Chii chinonzi electromagnetic induction?

Electromagnetic induction inotitenderera kwose kwose. Kunyange panguva ino, paunenge uchiverenga mitsara iyi kubva pachigadziko chechigadzirwa chako chemagetsi, masero emuviri anotorwa. Zvisinei, hazvifananidzi kunetseka pamusoro, nokuti simba rayo harina kukosha zvokuti inongova yezvakanakira. Zvisinei, pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kushandiswa kwemagetsi kumagetsi kunogona kuwedzera kuva nengozi. Sezvinozivikanwa, kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kunoenderana, kutanga kune zvose, pamusoro pake. Nokudaro, zvinokosha kuti uve nechinangwa chikuru chezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi.

Ngatishandisei tsanangudzo yakajeka. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoda simbi yesimbi inoputika, iyo inonzi masmeter ine simba uye nechepasi-simba rekudzivirira mwenje inobatanidzwa mune zvakatevedzana. Iyi hoop ichave yakavharidzirwa, iyo inowanikwa ikozvino inogona kuyerera . Mhete yacho pachayo iri yoga: somuenzaniso, yakavanzwa mumapurasitiki epurasitiki. Chinhu chechipiri chakakosha ndeyendarira yakareba, iyo ikozvino inoyerera. Mhirizhonga pano inofanira kuva yakakwirira. Tinoisa hoop muimba imwe, uye tambo mune imwe. Zviri pachena kuti chidimbu chemukati yechindori chesimbi chinoratidza zero - zvechokwadi, ikozvino iko kunobva kupi? Iye zvino taisa tambo yakananga pavharo ... Panguva ino, kana iyo yakawanda inokosha isati iri duku, museve wechigadzirwa unotsauka kubva ku zero. Zvishamiso! Mushure mezvose, magetsi anobva mudambo haagoni kusvetuka pamusoro pesimbi yesimbi, kubva pakupedzisira, sezvatakanyatsojekesa, yakasarudzwa nemapurasitiki asingaiti zvino. Ngatishandisei kuedza kwedu: kuvhara tambo pane hoop. Iye zvino neta yemameter inoratidza zvakajeka kuvapo kwemazuva emagetsi mukati mechindori . Chikonzero chei izvi kushandiswa kwema-electromagnetic induction. Kuti utsanangure zviri kuitika kubva mune zvesayenzi zvemaonero, zvakakosha kuita rwendo ruduku mune zvakaitika.

Kuwanikwa kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi mumagetsi muna 1831 kunonzi kuna Faraday. Makore gumi zvisati zvaitika, akanga azviisa chinangwa chokushandura maginist masimita kuva magetsi uye uye, sezviri pachena, akashingaira nayo. Sezvo panguva iyoyo mafizikiri aiziva kuti kune marudzi maviri eminda - maginiti uye magetsi. Kana zvikwereti zvinotakura zvichifamba, ipapo magnetic field yakanyorwa, uye kana ikamira, ipapo magetsi. Vazhinji vakafunga kuti minda inofanirwa kunge yakabatana, asi Faraday aifunga nezvechiitiko ichi uye anosimbisa. Akafambisa coil maduku mukati memukuru. Mhedziso yeimwe yei yakanga yakabatana nechigadziro chekuyera, uye imwe yakanga ichimhanya panguva yazvino. Izvo zvinoitika zvekunyanya kufamba mumutunhu inonzi inokonzerwa (induced) current. Kana zvikamu zvine mutengo wekutengesa nenzira yakarongeka, magnetic field inowanikwa pedo navo . Kuti kuve nekuita kuti kuve nekugadziriswa, mitsara yekutambudzika kwebindu iri inofanira kuyambuka kuitisa mutsara. Iyo mhirizhonga pachayo uye munda unogona kushandurwa - chibereko chacho chakafanana. Kudzorerwa kwemazuva ano (iyo yeFadaday chiitiko) neimwe shanduko inobvumira kudzivisa chero ma mechanical displacements, sezvo munda wakagadzirwa pachako unoshanduka munguva. Kushandiswa kwema electromagnetic induction kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira magetsi magetsi. Zvichida, unyanzvi hwemagetsi hahuna kumbobvira hwasvika matanho emazuva ano kudai pakanga pasina maitiro akadaro.

Ndeipi ngozi kune munhu? Mimwe mitsara yemutsetse wekutenderera inotumira dutu rezviuru zvevhiri. Nemhaka yeizvi, munda uripo wakakomberedza madheta unogona kupararira pamusoro pemamiriyoni emamita. Mune munhu akabatwa mune imwe nzvimbo inoshandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo, mvura yemamolekyu inofambidzana pamwe chete nematambudziko emagetsi. Kuratidzwa kwenguva yakareba kumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kunokanganisa maitiro akawanda emitumbi.