Command zvoupfumi

Command zvoupfumi, yaiva yo dzakawanda, rave kuonekwa sezvo noitika kwavo mugovanisi chimurenga. Pfungwa mureza wegadziriro vaiva postulates pakati Marxism. muenzaniso uyu zvoupfumi yambokurukurwa ne Lenin uye Stalin - vatungamiri Communist Party of Soviet Union. Midzi pfungwa kuenda dzidziso mumagariro pakuva. Implementation wegadziriro Ndiwo nyika Eastern Europe uye Asia rokutanga hafu uye pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

The murayiro upfumi - kwegadziriro zvoupfumi utariri, kwakavakirwa utariri yaro administrative mirairo. Maererano Marxist tsanangudzo, ndiwo mudziyo uyu mhanyisa muitiro kuvandudza mukuru zvakanaka. Muchiitiko chino, pane chinodiwa kwaiva kubvisa makwikwi, izvo kuitisa zvose mabasa bhizimisi maererano nyika chete Rokumanikidzwa (mutemo) urongwa. Development zviri pokumuka kwekuronga chaiitirwa iri dzesayenzi hwaro nehurumende.

Mugore 50-80-ies (ichatonga zvine mbiri rechiKomonisiti mumusasa) pamusoro chetatu vomunyika vaigara munyika kuti vakatonga yaiona-murayiro zvoupfumi. Pakatanga nzira iyi youpenyu yakatanga inoshanda kudzvinyirira kudzidza rusununguko, uye yose zvayo kuvapo Akaperekedzwa zvakakura dzevanhu vanotambura.

Nomurayiro USSR zvoupfumi dzinoratidzwa anotevera zvinhu:

• State Planning Committee akasimbisa kuti kambani inofanira kubereka;
• ushumiri mutsetse anosarudza sei kurimwa yaifanira uye sheedzera mabikirwo, nokuti dzinounzwa mari;
• State Committee iri Supply anosarudza kupona apo uye kunaani kuti kutengesa zvigadzirwa, uye kuti tizive kuti vawane mari itsva inogadzirwa zvinogara;
• State Committee iri Pricing aitarisira kutengesa mitengo kuti haana kumbochinja emakore;
• Muhoro vashandi vakagadzwa neHurumende Committee on Labor uye Mubayiro;
• Kuraswa mari yakanga mumaoko Bazi Finance;
• State Committee nokuti Construction rinorondedzera mirayiridzo uye bhuku kugadzirwa dzichakurukurwa muhurukuro;
• mabhanga ehurumende-muridzi kuisa mari kuti zvebhizimisi aizofanira kutora chete;
• Bazi Foreign Trade zvitungamirire chii zvinhu zvinogona aivigirwa uye izvo zvinofanira chinozoiswa kungobva mumhuri pamusika.

Command zvoupfumi - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, kuparadzwa kwose pfuma, asi mamiriro. Izvi zvinopa zviremera kodzero kuraira kushandisa upfumi mari. Against ichi kumashure, pane kuparadzira nhumbi pachako kushandiswa mune dzinonzi kutanga akashanda hwaro (kana Coupons).

Kazhinji, pfungwa zvoupfumi Kuronga rakanyatsojeka musoro, asi mukati chete zvebhizimisi kana Somuenzaniso, purazi. Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro kuronga panguva senyika, inotungamirira kuti kukanganisa mitemo chinangwa zvoupfumi. Expediently, zvingava chete kuva nguva dzose yedambudziko (hondo, kumukira, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, etc.).

Pakupedzisira, gutsaruzhinji (kuraira zvoupfumi) akatendeukira mwoyo, uye nyika vaifanira kukurira kumutsidzirwa private pfuma uye musika gadziriro.

makore 90 ane wokupedzisira nokuda USSR uye Eastern Europe maererano tinyatsonzwisisa chii kwave kubudirira nokuda kutanga murayiro upfumi. Panguva kuongorora zvakanga Vakawana kuti migumisiro zvakasuwa chaizvo. Vazhinji zvigadzirwa inozivikanwa kbps uye yechinyakare design, saka kwete kudiwa pamusoro pamusika; ya upenyu vagari vavo zvakanaka raiva kuvatumwa munyika kuti vakasarudza nzira pamusika upfumi. The pamwero kugadzira zvekutepfenyura yose yakanga yekudyidzana kuvatumwa muEurope, uye hunhu akanga zvakawanda utachiona.