Chirwere Stephen Hawking vake. Nhoroondo chirwere Stephen Hawking

Yefizikisi kubva kuEngland Stiven Hoking anozivikanwa kwete chete madenderedzwa zvesayenzi. Vakawanda enzanisa pamwe inozvikudza masayendisiti akadai Einstein uye Newton. Hawking inotaura yokungotaura wefizikisi uye vakashandisa masvomhu, nzvimbo uye nguva yokuti, kuongorora mitemo chinokosha kuti adzinge muchadenga. Stephen musayendisiti simba chaizvo dzazvino, iye misoro Department of University of Cambridge.

Asi nyaya Stephen Hawking - achitsungirira kukunda hosha isingarapiki, izvo anoenda iye anenge yose mukuru upenyu hwangu. Uyu murume zvinoshamisa akakwanisa kuona risingaperi yaibvira pfungwa dzevanhu, nechirwere chinonzi amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Brief Biography of musayendisiti

Stephen Hawking akaberekwa musi January 8, 1942 mumhuri kungova kirasi pakati. Zvisinei, vabereki vake vakanga vapedza Oxford uye vaiva vaiona vakadzidza. Stephen aiva munhuwo mwana, asi mumakore 8, akadzidza kuverenga. The chikoro aiva mudzidzi akanaka, asi hapana chinoshamisa hapana zvakasiyana nevezera ravo.

Achinzwa pamatunhu kufarira wefizikisi, akabatana weDhipatimendi Physics pa Oxford, izvo haana kuratidza kuda zvikuru kudzidza, kupedza nguva yakawanda achitamba mitambo uye partie. Pasinei neizvi zvose, iye akakwanisa muna 1962 kuti kudzidza pamwe tsvimborume kuti dhigirii awarding. Stephen akaramba kwenguva yakati Oxford uye vakadzidza mavara, asi gare gare akasarudza kuenda Cambridge. Ikoko akanga vaiita yokungotaura zvenyeredzi.

Kurwara Stephen Hawking kwakaita akatanga kuti akanzwa kare panguva Cambridge University. Uye muna 1963, imwe mwoyo chirwere aiva jaya - chinonzi amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Chii ALS?

Zviri chirwere ari nechepakati tsinga, iyo zvishoma mberi. It kunoratidzwa maronda ari cortex uye brainstem, uye musana Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu anokonzera kufamba. Varwere tive muviri, uye ipapo atrophy kuti tsandanyama.

MuEurope, chirwere Stephen Hawking kwenguva refu kunzi mune kukudzwa musayendisiti Charcot, uyo akarondedzera zviratidzo zviri pakati XIX remakore. Mune US, maperembudzi kazhinji kunzi Goering nehosha pakuyeuka yakakurumbira Basketball mutambi uyo akafa ALS.

Chinonzi amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - haiwanzowaniki chirwere. Pakati 100 zviuru vanhu vanotambura kubva mashanu. Kakawanda, vanhu vanorwara kubva 40 kusvika 50 makore. chirwere Stephen Hawking vake, zvinokonzera zviri vasingazivikanwi, hapana mushonga. Science achiri havagoni kunzwisisa nei run rufu masero etsinga. Nhodzera wakakurira ingaita vanenge 10% nyaya.

Zvisinei, mukuvamba 2000s, vatsvakurudzi vakafunga kuti ALS Rinobatanidzwa ne kuunganidza muuropi neurotransmitter mamorekuru. Vamwe uchapupu hunoratidza kuti hosha hwapedyo nokuda kwazvo glutamic acid, chinoita Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kushanda panguva zvizere chinzvimbo, uye naizvozvo nokukurumidza kuparara. Parizvino ari kushingaira kutsvaka majini anokonzera kukura chinonzi amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Kunyange akapiwa chokwadi kuti basa rakawanda zvinodhaka kuwana kubva chirwere ichi, zviri 100% kufa.

Zviratidzo uye mukurwara

chirwere Stephen Hawking vake, vane zviratidzo zviri nyore kuvhiringidzwa chitarisiko nezvimwe zvirwere, zvishoma ngozi, ndiye achinyengera chaizvo. Chokutanga, munhu anonzwa vakareruka tsandanyama chirwere (kazhinji maoko). Izvi zvinoratidzwa zvinetso, zvakadai kunyora, buttoning, tora zvinhu zviduku.

Kamwe nehosha anotanga mberi, uye muitiro zvishoma nezvishoma kufa injini Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu pamusoro musana, uye pamwechete navo, uye dzimwe pfungwa kudzora kufamba yokuzvidira. Somugumisiro, vakawanda tsandanyama hapana kufamba pasina kugamuchira nomunhu kubva uropi.

Chinonzi amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, akawana zita raro nokuti Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuti kuitisa nomunhu kuti tsandanyama dzomuviri riri kumativi ose musana.

Kazhinji mukutanga nzendo chirwere vanoomerwa nokutaura uye kumedza. In akazotevera nzendo munhu zvikuru asina motokari, munhu anorasikirwa ake chiso chedu, rurimi tsandanyama atrophy, kune drooling. Zvisinei, hapana marwadzo, haana kunzwa.

Stephen Hawking nechirwere kunyange zvinotyisa, nokuti anoita yakamukuvadza, asi asingaiti kunokanganisa kushanda kwendangariro. Memory, kunzwa, chiratidzo, kuziva, zvishande uropi mabasa kuramba kuchinja.

Chii chinokonzera rufu ALS varwere?

Mumazuva okupedzisira nzendo chirwere atrophy uye kufema tsandanyama, saka kuti munhu haagoni kufema. Kunyange panewo vakadaro kuti muviri haisati kuita chinhu, asi tsandanyama kuti urimowo kufema, kurega basa.

upenyu Stephen Hawking pamwe ALS

Pasinei anotyisa nechirwere, Stephen akaramba achishingaira upenyu. Zvisinei, zviratidzo vakazviitira akanzwa. Uye shure kudzikira Hawking akaenda kuchipatara pakuongorora, apo akaudzwa anotyisa nhau kuti kuchazviraramira kupfuura makore maviri. Pashure nhau iyi, mumwe nomumwe angadai ikawira mwoyo, ndozvakaitikawo uye Stephen. Asi nyota upenyu akunda, uye akatanga kunyora chinyorwa chake. Hawking pakarepo akaziva kuti pachine nguva kuita chinhu chinobatsira, chinhu chinobatsira nyika.

Stephen Hawking kuti urwere hazvina kumutadzisa muna 1965 kuzoroorwa Jane Wilde Zvisinei, kuti muchato wake akauya aine nomudonzvo. Mudzimai aiziva pamusoro anotyisa nechirwere, asi akasarudza kupedzera ake twaunganidzwa hwose upenyu nokutarisira kwaari achiri aigona kushanda zvinobudirira, kuita mabasa zvesayenzi. Vari vaviri vakapedza makore anodarika 20 okuberekwa, akaroora nevana vatatu kuzvarwa. Nemhaka Dzheyn Stiven nguva vakadzidziswa, kunyange achikudzwa hafu mitezo.

Asi kugara munhu chirwere ALS, zvakaoma chaizvo. Saka, mukutanga 90s vaviri vakarambana. Zvisinei Hawking ndoga nokuda refu. Akawana mureri wake. The muchato rwakatora makore 11.

mabasa nesayenzi

Stephen Hawking, chirwere anenge mberi kwake basa chesayenzi, akatsigira chinyorwa chake muna 1966, uye gore rakatevera takatamira haana nomudonzvo uye madondoro. Pashure inobudirira kudzivirira, akatanga kushanda kuCambridge College Gonville uye Caius somunhu mutsvakurudzi.

Shandisa muwiricheya akanga kubva 1970, asi pasinei ichi, pakati 1973 uye 1879 Hawking aishanda paUniversity of Cambridge rorusununguko Zvakarurama Mathematics uye yokungotaura Physics, apo akava purofesa 1977.

Yefizikisi Stiven Hoking kubvira 1965 kusvika 1970, tsvakurudzo pamusoro mamiriro wezvose zviri Big Bang. Muna 1970 iye kudzidza dzidziso mumakomba vatema, handina akagadzira akawanda dzidziso. Somugumisiro ake basa yesayenzi , akaita abatsira zvikuru cosmology uye nezvenyeredzi, uyewo kunzwisisa dzidziso regiravhiti uye dema maburi. Nemhaka ayo zvibereko basa Hawking akava muridzi vakawanda mibayiro uye mibayiro.

Kusvika muna 1974, musayendisiti aigona kuva voga, uye simuka uende kunorara. Vamwe nguva pashure chirwere kumanikidzwa kutsvaka rubatsiro vadzidzi, asi gare gare akanga kuhaya mukoti nyanzvi.

Stiven Hoking asi vakakurumidza kukanganwa kukwanisa kunyora nokuda atrophy tsandanyama maoko. Kugadzirisa matambudziko akaoma uye equations, kuvaka uye kuona calculators aifunga. Akatambudzwa uye Vocal midziyo yacho musayendisiti, zvainzwisiswa nevanhu chete shamwari dzepedyo uye vaya vane kakawanda kuonana naye. Pasinei neizvi, Stephen dictating mapepa kwesayenzi uye hurukuro munyori, asi ichokwadi, pamwe rubatsiro muturikiri.

kunyora

The musayendisiti akasarudza popularize sayenzi uye muna 1980 vakatanga kushanda mubhuku, iyo vanoda "A Brief History of Time." Rinotsanangura hunhu yacho, nguva uye nzvimbo, dzidziso makomba vatema uye Big Bang. Author Dzivisa kunzwisisa kwemasvomhu mashoko uye equations, achitarisira kuti vanhuwo zvavo vachava kufarira bhuku. Uye zvakaitika. Steven uye vaitarisira kuti basa rake vaizova nevakawanda zvakadaro. Muna 2005, Hawking akanyora bhuku rechipiri, uye akachipa zita "A Briefer History of Time." Zvinonzi yakatsaurirwa ichangobva kuitika mumunda yokungotaura yezvenyeredzi.

Kukurukurirana pamwe kunze nyika uchishandisa nzira

Muna 1985, Hawking ndabatwa nemabayo. Steven chose mbeveve nokuda kumanikidzwa tracheotomy. Hanya vanhu vaponeswe musayendisiti kubva kunyarara. Nokuti kwakanyorwa zvakagadzira purogiramu yepakombiyuta unokubvumira kushandisa Rova zvakasimba munhu munwe mhikuriso kusarudza mashoko kuratidzwa pamusoro tarisisa uye rinoabatanidza kupinda mitsara, izvo pakupedzisira akatuma kutaura synthesizer. Kutaurirana vanhu kuburikidza noruzivo rwemakombiyuta kwakavandudza zvikuru upenyu musayendisiti. Zviri mukanawo kushandura kushandisa equalizer zviratidzo equations pamusoro wefizikisi, zvakanyorwa mashoko. Zvino, Steven akadzidza vakazvimiririra kuti kutsoropodza, asi vaifanira kuita pachine uye kutumira kutaura synthesizer.

Pashure tsandanyama atrophy kuita chinhu chose muzvidimbu musayendisiti michini Switch yaiswamo magirazi ake. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kusarudza tsamba kucherekedza.

mhedziso

Pasinei chirwere chake chakakomba, Stephen Hawking achiri kushingaira chaizvo mumakore ake 73. Iye aizova anovengwa utano vanhu vazhinji. Iye anofamba kakawanda, anopa kubvunzurudza, anonyora mabhuku, kuedza popularize sainzi, zvirongwa ramangwana. Professor kurota aiva rwendo pamusoro spaceship. The chirwere vakanga vamudzidzisa arege tsitsi pachake, nekuti vazhinji hazvina kudaro zvakanaka. Achitenda kuti saka refu akararama nokuda kwepfungwa basa uye runako kutarisirwa zvigadzirwa.

Tinogona kutaura kuti nyaya Stephen Hawking - muenzaniso Tichitarisa kushingaira uye ushingi, vane chete favorite yenyu.