Chezita GDP, GDP chaicho: chii musiyano?

Huru macroeconomic zviratidzi vari GDP uye GNP (chezita uye chaiyo), mambure National mari, National upfumi, pachake chenhando mari. Vose kuratidza mwero hupfumi ezvinhu munyika, vanhu uye vagari.

Sezvo kuyerwa nhamba "chezita GDP - GNP chaiye" uye chii pfungwa iyi? Chii deflator? More nezvazvo huchakurukurwa.

pfungwa

iwe isu asati nezvoUmambo chezita, chaiye GDP nemifananidzo, tava kuenda nyaya yokuti kwakakomba National chigadzirwa. Uyu ndiwo mumwe huru macroeconomic zviratidzo. It rinowanikwa sezvo uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. musika kukosha zvose yokupedzisira zvinhu uye mabasa neve vagari, zvose mukati munyika uye kunze.

Somuenzaniso, imwe wokuRussia kambani kuti kugadzirwa confectionery zvigadzirwa ane kugadzira zvivako zvose muRussia uye kunze. Kwokupedzisira akagadzirwa musika ukoshi kubva pakutengeswa mishonga achibudiswa mabhizimisi ose boka, vachamutswawo mu zvachose GNP. Uye nhumbi yakabereka mufekitari kuRussia, vachamutswawo chete GDP (chakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa).

Saka, chakakomba National chigadzirwa akaenzana GDP ndinoiitawo kuva kwenhumbi zvinoberekwa vagari kunze kwenyika. Pfungwa yokuti 'chezita GNP "," GDP chaihwo "ongorora pazasi. Zvino tsanangura chii kwokupedzisira mutengo kwenhumbi.

Pfungwa yokupedzisira Mari nenhumbi

Zvose, kubva handingadariki chikamu motokari, girazi, uye zvichingodaro. D. Anogona kutengeswa pamusoro pamusika sechinhu akagadzirira akagadzirwa, uye sezvo chikamu yakawanda kunzwisisa chigadzirwa akadai motokari.

To makro-ezvoupfumi zviratidzo zvakanga sezvo chinangwa sezvinobvira, kufungawo chete chitsama kwokupedzisira mutengo kwenhumbi. Imwe nzira kuziva wechipfuwo musika - mutengo wakawedzera mutero.

muenzaniso

Somuenzaniso, imwe fekitari tarakita akatenga injini nemamwe makambani. Muchiitiko chino, zvigadzirwa izvi havazobviswi kufungwa zvokuti macroeconomic zviratidzo. Vachapinda chete yavakawana kubva tarakita. Asi kana mumwe injini chirimwa nokutengesa chairema kumusika dzisiri kuburikidza muchitoro okurima padivi zvikamu, mutengo wayo uchaburuka zvose GDP uye GNP.

Chezita uye chaivo GNP

Dzimwe nguva, ari upfumi wenyika, kuti hurongwa pezvakaitwa akadai wakawedzera mitengo, kuderedza, dhinominesheni nezvakadaro. Kazhinji macroeconomic zviratidzo zviri dzaona mu omunzvimbo dzeEurope, kunyange chakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa Chokwadi, kuyerwa mune kwakajairika dzakabatana. With mitengo kudzikisa ukoshi mari, izvo zvinoreva kuti ari macroeconomic zviratidzo, izvo zvinofanira kuratidza chaiye hunowanika, zvakakodzera togadzirisa zvinenge.

Heuno muenzaniso mubhadharo ndiyo chezita uye chaiyo indices. Toti, makore matatu apfuura, mumwe mugari ndaitambira mari kubva $ 30 zviuru. Rubles pa mwero rubles 30 paminiti dhora. Kureva chokwadi mari yake 1 zviuru. Dollars. Nhasi, mubayiro iye chete 30 zviuru. Rubles. Ndizvo mugari dzinonzi anogamuchira zvakafanana sepakutanga. Nhasi, zvisinei, vanogona kutengwa kare kanenge $ 500. Tichifunga kuti vakawanda zvigadzirwa munyika yedu vakawanikwa, iwe vaizongoguma kuwedzera mutengo ari muzvitoro rinenge kaviri. Somugumisiro, mubayiro chaivo akava mugari makore asingasviki matatu apfuura, pasinei nokuti mifananidzo (chezita) pamusoro Banknotes handishanduki.

A boka chezita GDP - GDP chaiye rinoreva zvakafanana. Pasinei nhamba nhasi macroeconomic zviratidzo, zvakakosha - kana zvinhu zvachinja muna upfumi nani.

Chezita uye chaiyo GDP: GDP deflator

Deflator anoti kuwedzera kana kuwa hwenyika nokuda padanho nokuyerwa macroeconomic zviratidzi pamusoro nguva. It rinowanikwa nenzira yemaitiro: Verengai kukosha pamusika mitengo nhumbi uye mabasa kuti gore uno, yakakamurwa Verengai kukosha mumusika mutengo kuti gore. Mugumisiro inofanira kane zana muzana.

All nhamba pazasi 100 kuchareva ichidonhedzera GDP, kumusoro 100 - kukura.

Vaya vakadzidza nhoroondo kuziva kuti vaKomonisiti vakauya simba muna 1917, zvichienzaniswa ose zviratidzi okukura "akaropafadza" ne 1913. Gore rino, Chokwadi, ari Russian Empire akava mutungamiriri munyika dzose zvoupfumi zviratidzo. Asi chete rinofananidza nhamba chaidzo: akanga zvakadini aunganidzwa, kumorwa, vachikanda, etc. Zvadaro vakaramba capitalism, uye zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti vazive mari kukosha macroeconomic zviratidzi ...

Nhasi zvose zvakachinja. Munyika capitalism tikaenzanisa mifananidzo mumashoko kukosha kwayo. Hazvinei kuti zviyo zvakawanda kumorwa kare gore, zvakakosha - nokuti chii chitsama yaitengeswa.

Achishandisa kupiwa gore apo dzinoongorora macroeconomic zviratidzo. Kazhinji, kumwe zvemari kubudirira.

Kazhinji sokugamuchira hwaro 2007. Kuverenga kuwedzera kana nokuwa chakakomba wechipfuwo chigadzirwa, zvakakodzera muchidimbu kukosha zvinhu uye mabasa kuti 2007 mugovane maererano nenhamba ra2008 (kana chimwe, kuti izvo tinoda kuwana mugumisiro). The zvichiguma Verengai zvikawanda nomumwe zana muzana.

Kukarukureta Example GNP deflator

Somuenzaniso, Verengai zvinhu zvose uye mabasa akatengesa vakasvika $ 1 tiririyoni. rubles muna 2007 (zvimiso nhamba). Muna 2008, maererano dambudziko, akatanga kuti 0,8. Saka GNP deflator achapiwa dzaona kubudikidza nzira: (0,8 / 1) x 100 = 80.

Kureva GDP, 2008 yaiva 80% kuti pre-dambudziko 2007.

Asi tinosimuka chete aizviti vhoriyamu zviratidzo. Kuti tiwane nhamba chaiyo, zvinokosha kufunga mitengo uye mwero pamutemo mari (kana zviratidzo makro-zveupfumi vakatorwa nhoroondo iri National mari).

Somuenzaniso, muna 2014, mari akapa anenge 35 rubles muna 2016 nokuti anenge 62 (kunyanya haangatenderi kufunga chaiwo Chokwadi, isu chete basa). Huru macroeconomic zviratidzo zviri dzaona mu rubles (kanenge kwatiri zviri munhau). GDP yemagazini 2014 vari ndezvomuzana kufanana muna 2015 (kana yakura, hazvisi zvakawanda).

Conditionally kufunga kuti muna 2014, uye muna 2015 bhuku GDP aiva uwandu $ 1 tiririyoni. rubles, asi ane chinokosha kuderedza currency uye kuwedzera $ 1 tiririyoni. rubles, ticharamba kutenga madhora mwero 62 rubles por USD zvishoma pane anenge 45% pane kuti mwero 35 p. nokuti USD

Saka, mwero chezita kumbochinja -. Bhiriyoni 1 rubles, uye indices ikaurawa anenge 45%.

Chokwadi, mabasa chakakomba National chigadzirwa vose vaikudzwa nezvoupfumi uye vezvematongerwo enyika vanotarisira, sezvo mutemo, muna madhora. Panyaya iyi, iyo kuderedza National mari basa rinokosha kutamba haangazorori kuona chaidzo uye chezita vhoriyamu, asi mitengo iri kuchengetwa ari dhora, maererano ine yera anosvika 1%.

Saka, kuva zvakafanira zvose Masvomhu iri, zvinokwanisika kuenzanisa aizviti / chaiwo GNP Nhamba uye kuona mamiriro ezvinhu vechokwadi upfumi.

Mitengo kucharamba?

Asi mune zvimwe zviitiko, GDP chaiye ari chezita GDP? Izvi zvichaitika kana mazwi maviri vakaenzana razero:

• Mwero mitengo.
• kuderedza rudzi mari pachinhu padanho wenyika. Kureva, chiitiko ichi sokuti hazvibviri. Usamborega, maererano Zvaifungidzirwa nezvoupfumi, munyika ano capitalist nyika, chezita uye chaiye GDP haina kuti tsurumete. Kutoti Chokwadi, isu hazvibhadharisi chezita prices pagore, iyo pamutemo akatorwa sezvo hwaro. Somuenzaniso, kana hwaro wabatwa 2007, chechokwadi uye chezita mashoko zvichava vakaenzana. Asi zvino hatigoni kunzwisisa simba hwenyika.

mhedziso

Saka, takakurukura pfungwa dzakadai chezita GDP, GDP chaiye, uye rinorondedzerwa yemaitiro deflator, izvo anobvumira kuona munyika kukura. Tinovimba kuti kufadza iripo mashoko akazivisa pfungwa. Pashure pezvose, nyika zvoupfumi zvakafanira kufamba inokosha zvoupfumi pfungwa.