Chii kupfuma mutauro wokuRussia? The mhinduro pfupi kuti mubvunzo

Kuramba kupfuma mutauro Russian asiri munhu angada. Uye mumwe, uyo angatsunga nharo nezvenyaya iyi, ruri mumatope okunamata dzomusango kuvhiringidzika, nekuti ikakuruma vakadzidza ose vaduku vagari venyika vazive kuti simba mutauro mukuru Russian riri usingatsananguriki! Ndingashandisa sei zvakananga uye muchidimbu pamusoro mubvunzo chii ndiro nhema simba uye simba, iyo inozivikanwa redu nomutauro waakaberekwa nawo? Munyaya ino tichaedza zvishoma kunzwisisa sei uye nei mutauro uyu rava kwazvo pakachena, rakakura uye simba.

kupinda

, Zvinokosha kuyeuka tsika dzekare tisati nezvazvo pane kupfuma yomutauro wokuRussia. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kare muna IX remakore Slavs akanga achitaurazve mutauro Russian Old. Chokwadi, kubvira akakundwa vazhinji kuchinja uye kugadzirisa, asi rava ano uye zvakafanana. Zvinonzi kukura ichi mutauro zvinoshamisa havana chete philologists uye nyanzvi dzemitauro, asiwo matarenda vanhu Russia zvose. Vaikwanisa izvozvo, zvichiita vakanaka uye yakajeka. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, akava chaizvo kunze. Vazhinji vatorwa dzinofarira yakadaro kunonakidza uye zvakasiyana-siyana mutauro uye vanoda kudzidza. An dzinonakidza chokwadi kuti nhasi rurimi rwaamai nderimwe shanu inowanzoshandiswa mitauro munyika.

The chikuru chakaita pakugadzirwa

Chii kupfuma mutauro wokuRussia? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu zvinokwanisika chete pashure kuongorora nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura mutauro, nekuti sezvo tinogona kutonga pamusoro chinhu pasina kuziva kwayakanga yabva? Kana kwete chiKristu, tinogona kutaura chokwadi zvinenge chakakwana kuti mutauro wokuRussia haina chaizvo kuva zvatinoziva nazvo nhasi. Zvinonzi kunzwisisa kuti wokuUkraine, Belarusian uye Russian mitauro zviri chaizvo akafanana. Zvimwe kana kwete kunamata, vanhu vose vaitaura chinhu mukuru pakati mumitauro izvi zvitatu, uye ipapo madzinza mufananidzo wenyika kunge kuchinja zvinoshamisa.

The mabasa Peter I

Yepamusoro kukura mutauro vakauya XVII-XVIII remakore, uye zvikuru chikwereti anoenda Peter I. The yokuchinja kwakaitika XVII remakore, zvakanga ipapo mambo aishingaira kudzorwa munzvimbo dzose ehurumende nheyo. Zvechokwadi, vose kuchinja izvi vasingagoni kuyambuka mhiri anokosha - nezvetsika uye mutauro. Aikwanisa kushandisa yevagari Fonts kuti vakazodzingwa Kirillov Semi-zvakare. Iyewo arayira vose kushandisa mazwi matsva kuti yakatorwa kubva nyika dzokuEurope. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvose zvakagadzirwa izvi nokuda kworutivi vaibata zvehondo. Panguva ino mumutauro wokuRussia aiva mashoko akadai guardhouse, mumwe pasiwedhi uye koporo. Peter I paakapiwa inokosha mari pfuma yaro kuti uvhure imba rokudhinda. Ivo akadhindwa unyanzvi mabhuku, uyewo mabhuku enyika inokosha. izvi zvose zvakabatsira andobata hwokunyora chinoumba tsika uye tsika migwagwa yacho nguva.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Hatifaniri kukanganwa pamusoro mumwe munhu anokosha zvikuru anenge aita rakakura kukura mutauro. Tiri kutaura Mikhail Lomonosov. Akanyora mabasa ake pamusoro mutauro kurudyi Russian uye kuita zvakanakisisa zvedu kuomerera nemitemo yomutauro. Kwapera nguva, mitemo iyi zvave chakaunzwa mutauro kwaitanga, uye chii chiri kunakidza zvikuru, ndechokuti tichiri kushandisa yakawanda navo! Mihaila Lomonosova mupiro iri underrated zvikuru, asi nokuda kworutivi chete nokuti akanga bazi zvakadai sainzi, sezvo girama, izvo zvakazoita kuti chinyorwa chokutanga zvedzidzo nemashoko. On mari yavo pachavo, akabudisa "Russian girama", iro kusvikira zuva rino rimwe remasangano pfuma wokuRussia tsika. Kubvira vakatanga paruzhinji kuziva mutauro Russian sezvo mukuru uye ane simba. Vanofarira mhiri kwemakungwa vakatanga kudzidza uye kuvandudza. Mushure bhuku rinonzi girama mabhuku vana zvakanga zvakanyorwa massively rakatangwa muna purogiramu yedzidzo. chikamu kuti Mikhail wenyaya mumagadzirirwo, ichijekesa unyanzvi, vemabhizimisi nevesayenzi.

Pfungwa Kushandurwa mutauro wokuRussia mberi uye iye angangotadza zvichazombopera. Kugara pane ruzivo itsva, zvitsva rwokugadzira nesayenzi itsva, iyo zvinoda chaizvo mashoko. A yakawanda mashoko mutauro wedu akakwereta kubva kunze kwenyika, asi haina kumutadzisa kuramba chete akakurumbira, vakagwinya uye multi-faceted.

Simba mutauro

Zvinoita here zvachose kunyora, chii upfumi mutauro wokuRussia? Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti kune zuva, ndiyo imwe akura zvikuru, mukurumbira uye kupatsanurwa mitauro pasi pose, iyo ine guru Database mabhuku uye kunyora. Asi chii chinonzi kupfuma mutauro wokuRussia, sei zvakasiyana nevamwe, izvo lexical uye zvivakamutauro zviri kuti zvakanakisisa? Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti apo anotanga pokukurukura kukosha uye kupfuma mutauro, chaunotanga kutarira vanotsvakurudza - muduramazwi. Kana izere mashoko anopa zvinhu zvakasiyana nyore, zvakajeka uye nyanzvi pakutaura mutauro, uye panofanira tsamba, ndiro akanaka uye yakakodzera kutaura, ipapo tinogona kutaura kuti mutauro akafuma zvakakwana. K.Paustovsky rave akati chete mumutauro Russian kureva zvavo zvakasikwa zvakadai mvura, mhepo, nyanza, zuva, denga, uswa, nezvimwewo, pane zvakasiyana siyana zviratidzo zvakasiyana hombe. Lexical hunova mutauro waamai pachena zvikuru mumashoko siyana maduramazwi. Dal rakabatanidza anopfuura 200 000 mashoko ake "Dictionary of Russian Language".

kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kukwana

Kupfuma uye expressiveness mutauro wokuRussia zvikurukuru novimba chii kureva mashoko kutakura. In nguva ino yedu mutauro waamai anewo kwete akaderera, nekuti tine yakawanda anoreva zvakafanana, homonyms uye nyore nemashoko. Tinoyeuka kuti anoreva zvakafanana - mashoko anoreva zvakafanana. In Russian, zvakawanda mashoko usangobva kamwe akanunurazve usina kufukidzwa vadetembi waifamba sebenzi vachitsvaka senhetembo itsva: Munhu ane chete kuverenga vakanyatsoteerera duramazwi. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti anoreva zvakafanana havasi mazita chete akasiyana kuti zvimwechete, ivo yakajekesa chete dzakananga pfuma chinhu, kubatsira zvikuru uye zvinoshamisa kutsanangura chinhu. Tinopa muenzaniso diki, vachishandisa shoko "akakurumbira". Rinogona kutsiva nyore zviumbu akadai "hunoshamisa", "guru", "anoshamisa" uye "inonyatsozivikanwa". Uyezve, mumwe chipauro anoratidza shoko rinokosha subtext. The chipauro "guru" rinotsanangura chinhu sezvazviri, shoko "kunoshamisa" rinopa kuenzaniswa Kukoshesa "yakakurumbira" zvinoreva Qualitative hunhu, uye "anoshamisa" kunoita kuti kuratidza mafungiro edu kuti chinhu.

Anoreva zvakafanana vari chikamu chinokosha uye chinokosha kutaura, nekuti ivo vanobvumira kuti kusiyanisa mutauro wokufananidzira kudzivisa repetitions vakatushura. Most dzinonakidza ndechokuti dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa uchitsanangura, vanogara tsika dzavo havagoni kuva chero chokuita nenyaya mubvunzo. Somuenzaniso, tinoti shoko "vazhinji", uye pashure pacho muzvirevo siyana zvinogona kutsiviwa anoreva zvakafanana dzakadai rima, mugomba rakadzikadzika, Prorva, makungwa, mukuze, etc. Uyu unongova muenzaniso mumwe, asi zvinoratidza zvakajeka kusiyana mutauro wokuRussia.

mashoko

Kuti tinzwisise zviri kupfuma mutauro wokuRussia, unofanira kurangarira inokosha pfungwa isina, kutaura izvo zvinoita kuti kutsanangura manzwiro pamusoro. Kune zvakanaka uye kunaka okuti. Mashoko aya kuva wokutanga kuona, kufanana yakanaka, youmbozha, vakashinga, inofadza uye nevamwe. Mashoko aya ndezvaJehovha wechipiri mhando, somunhu mutsigo, ndisipo pfungwa nomuromo, etc. mutauro wedu chizvarwa iri kusimba akapfuma nemashoko emotive inokubvumirai manzwiro akadai nounyoro, hasha, rudo, hasha, nezvimwewo, kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana vezvikwata, chimwe nechimwe chine rakasiyana rinoreva. Mikhail Lomonosov akanga aita pamusoro madudziro emazwi ichi, achiti kuti mitauro miviri chete nhaka vanoverengeka inovaraidza uye umalitelnyh mashoko, Russian uye wokuItaly zvakakwana.

mitsara

Kunyange zvakadaro haana zvakazara pachena mubvunzo chii kupfuma yomutauro wokuRussia. Muchidimbu tinogona kutaura kuti kupfuma mutauro kwaiitirwa fuma yaro nomumwe dzakabatana. Hatigoni kukanganwa pamusoro mitsara, inova chikamu chinokosha nokutaura. Chiripo mashoko Rinobva zvinyorwa, zviitiko zvekare uye kunyange varipo zvakaitika vanhu. Mitsara vanhuwo zvavo vakawanda zvakajeka uye zvakavanda anopa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvoupenyu. Ndosaka masayendisiti akaunganidzawo uchenjeri vanhu Zvishoma nezvishoma, nokuti boka redzinza - ndiwo akanakisisa musiki uye Muponesi upenyu ruzivo. Mamwe masayendisiti kunyange enzanisa pamwe vanhuwo zvavo nomuzivi uyo, upenyu mupenyu, anobudisa zvidzidzo yake zvinokosha. Tinyatsoziva rakakura Russian Mitsara, unogona kushandisa "phrasebook mutauro wokuRussia" pasi editorship pamusoro Molotov.

Vapfume mashoko vatorwa

Mienzaniso Russian upfumi hazvibviri pasina mashoko vakauya kwatiri vachibva kune dzimwe nyika. Ivo kuvandudza mutauro wedu. Zvinofanira kunzi chete mutauro wokuRussia ane kuwanda prefixes yakadaro uye suffixes kusika mashoko matsva. Nyanzvi dzemitauro Kashoma kushandura mashoko vatorwa translit - chete kana wava. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvose, chiedza anooneka mazwi matsva akasiyana.

girama

Chii kupfuma mutauro wokuRussia, kana kwete girama? Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba kutaura. girama redu kusiyaniswa kwete chete nokuda kwayo mukana wokushandiswa, asiwo kuratidza. Dzidza mutauro vatorwa - zvisiri nyore. Zvose pamusoro kunzwisisa dzimwe mitauro, asi Russian, rayo kusiyana zvose, zvazvinosarira chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kufunga muchikwata kwazvakaita, izvo zvinoratidza nzira aibuda chiito. Zviri zvishoma kuoma kukunda muchikwata nguva, nokuti anobvumira dzakasiyana kuti munguva chiito. Somuenzaniso, "ita" rechiito inganzwika seyakawanda "prodelyvat", "kumugumo", "kumugumo", etc. Chinenge chero mutauro wenyika hakuna akawanda kudaro siyana shoko.

Mashoko pamusoro kupfuma mutauro wokuRussia

Isu akatarisa zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa pakutaura kwedu. Saka, chii chiri upfumi mutauro wokuRussia? Muchidimbu edza kupindura mubvunzo uyu mashoko vanhu vakakurumbira. Uye Turgenev akarayira: "Uchengete mutauro, kwedu mutauro yakanaka Russian, ichi pfuma uye nhaka pachishandiswa edu vamutangira." Very zvakanaka kuisa, Nikolai Gogol, uyo akanyora kuti: "chinoshamisa zvishongo mutauro wedu. Kuti hapana ruzha, uye chipo, zvose granular, coarsely, sezvo iye nedzamaparera zvakarurama, rimwe zita rinokosha kupfuura chinhu choga" Friedrich Shona akaita inonakidza nekuonekwa; "Dzakanaka sei mutauro Russian! Zvose zvakanakira ari German pasina ake anotyisa utsinye. "

Nokupfupikisa nyaya, yakatsaurirwa mutauro wokuRussia, ndinoda kutaura kuti vaiona mumwe, mupfumi uye youmbozha mitauro rakapfuma, asi panguva imwe chete - zvakaoma. Munhu rombo kukwana kuberekwa uye kutaura mutauro, kwete kutomboziva chipo raakanga apiwa. Chii kupfuma mutauro wokuRussia? Mhinduro iri nyore: munhau dzedu uye vanhu akasika mutauro uyu amborohwa.