Kupatsanura pakati pulmonary tiibhii

Kusvikira muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, tiibhii yaimbonzi kunzi chirwere chisingarapiki. Munhu vanotambura nezvirwere izvi, kaizoenda. Munguva yedu, zvingava zvinokosha kuva netariro, kuti akapedza pamwe chirwere. Asi ichi handizvo. Gore negore pasi pose, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni mapfumbamwe vari utachiwana tibhii, kunyanya mune underdeveloped munyika. Die pairi vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri.

Noutachiona, kazhinji mhepo nezvipembenene, uye hwakabatana pamwe uwandu mabhakitiriya anokuvadza mudenga.

Kupatsanura pakati tibhii kunoenderana wawo, ari kurapwa mufananidzo, kuwanda, uye zvichingodaro. Zvakadzama, tinofunga nyaya iyi pazasi.

Kupatsanura toredzerwa muRussia

Classical kunotoda kupatsanura pakati tibhii VA Koshechkin uye Z. A. Ivanovoy inobva zvinotevera zviratidzi:

• kurapwa zviri chirwere kwacho;
• ayo localization uye kuparadzirwa;
• danho kuyerera;
• zvigadziriswe okukura;
• kuvapo bacteriological nevamwe.

Inoitwa muzvikamu zvina:

1. Clinical siyana.
2. Zvinoitwa chirwere kwacho.
3. Matambudziko kubva chirwere.
4. Kuchinja mumuviri pashure nokupora.

kupatsanura ichi rinoshandiswa Russia kubvira thirties.

zvekuchipatara siyana

Forms kunobva zvekuchipatara zvinoratidza chirwere chacho nzvimbo unhu kupiwa mamirire chirwere pathogenic muitiro. Kusiyanisa pakati vana kudhaka neTB, tiibhii ari kufema system (nomumapapu, trachea, principales), node nodes, nechepakati tsinga uye meninges, ura peritoneum, mapfundo mapfupa, urogenital hurongwa, ganda, maziso, uye dzimwe nhengo.

Clinical kupatsanura pakati pulmonary tiibhii zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvakadai chikuru tibhii, neakangwara, miliary uyewo muzinda, infiltrative, caseating mabayo, zvemapapu tuberculoma. Ivo zvinosanganisira cavernous, fibrous-cavernous, cirrhotic tibhii, uye empyema. Ngationgororei mune zvakawanda nomumwe wavo zvakadzama, sezvo ivo vari zvikuru kukosha muna TB.

chikuru tiibhii

Pane chirwere kana utachiwana utachiona kwete kare utachiona vanhu, umo kekutanga pane zvakanaka pavakanzwa tuberculin. Panyaya iyi, utachiona anopinda node nodes uye kukonzera kuzvimba yavo. The chirwere murege kuratidza zviratidzo kana, Ukuwo, kuti aratidze kusachengeteka kukuru kuzvimba mumapapu.

neakangwara tiibhii

The chirwere kunoratidzwa ne kwaita vazhinji zvemapapu maronda, kuti anoshumira chokutsva anokonzerwa nhengo dzinobudisa tusingaoneki.

Neakangwara tiibhii iri rikwanise, chirwere uye generalized. Muzviitiko zvizhinji kuderera utano, asi chikamu chiduku vanhu vari Muchifukura chirwere chete pashure kwemutemo x-ray.

zvatichiri tiibhii

Kupatsanura pakati pulmonary tiibhii anotsanangura zvatichiri tiibhii sechinhu zvemapapu chirwere kuti yakabuda kokutanga tikafunga vezvimwe chirwere uye yakaratidzwa rinobatsira kuzvimba kufema nenyere. Dzimwe nguva yakanaka zvatichiri tiibhii kana refu. Zviratidzo chirwere ichi haangavi, saka kakawanda dzakaonekwa chete panguva fluoroscopy.

infiltrative tiibhii

chirwere ichi anosanganisa pezvakaitwa kuti dzakawanda nzvimbo kuzvimba, hunoreva Lobe uye mberi.

Infiltrative tiibhii iri wakatenderera, cloud-, bronholobulyarnym uye anogona kuratidza Lobito (infiltartom zvakadzama, achitora rose mugove). Kazhinji tiibhii kwakadaro kunoitika pasi achinyepera nezvimwe zvirwere, saka zviri here kuita X-ray Kuongorora uye kuongorora murwere sputum.

caseous nemabayo

Chirwere inozivikanwa nokuvapo necrotic nzvimbo mumapapu, izvo havatani kavernizatsii. Ichi chimiro tibhii ndiyo yakanyanya kubvira akasiyana rikwanise kufambira mberi kosi. Hazvina lobar uye lobular.

Zvirwere kunotanga acutely, pane kudhaka, rinowanika purulent sputum zvakasanganiswa neropa. Mumazuva chirwere nechirwere mangwanani kwakaoma, nokuti akaratidza kusafarira tuberculin.

tuberculoma

Kupatsanura siyana pulmonary tiibhii rinotsanangura tuberculoma sezvinoita chirwere pamwe asymptomatic chisingaperi chimiro kupenda uye kuerera. It akatsiga, regressing uye kufambira mberi. Chirwere inozivikanwa nokuvapo nezvishoma kana munhu foci mumapapu ose akapoteredza munyama.

cavernous tiibhii

The chirwere kunoratidzwa pamberi mhepo yokumusoro pasina kuzvimba pamadziro uye nyama yacho mumapapu. Kana izvi zvose kwakabatana fibrosis multiple foci zvokutapukirwa, tiibhii kwakadaro inonzi fibrocavernous. Izvi ndizvo chisingaperi.

Govera mashoma uye zvakakurumbira chimiro chirwere. Cavernous tiibhii anoita mugumisiro mishonga vezvimwe chirwere uye asymptomatic.

cirrhotic tiibhii

Dzinoratidzwa muhombe fibrosis yemapapu chirwere, uko vanoporeswa uye kushingaira foci mhango. Aimbotaura chirwere kuchiwedzera muchimiro kuzvimba mumapapu uye principales. Cirrhotic tiibhii ishoma uye diffuse. Chirwere vanotsamwisa kufema nokukundikana uye kuzvimba kufema zvomukati. Vakachengeta chisimbiso zvemapapu connective tishu.

pleurisy

chirwere ichi ane rikwanise kuzvimba pleura, uye kuva chisingaperi yematambudziko kunobva tibhii. Govera siyana izvi:

• Dry Pleurisy;
• pleural effusion;
• empyema.

Kupatsanura pakati pulmonary tiibhii chirwere inotsanangura zita sezvo kuzvimba kuti kunosvika munzvimbo pleural mhango, zvichikonzera toxicity uye kuunganidza ari pleural mhango Urume.

Zvinoitwa chirwere kwacho

Kupatsanura pakati TB kunotoda characterization ayo kwacho kunobva kuvapo kana kusavapo MBT (mycobacteria) mumashoko akatorwa kubva murwere. Pane zviri kufungwa ya hosha kwacho, uye nzvimbo maronda. Nyatsoteerera pamberi zvisimbiso scarring nharaunda sei.

yematambudziko

In basa nemamwe matambudziko kukonzera zvirwere ndedzinotevera:

• Hawking ropa;
• ropa mumapapu;
• pakarepo pneumothorax;
• fistulas;
• atelectasis;
• pulmonary, renal uye cardiac kukundikana;
• amyloidosis, uye zvakawanda.

Zviratidzo izvi angaperekedzwa chirwere panguva mumatanho ose ayo kukura, zvose zvinoenderana murwere zvirwere.

Changes pashure chirwere

Ndapora kubva tibhii anogona nokuchinja dzimwe nhengo. Somuenzaniso, ungaona:

• kuvapo calcification ari node nodes uye nemapapu,
• cirrhosis,
• fibrosis, chinopedza uye dzimwe kuchinja kufema turakiti.

Uye mavanga ari siyana zvomukati, avo calcification uye zvichingodaro.

Kupatsanura Hwoumambo - Gerhard

Pakutanga remakore rapfuura, kuziva kupatsanura Hwoumambo - Gerhard, iyo inobva dzidziso kuchiita pulmonary tibhii. Chinhu zvakarurama nyore uye rinosimbisa basa kupararira chirwere mamwe tiibhii kushurudzira.

Asi nokufamba kwenguva, dzidziso iyi yave disproved, uye akatanga kushandiswa mumwe kupatsanura pakati tibhii. Tubran uye Gerhard aidavira kuti chirwere rokutanga zvakunoita okumusoro zvikamu mapapu (padariro wokutanga chirwere), uye ipapo chinoita kuti pakati chikamu (Danho rechipiri), vakabva kunokanganisa muviri wose (chikuva wechitatu).

Modern kupatsanura pakati tibhii

Munguva yedu, zvakajairika kuti kushandisa dzakawanda kupatsanura pakati tibhii, iro nguva dzose kuitwa akavandudzika. Maererano naye, nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana tibhii vanozivikanwa muenzaniso zvinosanganisira tsamba uye nhamba. Rakazoshandiswa muna 1973 uye ine zvikamu zvina (A, B, C, D).

Kupatsanura pakati TB maererano dzakawanda kupatsanura zvirwere, vari runotaurwa nhamba. Somuenzaniso, A15-A16 Cipher rinoreva TB kufema chirwere.

Dzimwe nyika vanoshandisa kupatsanura pakati tibhii, izvo emit dzinoparadza uye non-rokuparadza chimiro chayo. Chokutanga chimiro rwuchiwanzwa necrotic layer zvinogona kutama paiva lightweight jira. Pano, pane muhomwe nemabayo, zvachinja principales. Saka, kune dzinoparadza siyana zvinosanganisira cavernous, cirrhotic uye fibro-cavernous tibhii.

Saka, tiibhii nhasi chirwere zvikuru ngozi iyo chinopfuudzwa kubva munhu ane HIV ne kuenda neherikoputa mumate. The chirwere ane dzakawanda uye classifications. Zvinogona kuitika acutely kana pasina zviratidzo uye kutungamirira yematambudziko siyana uye kunyange rufu.