Chirongwa mamiriro muna Pascal: zvirongwa nokuti beginners

Chinonyanya inokwanisika zvirongwa mutauro beginners ndiye Pascal. Izvi imhaka kanenge chokuti akadzidza pamatunhu zvikoro, uyewo freshman chesekondari. Rinoshandiswa senzira muzinda kukura mimwe mitauro yakawanda. Zvisinei, sezvo chinoumba kuti kukura kwayo musoro kushandisa zvino sezvo hwokugadzira chaanopa hwaenda mberi.

Zvino pane mari yakawanda kuti vanochengeta nemarongerwo. Vakasiyana chete svikiro zvirongwa mutauro akadai Pascal. Chirongwa mamiriro achaitwa akadzidza munyaya. Kazhinji, kujairirana mapurogiramu kunotanga chirongwa "Hello, nyika!".

munhoroondo mutauro

Pascal akauya chiedza muna 1970 yakafanira, oddly zvakakwana, Niklaus Wirth. zita mutauro kupiwa rukudzo Blaise Pascal - munhu mukuru anobva kuFrance. Izvi anoruramiswa ndechokuti musayendisiti akasika muchina nyika yokutanga kuti akakwanisa kuwedzera uye bvisa nhamba.

Language budiriro akanga akatakurwa kubva 1968 kusvika 1969. Wokutanga kutaurwa akazviratidza muna 1970. The musiki, aendesa "mwana" wake, akaisa pfungwa manyorero zvirongwa, uyewo mashoko mukova muna Pascal. nemamiriro chirongwa yavewo yakataurwa Wirth. It ane nyore nemarongerwo uye semantics. Direct "muzukuru" Pascal ari mutauro "Modula-2." yokuvaka Its rave kuva Wirth.

girama mitemo

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hazvina kudaro zvakaoma chirongwa mutauro uyu chivako. Munyori Pascal vakaisa kushandiswa huru nhatu chete - rokuremekedza, description, uye opareta.

1. Title. Pano unofanira kutaridzwa zita purogiramu, asi chinhu chacho haisi guru. Zvinonzi wakasika chete kana yokuvaka achida. Maererano mukuru zvakadini izvozvo zvinoenderana zvirongwa kwezvakatipoteredza. In Turbo Pascal hakudi nayo. Asi panguva paEti zviri fanira kusika tambo. Use akabvumira chete alphanumeric vatambi uye chinosimbisa "_".
2. Description. Chikamu ichi rinodonongodza zvinowanikwa variables zvose (arrays), zvisiri, uye zvichingodaro. D.
3. Operator. muna Pascal chirongwa mamiriro rinosanganisira tsanangudzo dzaishandisa ari PANOTANGIRA-MUGUMO mumabhuraketi.

Sei vachava mune imwe mutsetse, hazvina basa. Chinhu chikuru - yapera chikwata chimwe nechimwe kuisa chinokosha hunhu - munhu semicolon. Mukuwedzera, mutauro ndiyo nyaya hanya: hapana musiyano pakati gat opareta, uye hadde var.

Nemarongerwo uye Semantics

Central nebasa arufabheti anotamba pamwe zvirongwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Yeuka kuti inoitwa:

• vatambi Latin, zvose uppercase uye lowercase;
• nzvimbo;
• Anosimbisa;
• Arabic digits mhando;
• kwemasvomhu zviratidzo;
• limiters (zvavo pakarongwa kupinda nguva, koma, etc ...);
• specifiers;
• ebetsero Mashoko (dzaishandisa).

Mamiriro purogiramu iri Turbo Pascal haana kusiyana maumbirwo PascalABC. The musiyano pakati zvokunze data, hapana zvakawanda. Inotaridza zita shanduka, uye dzimwe mhando, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti zita haafaniri kutanga digit, imwe chinosimbisa hunhu anogona kuva chero nzvimbo, asi kubva nearufabheti zviratidzo vanobvumirwa kushandisa chete tsamba rechiLatin arufabheti.

Comments kuti mitsetse kana kufamba ndakaisa simbi mumakumbo kana kumativi ane asiterisiki (* .. *).

date mhando

Sechivako program mune Pascal, uye kunosanganisirawo kufunga zvinhu, zvakadai mashoko mhando. Ivo vari vatatu mhando:

1. Boolean (vechokwadi nevenhema);
2. Numeric (Arabic nhamba);
3. hunhu (kushandisa A, B, C uye t. d.).

Panguva iyoyowo, wechipiri mhando rakakamurwa Sub-mhando: integer uye chaivo. Anoenderana nedzimwe dzaishandisa: Integer uye Real azvaitwa. Character zvakare rakakamurwa vatambi kuroorwa uye hungiso. Izvi zvinoreva mhando mashoko akadai (mumutsetse wokutanga), nhamba 1, tsamba A kana A, uye (wechipiri) yose mutsara kana mashoko. In purogiramu, akanyorwa pasi mazita Char uye Spring.

Tsika dzinewo pachako kupatsanura kwavo. Vari akakamurwa rusingaperi uye shanduka. Musiyano pakati pavo zvinokosha. Yokutanga inopa kukosha tsamba zvisingakwanisi kuchinja panguva yepurogiramu kuuraya. A shanduka ari basa kukosha muupenyu kushandisa chaiye hunhu - ari muura.

Comments

Kuti vabudirire kunzwisisa zvizere chirongwa uye zvose zvayo pezvakaitwa, mashandiro nemashoko. Ivo, sezvo yave akataura pamusoro, inoiswa rakamonana mumabhuraketi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana uri mutsva kuona bumbiro remitemo. Nokuti, kushandisa pfungwa iyi, unogona kuwana nyore kukanganisa akagadzirira akagadzirwa chirongwa, tinotevedzera chii zvakanyorwa mhinduro. Uyezve, vachabatsira yokuvaka pamwe nguva nokukurumidza kunzwisisa usashandisa remitemo.

Mamiriro purogiramu iri Pascal chizenga achibvumira mhinduro kune humboo mamiriro rinorondedzerwa rechipiri misa. Pane vanoda kupinda wenyaya, iyo ichange iine chinangwa chimwe nechimwe opareta uye nzira rinoshandiswa mune ramangwana.

Newbie kubatsira kufamba PANOTANGIRA-MUGUMO Comment mumabhuraketi vakavapoteredza. Kunyanya zvichava anobatsira mune purogiramu vaifarira zvinogara. Saka zvichava nyore kunzwisisa chii chidhina mashoko ari pamusoro.

Comments hazvigoni kuverenga zvirongwa zvakatipoteredza, saka vanogona kuchengeta chero nhamba nguva uye haana zvakawanda earufabheti nhamba.

nyora

Zvisinei, The Chirongwa mamiriro muna Pascal ine nyora yayo, hazvishamisi. Chinonyanya kushandiswa ndicho chiratidzo semicolon. It anoiswa pashure mumwe tsananguro chinogumbura Label, Type, Const, gat uye t. E., asi chiratidzo harudikanwi pashure zvikuru vakatsunga mashoko. hazvina kuiswa mushure Tanga; pashure KUGUMA rakaiswa chete kana chirongwa ichigere kupera asi. Muna code, apo pane zvinogara uye, naizvozvovo, zvinoshandiswa uye Else Zvadaro, semicolon harudikanwi pashure mashoko aya.

Pakapera purogiramu pashure MUGUMO anofanira gadza pfungwa, zvimwe kuti zvirongwa mhoteredzo haanzwisisi kuti bumbiro rapera.

Data chiyamuro uye goho

Chirongwa mamiriro muna Pascal unokubvumira kupinda mashoko muna nhatu dzakasiyana. Pakati pavo:

• Achibatsirwa Readln dzaishandisa, Verenga.
• With kushandisa basa chiratidzo - muura.
• Constant. Pakadaro, mashoko chiyamuro rinoitwa munyika parameter var.

The mhedziso akawana mashoko anogona kuitwa pachishandiswa boka Write uye Writeln dzaishandisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvingaonekwa chinoshayikwa, asi chete kunoreva kuti yatova kuvakwa muimba kugadzirwa rikurumidze.