Chuvash enlightener Ivan Yakovlev: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Chuvash enlightener Ivan Yakovlev akaberekwa musi waApril 25, 1848 mumusha nhata-Cats Novotimbaevo muna Simbirsk. Akanga ari mwanakomana murombo murimi mudiki, uye mune mangwanani zvikuru zera, yakasiyiwa isina vabereki. Nherera mwana wokurera mhuri Chuvash Pakhomov kubva chete musha.

makore okutanga

The mukomana rombo kuwana dzidzo, izvo mune ramangwana kuchaita iye kwete chete kutanga basa, asi kuita kudzidzisa vanhu pamusoro Volga nharaunda. Muna 1856, mukomana akaenda kudzidza pachikoro iri pedyo nomusha Buinsk eruwa.

Ivan Yakovlev Yakasvika nekuvongwa mirau zvakabuda chairo sangano mhosva dzidzo varimi nherera. Agricultural School rakapera muna 1860. It Ivan Yakovlev aiva mudzidzi yakanakisisa. Natural mano nounyanzvi akamutendera kuenda kuchikoro muruwa amachinda guta Simbirsk, uye ipapo vari munharaunda kusekondari.

Kujairirana tsika Chuvash

Yakovlev aiva mukirasi vaiongorora. Ndapedza chesekondari, akashanda kwemakore mana dzakagadzirirwa yavo Simbirsk zvakananga muhofisi. Ari kumaruwa merschikom, wechiduku Ivan Yakovlev akafamba chizvarwa kwete chete, asiwo yakavakidzana Kazan uye Samara province. Vatariri haridzimi pasina. Kushanyira musha uye nokuzivana veko nani vakaziva pachivakwa upenyu, tsika uye upenyu chavagari of Volga nharaunda, pakati pavo vakanga Russian, Tatars, Chuvash uye Mordovian.

Panguva iyoyo munyika vechiduku Yakovlev, zvakasimba kufurirwa akarurama pfungwa 60s. XIX remakore. Zvichitevera Zvinorairwa izvi, akasvika pakugumisa kuti chizvarwa Chuvash vanhu vachida dzidzo, nhanganyaya Russian tsika uyewo kudzidza kuverenga nokunyora. Muna Volga mudunhu pamwero nokuparadzirwa kwayo kwakanga chaizvo pasi tichienzanisa guru. Ivan Yakovlev aidavira kuti, kuitira kuvandudza upenyu ari Chuvash, vaisafanira kushandisa ropa nokumukirana nemagariro nenyonganyonga. Zvaringana kujekesera vanhu uye kuti recreate tsika nemagariro avo.

mudzidzisi

Kuti dzika ake urongwa Yakovlev akava muperekedzi mari. Zvisinei, basa iri rakanga risiri rake guru basa. Mari kubva chidzidzo rinotanga mudzidzisi akatanga kupedza pamusoro sangano uye zviri chikoro chavo private pachake Chuvash vana.

In Danho ichi pakutanga, huru shamwari uye bhururu mudzidzisi aiva countryman ake Aleksey Rekeev. Paaibuda mazano uye zvinotarisirwa kuti akanga Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev. Biography vadzidzisi yakaratidza kuti chido chavo kuti kudzidzisa vana kubvira mumatunhu akanga kwete pfupi kufarira wechiduku - vari chaizvoizvo vakazvitsaurira kuna chinangwa ichi nokuda hwavo.

Supporters

Yakovlev ane chinokosha rutsigiro Ilya Ulyanov - the wezvikoro kwezvirongwa zvikoro Simbirsk mudunhu uye baba Vladimir Lenin vake. rubatsiro yake vakabatsira pakuwedzera duku mudzidzisi wechikoro. Muna 1870, Ivan Yakovlev kudzidza kudzidziswa chesekondari, akagamuchira menduru yegoridhe. Pashure paizvozvo akaenda mberi nedzidzo yavo paYunivhesiti Kazan. Panguva yake kusavapo pamusoro Chuvash kutarisirwa chikoro Ilya Ulyanov. Inspector kwezvirongwa zvikoro akatuma bhuku mudzidzi, anodiwa mabhuku uye kunyange mari, saka kuti aigona takasununguka kuwana dzakagadzirirwa.

The yunivhesiti Yakovlev akasangana purofesa nenyanzvi ngano, Nikolaem Ilminskim. Ake hwakadzama yokubvunza vakabvumira kuti idzva arufabheti Chuvash, wakasikwa maererano necheSalvic Graphics. Ko refu nonoka kudiwa kwayo kuvandudzwa. Zvakaitika ndezvokuti arufabheti yekare, kushandiswa sezvikonzero drevnebulgarsky mutauro Turkic iri yechinyakare, uye rinoshandiswa chete chiduku chikamu vemo.

shanduro ABC

The chidzoke rutsva Chuvash lähikuva haisi refu kuuya. Bhuku rakabudiswa muna 1872. lähikuva ichi uye nyaya yakanyorwa papera Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev akava rinokosha nokuda kukura National tsika vanhu Volga nharaunda. Books Educator angotanga mukurumbira uye akava akakurumbira zvechokwadi. Chokutanga maviri kuparadzirwa lähikuva rakabudiswa panguva mari yake mudzidzisi pachake. Udyire kusarudza mudzidzisi akanga haashamisi vaya vaimuziva zvakanaka.

A yakawanda nesimba, nguva uye nezvimwe zvinhu kudzidzisa vakawanda vakapedza Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev. The Biography munhu uyu zvinoshamisa uye wakajeka, nekuti hakuna munhu pamberi pake haasi kuita zvikuru nesimba kubatsira kukura Chuvash tsika. In 70 ndipo Yakovlev akabatsira wayo muduku uye ouduku nechido nako wakazvitorera chero basa.

Chuvash inisipekita zvikoro

Muna 1875, mumwe mudzidzi kudzidza Kazan University aine dhigirii Munhoroondo uye Philology. Zvino pamberi pake akavhura zvachose itsva kuita. Jaya rikava basa rekuongorora, kuongorora mamiriro Chuvash zvikoro Volga enyika. Nzvimbo yake zvachose dzokugara aiva Simbirsk, apo ruwa chikoro centre.

Panguva iyoyo imwe philologist uye munyori wezvakaitika akatanga zvizere simba nokuda kwebasa inodzidzisa uye pedagogical. Akanga azere mwoyo, kunetseka uye achisangana kunoshamisa nevakuru vemo. Asi panguva imwe pachena nhoroondo Ivan Yakovlev pamusoro nyaya muupenyu hwake kukwezvwa kwaari vatsigiri vakawanda. Ava havana chete tsitsi vanhu. Vazhinji vavo vakanga dzematunhu namachinda avo vakatora mari uye simba. Kunonyanya kukonzerwa mudzidzisi wavo ndakakwanisa kumira pamharadzano Simbirsk Chuvash chikoro. The chikoro nokukurumidza akava munharaunda chinoshamisa. The chikoro akapiwa dzakagadzirirwa vadzidzisi ramangwana, uyo akatanga kushanda yomunharaunda kuzvikoro diki, kubatsira vana Chuvash kubvisa kusadzidza. Kwemakore makumi mashanu Simbirskaya School akabudisa zviuru zvakawanda vadzidzisi. sangano iri dzidzo inokosha Nhongonya Chuvash tsika uye mabhuku.

mabhuku mabasa

Chii chaizvo akaita Ivan Yakovlev? Biography muenzaniso mudzidzisi nguva dzose kunyora murume. Educator aigara rakabudiswa mabhuku matsva, mabhuku, kushandurirwa mumutauro Chuvash unyanzvi,,, uye mamwe mabhuku okurima zvokurapa. Kunyanya dzakakurumbira nyaya Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev vana. Vakanga rakabudiswa sezvo akaunganidzwa uye anthologies, pakarepo kupararira pakati zvavo. Mumwe imba Chuvash apo vana ezero, mabhuku aya akava bhuku.

A nzvimbo chaiyo iri epistolary nhaka Yakovlev. Zvivheneko kunyorerana renyanzvi, masayendisiti, vaimbi, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, vatori venhau uye vaparidzi. Kwemakore makumi mashanu akanyora zvuru zviviri nemabhii makuru. Zvino vose munhoroondo netsika ukoshi. Pamusana kwavari, unogona vakiridza kuti Volga mudunhu mushakabvu XIX - mangwanani XX remakore. Tsamba nyaya Ivana Yakovleva kakawanda ikazobudiswazve muSoviet uye ano yaitonga.

Chuvash mudzidzisi

Chikuru nheyo mudzidzisi aiva pfungwa yake kuti Chuvash tsika anofanira revatema pamwe Russian, uye chero nyaya kupinda kunetsana nacho. Yakovlev vaiona kuti zvido dzavanhu guru, uye ipapo mugovanisi mamiriro haigoni yaishora. Mukupesana, marudzi ose, zvisinei ravo kwemadzinza uye netsika, vanofanira kutora nzira kubatana uye nokusimbaradza ukama pakati pavo.

Pfungwa iyi yakanaka kunooneka mabasa mudzidzisi wacho chokuita dzidzo Chuvash. Yakovlev aidavira kuti vanhu vanofanira kubatana chiKristu, nokuti chitendero aigona kuva rinokosha kubatana pakati vemadzinza akasiyana. Kuti aite izvi, akatendeukira mutauro Chuvash, zvimwe zvinyorwa mubhaibheri, kusanganisira bhuku reMapisarema uye Testamende Itsva. Nokuti chete Ivan Yakovlevich panguva yaakasika imwe arufabheti itsva inobva Cyrillic arufabheti. Uyezve, aidavira kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti zivisa wokuRussia pachena pamwe Chuvash chaicho - upenyu, tsika. Zvivheneko akaramba kudzidzisa uye kunyora mabhuku nokukwegura.

Akafa musi October 23, 1930. Nhasi ndangariro Ivan Yakovlev nerukudzo yose Volga nharaunda, uye kunyanya pakati Chuvash vanhu.