Chinhu uye nyaya dzidziso wehurumende uye mutemo: pfungwa uye ukama nevamwe

The chinhu uye nyaya dzidziso wehurumende uye mutemo, sezvo neimwe nesayenzi, zviri kwairayirwa zvinoriumba. In ichi wokutanga Kazhinji nayo Inonzi dzakananga chezvinonhuwira chokwadi kuti ariko pasina pfungwa uye kuda nokuziva nyaya. Yechipiri dzakaonekwa uye kuzivikanwa kwavo nedanho ruzivo zvedzidzo, uyewo dzinokosha, yakadzika kubatana, regularities akaratidza mupfungwa dzake.

Saka, kuti kutsanangura nyaya - zvinoreva nokuzvisimbisa kuti kudzidza sainzi ichi, kuona kuwanda evanhu ukama, zviitiko, masangano, kudzidza iyo inogarwa. Gare gare munyaya tichakurukura chii chinhu uye nyaya dzidziso wehurumende uye mutemo. Kunyange zita unogona kufungidzira kuti zvidzidzo izvi sainzi. Zvisinei, hurumende uye kodzero - ndivo mananara kuti nhema mumunda kutsvakurudza uye nezvimwe anoranga akadai sainzi enyika, uzivi, evanhu, etc. Musiyano ..?

sainzi Subject

Nokuti nyaya sayenzi iyi kare anonzi mukuru mitemo kupfuura dzakananga pamusoro panowanikwa Chiitiko pakati paruzhinji-pamutemo hunhu chokuvapo kwavo, budiriro uye inoshanda. Kuvimba dzimwe nzvimbo ruzivo, dzidziso mutemo uye ehurumende (THP) formulates ari Mapato, pfungwa, mazano uye mifananidzo izvi kana zvimwe (chaiyo) pamutemo mananara. Panguva iyoyo riri kusarudza kwokudzidza kwete zvose, asi rakajairika mapatani.

nesayenzi pfungwa

Professor Marchenko MN kana tichifunga kuti kudzidza nyaya dzidziso wehurumende uye mutemo, anodana zvinogumbura nomwe akadzidza paruzhinji ukama:

• Mitemo mukuru paumbwe hurumende, mutemo, mavambo dzavo uye kukura;
• ukama ehurumende;
• Tinoberekwa features, hunhu, chimiro, chimiro uye vanogutsikana;
• basa uye nzvimbo munzanga uye nyika yaivapo ehurumende enyika;
• zvemitemo muitiro;
• yeruramisiro, mutemo, mubumbiro romutemo uye legality;
• Maitiro akanaka, kugumbusa uye kuuya mutoro kwavari.

The chinhu uye nyaya dzidziso wehurumende uye mutemo inokurukurwa mapepa akawanda sayenzi. Somuenzaniso, Purofesa Babaeva V. K. zvakare, pane pfungwa yako. It inorondedzera chinhu sezvo mitemo mukuru kushanda mutemo, mamiriro avo mavambo uye kukura, mamiriro, hunhu, masangano uye zvikuru zvinhu. tsanangudzo yake uwane, asi nzvimbo haasi dzisingapindirani kuti nemamwe masayendisiti.

Kuzviitira uye chinangwa zvinhu

Nyaya sayenzi iyi dzinoratidzwa zvikuru kunzwisisa kusakarongeka mapoka maviri zvinhu: chinangwa uye kuzviitira. Kuvapo wokutanga nokuti sayenzi inotaura nokuziva TGP raivapo chinangwa chokwadi (state-pamutemo). Zvisinei, panguva imwe cheteyo chinhu ari kuzviitira uye, sezvo kusiyana chaiyoiyo, ndinosika muenzaniso kwayo sezvo paavhareji, idealized, chikamu mananara paruzhinji-pamutemo hunhu vakakwana. Nyaya yekudzidza ndivo vanhu avo nyika maonero, ravo zvesayenzi uye dzouzivi zvaunofarira, munhu zvedzidzo uye ruzivo. Naizvozvo, mutsvakurudzi ose ari kudzidza, sezvo zvingadaro, nguva dzose kunounza zvinhu subjectivity.

Subject, chinhu kudzidza dzidziso wehurumende, kodzero zviri pedyo nepedyo uye correlated yose uye chikamu chacho, uye naizvozvo tinofanira kubatwa inokosha kubva mumwe.

pfuma

In sayenzi ehurumende uye mutemo kuwedzera nyaya uye chinhu ari oga. Categories vane misiyano. Chokuratidza kuti wakapatsanura zvinoreva uye zviri chinhu uye chehasha dzidziso wehurumende uye mutemo kubva mumwe, vanobatanidzwa zvatinokanganisa kuti paruzhinji-pamutemo hunhu. Pakati theorists, pane maonero akasiyana panyaya iyi.

Somuenzaniso, Raw VM anobata chinhu sezvikonzero, pokutangira zivo yesayenzi uye anorondedzera kwaari vose enyika uye dzepamutemo mananara, zvinoti: rworudyi, Hurumende iri mhosva, ukama zvemitemo, maduramazwi nhoroondo ezvinhu chokuvapo wavo, zvepfungwa vomuUmambo, maitiro zvavo zvomene uye mutengo wavo, uyewo tarira huripo mutemo, mabasa miviri mamiriro.

Professor Polyakov AV rinobva pakuti chinhu sayenzi ndiko zvinangwa zvayo zvishande basa, uye nyaya - the raora yeruzivo yawana.

The chinhu uye nyaya dzidziso wehurumende uye mutemo: ukama matambudziko

Pasi chinangwa nesayenzi (mu Kazhinji) vanoziva zvechokwadi chaihwoihwo dziri kudzidza, uye chiripo tisingatungamirirwi pfungwa dzevanhu. Chinhu yakakura pfungwa pane nhau, iyo, chokwadi, zviri chikamu instantiated. Nevamwe sainzi chidzidzo anoita chaizvo uye hurumende. Zvisinei, vane nyaya yakasiyana. Ivo chaicho chikamu ehurumende-pamutemo chokwadi.

The masanga yacho chinhu uye nyaya kunogona pamwe kutsanangurwa ndechokuti mabhora ose oupenyu hwemazuva ano (pakunamata, zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika) vane hama rusununguko. In upenyu chaihwo, vanonyatsotevera dyidzana uye bindepinde, uye saka zvakaoma kusiyanisa. Izvi zvinhu ndiyo chinhu uye nyaya nesayenzi.

Dzidziso State uye Mutemo - asiwo inyaya. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kusiyana kuripo panguva imwe chete. Somunhu sainzi, ndiwo kwegadziriro ruzivo pamusoro mutemo uye mamiriro, rwakadzama, zvivako zvinokosha, uye ukama nevamwe mananara uye nesayenzi. Kana tiri kutaura nezvenyaya yacho yacho, zviri kwegadziriro zivo inodiwa kuti mberi kudzidza Chiitiko pakati paruzhinji-pamutemo hunhu.

kwevari TGP

In ose sainzi pane 2 nhanho: empirical uye yokungotaura. Yokutanga ndeyokuziva zvimwe zvinhu (data, mashoko) somugumisiro kwesainzi. Zvisinei, havasi vose zvinokosha nesayenzi. Kukosha, avo vari zvichishandurwa, zvaizoita panyaya imwe dzidziso chete.

Saka, ufanane empirical pasina yokungotaura hahugoni kuvapo, vari pedyo pedyo zvinodyidzana. Ekupedzisira ndiwo kwegadziriro ruzivo pamusoro pemitemo dziri yakatsiga uye zvakadzama noushamwari uye zvivako zviri zvinhu pasi kudzidza, izvo akapfupikisa yaiva muzvikwata zvesayenzi uye pfungwa.