanonzi spiritualized muzivi ichi, aiva nechokwadi chokuti anogara zvakanakisa inobvira nyika. Hapana chikonzero yokuchema.

Asi kamwe Candida adzingwa chizvarwa zvechizarira. Chikonzero chaiva yakanaka Cunegonde, mwanasikana Baron, kuti izvo akanga asina nzira hanya. Zvino gamba rakatanga kudzungaira munyika, kurota chinhu chimwe chete - kuzoonanazve mudiwa uye kuziva kwake mufaro chaiwo. Chokwadi chokuti kuchiripo, Candide haana kwekanguva akapokana, pasinei ose okutambudzika uye nematambudziko.

Adventure gamba akapa upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova imwe mhando ne Voltaire. Candide, Cunegonde kuponesa, uye ipapo kuuraya munhu. Akazvizivisa zvikuru sezvingatarisirwa. Sokunge umhondi ndiyo chaiwo basa kuti tariro. Asi munhu Candida magic vakauya upenyu.

Candide akadzidza zvakawanda. Aiziva mameseji. Akakwanisa kuti Zvisinei zvakare Cunegonde,, chete paakafirwa nomurume zvose vaimbova chikumbiro. Candide akawana musha mumwe uye neshamwari. Asi chii chinonzi mufaro, akanga achiri kuzivikanwa. Kusvikira zvino, kusvikira rimwe zuva chokwadi haana kuziva risingazivikanwi somuzivi. "Mufaro - zviri daily basa" - ane vaifamba muzivi akati. Candido akanga asina sarudzo, asi kutenda uye otanga kuva bindu rake zvishoma.

sezvamunoita

Sezvazvakatemwa akati, kunyora nyaya iyi mushure yakakurumbira Lisbon kudengenyeka akafuridzirwa Voltaire. "Candide" - chigadzirwa, sezvamakaropafadzwa chiitiko ndipo pokutangira. In sezvamunoita zviri nechepakati. Zviri nemufananidzo kwenyika zviitiko munyaya runosvika pakakwirira.

Mushure kudzingwa wenhare uye kuti njodzi Candide chinangwa achitsauka nyika. Kudengenyeka zvaanopa simba masimba ake. Candide Voltaire anova anokudzwa gamba, vakagadzirira chinhu kuitira kuti anunure mudzimai mwoyo. A Cunegonde Zvichakadai, tinazvo Watermark zvechikadzi runako, zviri varume ari kure yakanakisisa vavariro. Bulgarian muJudha Anoba yake uye zvinoita murongo wake. The Grand Inquisitor havarambi pamusoro pakachengeteka ichimirira. Asi pakarepo uripo Candide uye anoparadza rokutanga uye rechipiri. Zvadaro, gamba uye chinozadzwa kubvisa mukoma wake waaida. Vachivhaira Baron zvichipomerwa hariguti kwakabva akasunungura mukuru Kunigunda.

Candide Voltaire anoyeuchidza knight pamusoro Cervantes kwamachinda, kuchena pfungwa. Asi pfungwa ouzivi basa iri munyori French isinei pamwe nzvimbo huru Spaniard.

El Dorado

Political kumashure uye haasi asina bhuku "Candide." Voltaire akatuma mufambi wake achidzungaira pose. Anova chapupu inokosha munhau. Candide kushanyira maguta European, South America uye kuMiddle East. Iye rinotarisira vemauto akavhiyiwa pamusoro Spanish vaJesuit, utsinye tsika vakararama Voltaire vake. Uye zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kuona kuti mudzidzisi akamupa tariro haisi chete yakamira chidzidzo. All ake zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe pamusoro runako ino havasi kukodzera sendi ...

Asi haana kunyima gamba rake rokupedzisira tariro Voltaire. Candide ose zvino uye kunzwa nyaya rakaisvonaka nharaunda, umo vanhu havazivi nokusuruvara vane zvose kuti vanoda, kwete kutsamwa, kwete godo, uye kunyange zvakawanda saka regai kumuuraya.

Candide kubudikidza Voltaire, nenzira, ane zita rokufananidzira. Zvinoreva "nyore dzakanaka". Candide rikawira ngano mamiriro umo vagari vose vanofara. Havazivi kubvunza Wemasimbaose noupfumi. Ivo chete kumuonga chaanacho kare. Izvi pamuuyo nakisisa Voltaire yake yokufungidzira kwouzivi anosiyanisa nyika chaiyo. Vanhu anosangana Candide yose rondedzero, zvisinei kwavo munzanga, havazivi zviri mufaro. Hazvisi nyore kuti vanhu vanhuwo kurarama, uye vakakwirira.

Rakabatwa ngano nyika, Candide akasarudza kudzokera kujeka nyika yake. Pashure pezvose, anofanira kamwe aponese Cunegonde zvakare.

kusava netariro

Candide netariro kwakanga kusingaenderani netariro rweshamwari yake. Martin anotenda chete mune vanhu vari yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka mutevedzeri, uye hapana angachinja navo nani. On a kwouzivi pfungwa inobva chigadzirwa kuti akanyora Voltaire? "Candide", zviri iyo zvambotaurwa zvishomanana chete, anogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti nyika ino iri chaizvo kushata. Kutenda zvakanaka kunogona chete kuparadza munhu. Candide, ari nemwoyo munhu, kuvimbwa naye makororo uye mbavha, zvokuti nzvimbo dzaro roga zuva anova chikashanduka. kubiridzira ake mushambadzi. Noble mabasa hakuna kukosheswa munharaunda, uye Candide kujeri.

Venice

Chii akaedza kutaura ari yokufungidzira kwouzivi kubudikidza Voltaire? "Candide", pfupiso uko munyaya iyi, inyaya zvingaitika evanhu vemazuva ano. Voltaire kwakaita gamba anoenda Venice tariro yokuwana Mudiwa ake. Asi yakazvimirira nyika, anova chapupu utsinye yevanhu. Pano asangana musikana kubva yemauto uko akapedza ake muduku. Mukadzi kudiwa kuenda yokunyanyisa danho: iye anoita mupenyu nokufeva.

sununguka Venetian

Candide yakabatsira mukadzi. Asi mari akapa kwaari, haana mufaro. Hero achiri anonyatsosiyanisa tariro kuwana mufaro, kana dzinenge kusangana nemunhu vaimuziva. Uye nekuti dambudziko kunomuita kuti Venetian aristocrat, uyo runyerekupe kuti nguva dzose wakafara mwoyo uye haazivi kusuwa. Asi pano anovandira kuti Candida mwoyo. Venetian anoramba runako uye anowana mufaro bedzi kusagutsikana nevamwe.

Life papurazi

Zvinonzi Candide iri zvishoma nezvishoma disenchanted rusina tariro uzivi, asi asingadi kuva hauna. mbiri rinopikisa pfungwa maonero akurukurwa munyaya. Imwe ndowenyika mudzidzisi Pangloss. Other - Martin.

Candido akakwanisa kudzikinura muuranda Cunegonde, uye mari vasara kutenga nepurazi duku. Pano ivo vakagaramo zvomunyama dzavo, asi maererano zvomudzimu zvasvika pakarepo. Jabberwocky uye rants dzouzivi zvava zvachose basa vagere papurazi. Kusvikira zuva rimwe Candide haana kushanyira inofara harahwa.

"Zvinokosha kuva bindu"

Leibniz akabereka pfungwa ouzivi nokudenga anopindirana. munyori French mwoyo muuzivi German anofunga. Zvisinei, pashure kudengenyeka kwenyika, Voltaire yakabudisa detembo umo vakaramba zvachose dzidziso pakuenzanisa zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Pakupedzisira debunk dzidziso Leibniz mudzidzisi akakwanisa munyaya pamusoro adventures ose Candide.

"Zvinokosha kuva bindu" - ndiwo pfungwa ichi achibatsirwa rimwe vatambi rinoratidza ari wokupedzisira muchitsauko Voltaire. "Candide", pfupiso aunopiwa chete pfungwa mukuru pfungwa ouzivi nemunyori, - basa yaunofanira verenga kana hamusi epakutanga, kana kanenge zvachose, kubva kwarinotangira kusvika kwarinoperera. Pashure pezvose, gamba kuti Voltaire kuti kutambura mupfungwa aizivikanwa murume ano. Mufaro - vachiwana uye kugara nebasa. Kufunga uye vachifunga nezvezvinoreva upenyu kunongokonzera kuora mwoyo. In nzvimbo kufungisisa anofanira hazvo kuuya chiito.