Regressive mutero

mitero All, izvo maererano rinomutsa ane mwero chekawo inozivikanwa panguva nezvechiitiko kuwedzera mari iri pasi mutero ichi, semhosva regressive. Uyu kumbonyanya guru boka mutero, chinosanganisira zvisina kunanga mitero zvose. Naizvozvo, munhu regressive mutero sezvo isina kunanga mhando yakatarwa ari muchimiro surcharges kuti mutengo hazvo kana prices panguva iyo kushanda kana dzinoita mabasa. parameter ndicho chikuru chinhu chinosiyanisa munhu regressive mutero, sezvinoita zvose zvisina kunanga kubva zvakananga mitero.

The mashandiro kuti achitora mitero yakadaro kuti chikuru muteresi pano haisi mamiriro sezvo vakadaro, asi muridzi wekambani kana makambani kuti pave zvinhu kana kupa mabasa. Mushure kuvakwa kugadzirwa kwacho, kambani anotengesa zvigadzirwa zvimwe mitengo kana rates, izvo zvinosanganisira shoma (VAT Somuenzaniso). The kambani anowana zveminda kubva rokutengesa, uye kare maererano ayo saizi, anofanira kubhadhara mutero kuna hurumende. Kushanda mashandiro, pasi chiito iyo muridzi iri, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, anoita somunhu muteresi, uye mutengi - the taxpayer. Uyezve, iyi mutero mashandiro sezvazvakanyorwa Masked nokuda kuroorwa, haagoni kuziva saizi yake chaizvo.

Upfumi chinhu regressive mutero anogona vanobhadharwa zvinotevera siyana:

- ukoshi wakawedzera mutero (VAT). ukoshi iri kuwedzera kukosha nhumbi mumatanho ose kugadzirwa uye okutengesa rikurumidze. Mhosva mutero uyu regressive sezvo iwe mberi kuburikidza nzendo kugadzirwa kwacho zvinhu uye Implementation kwacho kusvikira risiti yokupedzisira mutengi;

- excise basa. mutero kwakadaro rinotarisirwa kuchitendero mukudenga rusarura zvinhu nevazhinji kuparadzwa (zvokudya, mufodya, utsanana uye utsanana, etc.). Nokuti excise uye zvinosanganisira kubhadhara utilities uye mamwe marudzi zvinowanzovapo paruzhinji mabasa;

- Customs basa kwakafanana kuti excise basa chete pachinhu nenhumbi izvo yabva kose;

- ane Environmental mutero (muunganidzwa) rudzi kunanga mutero kuti akapiwa mabasa chokuita ngozi kukuvadzwa yepanyama zvakatipoteredza.

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti regressive mutero hurongwa kazhinji achiipa mamiriro ezvinhu emari varombo. Saka kukosha kuitira misimboti gutsaruzhinji anotanga kutora odhita mari mutero. Chinangwa charo chikuru - kuongorora zvaidiwa tsika uye mitemo kuti pakuverenga mutero chero boka nezvinodiwa nemutemo, kureva Chap. 25 Mutero Code. odhita kugutsikana zvinosanganisira ne:

- ose hazvibatsiri dzemaitirwe mutero ichi;

- kuona mari kuti rirege vanobatanidzwa mutero gore;

- mutero pangoro;

- mari mashoko sezvo kwazvinoita mutero ichi;

- kupatsanura uye hwakadzama mashoko ose mutero munataisireva, kusanganisira vasingabhadharwi mitero;

- nzira mutero mubhadharo kuti bhajeti.

Kuti zvimwe vasanyanya kwoutsinye migumisiro regressive wemuTesitamende rinonyanya havaratidzi akadzivirira akaturikidzana vokuparidzira uye nacho pedyo musimboti nenhungamiro gutsaruzhinji, shandisa Proportional Zano raro kukarukureta. Izvi zvinoshandawo, maererano nheyo "marginalist" - dzidziso yacho yeAustria Economist Carl Menger, iyo inotaura kuti chero mari varombo yasara nguva zvakawanda zvinokosha kwaari pane zvakafanana kuti mupfumi.

The mashandiro munhu Proportional kukarukureta kwakadaro ndechokuti kwokupedzisira mutero unodiwa yakaiswa maererano neimwe ukoshi purofiti. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunambwa ndiyo Proportional kuti musimboti hakubvisi mugumo. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya sendarama regressive excise siyana zvisina kunanga. Saka, havana kushandisa zvinhu kusvika, kuti, akaisa paavhareji uye zviratidzo zvinoendesa kune prices. Zvisinei, hazvina zvose kugadziriswa, sezvo richishandiswa panguva musimboti proportionality uye nheyo vachitamba nemiganhu hazvibviri. Chokwadi ndechokuti vane nzira iri, prices aya kwaita equalized.