Chii co-Operatives? Types uye maitiro cooperatives

Vanhu vakabatana mapoka kubva kare. vavhimi chinyakare aivhima pamwechete, varimi vakashanda minda. Chii co-Operatives, havana kuziva. Asi kusonganirana kwavo anogona kunzi kune ano pfungwa yacho pamwe.

Co-op - chii?

Shoko "pamwe" rinobva pamidzi maviri Latin Co - "pamwe chete", "pamwe chete" uye opus - "basa", "basa". Naizvozvo, achipindura mubvunzo chii mushandirapamwe Operatives, vanhuwo tsanangudzo panguva dzakawanda dhigiri itsanangudzo shanduro sevagari chiito uye pamwe.

Co-op - ane sangano rwokuzvarwa kana nomutemo vanhu pamwe munyaya dzakasiyana-siyana zvoupenyu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa kumusika, kuvakwa uye mashandiro zvivako, nomutengo uye kudyiwa mabasa uye nenhumbi. A chokuzvidira kuwadzana vakaziva repamutemo, kukura tichiregeredza anozvipira mari uye kuzvidzora utariri.

akasika pamwe pfuma pahwaro ari anobata neimwe nhengo pamwe. Zvaizobuda sangano inova purofiti kuudzawo pfuma itsva. A chairwo chepfungwa pamwe anoonekwa kuva chikamu nhengo dzose basa. Asati tichibatanidza unobatsira chaizvo zvinangwa, akasika chimwe mari. Nhengo imwe neimwe pamwe basa zvichiita (mugove). Shareholders chomurume pamwe, kukonzera ngozi dzingavapo, mubereko iri anoparadzirwa.

The Mhando chikuru cooperatives

Mira mhando cooperatives dzakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa. By mhando yebasa marginalize kugadzirwa uye nevatengi cooperatives. Ndezvipi kusiyana navo? Production kunoratidzwa rudzi rokumanikidzirwa kubatanidzwa nerimwe nhengo sangano iri kugadzirwa basa kuti purofiti. It akabvumira yaitsiva basa kuitawo mugove zvipo. Dzinowanda SKHPK (okurima kugadzirwa cooperatives).

Mutengi yanana vapindure kwakadaro tingasarudza. Mubatanidzwa akadaro akasikwa ari nonprofit sangano kusangana zvinodiwa shareholders. To mutengi cooperatives vari nevatengi nzanga (IN), zvokurima cooperatives (SCC) uye dzimwe pamwe nhengo-shareholders.

mutengi cooperatives

Mhando nevatengi cooperatives hunomiririrwa siyana. Chekutanga - mutengi nzanga. Form vagari uye nomutemo masangano nokuda zvokuvakisa okurima uye nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, kupa shareholders vanofanira kuratidza chigadzirwa yako nerubatsiro zvakakodzera zvinhu. General chitoro uye nevatengi vanhu vakatanga kuva kucherechedzwa chidimbu kuti anotaura pamusoro kuparadzirwa dzavo uye kukosha.

Agricultural cooperatives kubatanidza vanhu, vaitungamirira private mapurazi uye vaburitsi zvokurima. Personal basa kuita iyi kunokosha. SCC inobatanidza Chikwata kana Chikwata, kurongedza zvirimwa kana akazvitengesa, mubasa wedzerai, inishuwarenzi kana anomukweretesa.

Atangisa Co-op rokuremekedza

Kubva mazita co-Operatives kunogona kunyatsooneka chinangwa zvisikwa zvavo uye basa nhengo dzayo. GSK anobatana varidzi mumagaraji kuvaka anoronga kurapa Real Estate, Villa-kuvaka inobatanidza varidzi dzimba anamapako zvezhizha. Nokuti pokugara, kune dzimba kuvaka, pekugara uye mari cooperatives. pokugara uye mari cooperatives (CCP) vari kuumbwa kuti anomukweretesa. Vanokwezva mari shareholders nokuda kwezvikwereti mhindu, dzinopa mari kubatsira varimi, zvokurima mabhizimisi uye munhu mapurazi. kubatanidza mabasa anoteererwa pachishandiswa chokuzvidira chibvumirano nhengo-shareholders.

Mamwe cooperatives

Kunogona dziya uye nedzimwe nzira zvinoshanda cooperatives. Chii mugove zvokuzvivaraidza huripo co-Operatives? Zvakaoma kupa mhinduro chaicho sezvo nokupiringidza zviratidzo kunotungamirira mawa Kufanana pamwe maitiro-siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu. Kusunungurwa wandei zvinogumbura makuru.

Pamutemo. Cooperatives pamutemo (pamutemo) uye zvisina kurongwa. Pakutanga, Songaniro regai kuramba ukama pasi pemurairo. Nhasi, cooperatives anoshanda pasi mitemo nyika apo, akanyorwa nemitemo wehurumende kwemiviri.

Nezvenzvimbo vakuru vakuru kuti cooperatives. Kusiyanisa chikuru, chesekondari, tertiary, uye zvichingodaro. Ivo zvisingapindirani maumbirwo nokuumbwa. Primary kunobvumirwa vanhu yechipiri kubva chikuru, uye ipapo kuwedzerazve.

By nzvimbo. Nyaya iyi inechirevo guta, dzakapoteredzana, mumaruwa uye nezvimwe cooperatives.

Pakazosvika nguva kuwanikwa. Kusanganisa wekare rwakatanga chikuru hwaro, tsika, kwakavakirwa mutengi kugutsikana, ano, ane tsvakurudzo sezvazviri.

Kwakakura basa. Small, svikiro, masangano makuru ari kusiyaniswa yakasiyana dzekuziva: uwandu shareholders, akafukidza nzvimbo, ndeyokuti upfumi basa.

Pakazosvika nguva kuvapo. Created cooperatives pamusoro yakabvuma izwi kana nokusingagumi.

Activity munda. Production cooperatives kubereka zvaioneka uye chisingaoneki zvikomborero. Aimbova zvinosanganisira zvibereko zvokurima uye maindasitiri, yokufambisa kuzvipatara uye kutengeswa nhumbi, kusona uye zvakawanda. To rwechipiri sezvo avo kuti dzinoita mabasa akadai zveutano.

Social Zvinoumba nhengo. Proletarian chemwenje, Artisan uye murimi mudiki cooperatives. Chokutanga zvainanga kuvandudza mararamiro nhengo kuita wechipiri nowechitatu abatana vagadziri kuti vabereke uye kumusika zvigadzirwa, kuti zvikwereti uye tora deposits. Paiva neshamwari kuti vanhu vakaderera uye vsesoslovnye hwaro.

Maererano kunzwisisa kwakaita mabasa. Sangano nokuti zvakafanana zvinangwa zvainanga dzemabhizimisi zvakanaka, mibatanidzwa nezvinetso kuronga kwemajoini basa.

Chinangwa co-oparesheni

Kufanana chero munzanga kufamba akaisa kuzadzisa imwe chinangwa cooperatives. Chinokosha hwaro achida chinangwa? KweSangano, dzidzo, zvoupfumi, ezvemitemo uye dzidzo nebasa inosimudzira pfungwa pamwe. The kubatsira uri upfumi rutivi upenyu kunokwanisika kuburikidza yakawiriranwa kubatanidza vanhu, vadyi kuzvipira pamwe kubudirira, kuvandudza yepamutemo tsika uye kukurudzira yevagari matanho.

Kusanganisa zviri cooperatives

Pamwe chete zvinoratidza inobudisa cooperatives, marudzi uye zvinhu dzinoratidzwa dzinowanikwa zvinhu. Namapfumbamwe maviri remakore vakaratidza zvinokosha zviratidzo tichibatanidza. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• private unhengo vechikamu;
• kunzwisisa zvinangwa zvemari;
• kuisa pfungwa rubatsiro namazano;
• vakasununguka kupinda uye mbudo;
• nhengo pamwe pakutanga vari kubatsirwa;
• mu yanana rupinde ane risingaperi uwandu shareholders;
• Association kunoitika maererano management;
• nhengo, shareholders havagovani basa iri zvebhizimisi;
• chinoumba zvinhu - vanhu.

Common zviratidzo cooperatives ano

The chiitiko remakore pamwe maviri okutanga zvakakonzera kwaita zvitsva zviri zvakafanana. Changing chinyakare zviratidzo hazvina kushandura musimboti.

Mukuru unoti: chete cooperatives kunoratidzwa kubatana zvoupfumi uye nevamwe. Chichabudirira zvoupfumi basa, cooperatives (mhando dzidzo inogona kuva zvakasiyana), mumwe zvainoita chinzvimbo nhengo dzaro kunobatsira.

Zvimwe chinhu: vadyi zvarinoroora pfuma. Paumbwe nevakariri pfuma iri nokuda pamusuo yechikoro uye yokuwedzera mipiro. Mukova kubhadhara haasi refundable, zviri kupedzerwa zvakasikwa mujinga nokuwadzana. Zvimwe mugove akapinda vakada kana yakatangwa maererano zvokudya mutemo. Zvose zvinhu zvipenyu zviri kuonekwa idzokororo. The Tingawaneiko rinowanikwa sezvo kusiyana mari uye mari pamwe. Ndezvenguva shareholders, izvo ugovere zvavo musangano. Nokurasikirwa vanoonekwa nevakawanda.

Chinokosha zvakafanana chinhu chinoratidzwa pamwe kuita nhengo dzose nokuda migumisiro upfumi basa. Kana kusauka kushamwaridzana uye kushaya zvavo mari kusangana Zvinotaurwa chikwereti, mari shareholders 'unobatanidzwa. With shoma kuita mukutsirani unoripa mugove mupiro, kana mari iri vakawanda kwaro ukuru. Unlimited kuita zvinoda kushandira pamwe nhengo vachiteerera pfuma yavo pamigumisiro yemabasa ayo.

Chimwe chinhu - hwoutongi dzemitemo. Democracy mu pamwe hutungamiri runoonekwa mune chokwadi chokuti chete mukuru musangano shareholders, ane mashandiro anoita mukuru rinodzora. Zvenguva pedzimba anofanira kusarudzwa pamusangano, kumuudza. Wakaenzana nhengo pamwe iri vaiva nomumwe vhoti, pasinei nhamba paov.

Saka, aunganidze pamwe, chii cooperatives. Izvi kuwadzana nokuzvidira vomuUmambo vakabatana zvionera uye democratic nenheyo zvavanotarisira mune zvoupfumi, dzemagariro uye dzetsika. At mwoyo hupfumi basa iri pamwe zvarinoroora wekambani.

History of co-kushanda mu Europe

The Kuwadzana rokutanga chaiwo pfungwa zvakataurwa cooperatives yakabuda pakati pezana-namapfumbamwe remakore muEngland. Experience Varuki 1830 kwakakundikana. Muna 1844, kuedza kwavo wechipiri akabudirira. Twenty-vasere Varuki vakaungana kuti pave chitoro kuti akapa shareholders kudya zvinhu nemitengo yakaderera. Muna 1949, nhamba nhengo yawedzera vanhu vapfumbamwe. Zvichitevera anobudirira ruzivo paiva kambani yacho inishuwarenzi, vagadziri pamwe, yakawiriranwa nenzanga. MuUK, mutengi cooperatives vanobatanidza vanhu mamiriyoni manomwe vari zviuru mibatanidzwa. Ivo kupa nevatengi zvinhu uye zvipfeko, imba zvinhu ubayire mabasa kugutsa kudiwa pamutemo nokurapwa. VokuEurope kunzwisisa kuti vakadaro co-Operatives nemagariro renyika uye mumwe nomumwe vaigara ayo. In Sweden, mutengi cooperatives kunge nekusimba pachavo vari dzimba kuvaka, kukura zvokurima. In Denmark, hafu mukuru vemo muna 2000 zvabatanidzwa nevatengi cooperatives. Pamwe yakapiwa varimi. Mukaka firimu, nyama kubudiswa , uye zvakawanda ndezvaJehovha cooperatives.

Kushandira Pamwe ari US

Pashure kuitwa muna 1926 noMutemo pamusoro Cooperatives muUnited States kuchapararira shamwari dzakadai varimi, sezvo cooperatives. Chii pamwe, chii anobatsirwa rinopa, akatsanangura basa varimi kurima cooperatives. Pakutanga kwezana remakore maviri rokutanga chine chinhanho kubva pamwe kufamba. To musi, hafu varimi dziri co-Operatives.

Cooperatives muRussia

Nhoroondo kukura pamwe nesangano kuRussia kunotanga namapfumbamwe remakore. Wokutanga chikwereti uye zvikwereti Kudyidzana akasika Luginin Hama Kostroma mudunhu 1865. Pakazosvika ramakumi remakore, Russia atora aitungamirira chinzvimbo munyika kwenhamba cooperatives uye nhengo dzavo. Zvakaitika 1917 akadimburira pakuzadzisa pamwe. Rumutsiriro kwakatanga nineties. Muna 1992 nayo kushandisa mutemo "On nevatengi pamwe mu Russia" muna 1996 - mutemo "On basa okuwana cooperatives muna Russian Federation." Kuwedzera mitemo iyi yeUnited, cooperatives dzinotungamirirwa ne Civil Code of Russian Federation. Nzanga imwe neimwe anovandudza uye zvinotora pamusoro mukuru musangano bumbiro, rinotaura dzinokosha chidhiraivho zvesangano (mugove nomupiro, papfungwa nhengo dzavo basa, etc.). Nhasi, nhamba cooperatives muRussia, nhamba Vatori kuramba ichiwedzera.

Tarisiro kukura pamwe nesangano

remakore maviri okutanga anoramba achitaurwa nevanopinda tsika. We achinja pfungwa uye mhando cooperatives, asi chaizvoizvo yavo chinoramba zvakafanana. Vanopfuura zviuru makumi manomwe cooperatives ano zana namakumi maviri rudzi vangazivikanwa. Species kusiyana kunoratidza kuti cooperatives akararama kusvika kwavo tariro kuvandudza dzinokosha zviratidzo pamwe nhengo dzakasiyana socio-ezvoupfumi.