Concept uye zviratidzo mapiramidhi zvemari. Criminal kuita kuti zvemari mapiramidhi

Mashoko okuti "Pyramid zvemari" rava ndiye nokunyengera nokumanikidza. Zvisinei, nhasi nzira iyi kuvaka bhizimisi kuramba kushandiswa pose. Entrepreneurs vari kuumba nzira itsva, uye chiri haana ichizonyangarika. Ndezvipi zviratidzo mapiramidhi mari? Chii pfungwa dzavo? Funga mashoko.

mapiramidhi mashandiro

Business Building chairatidzika chepiramidhi kunoratidza kunobatanidza vakwanise sectors pamusoro makambani kuti zvinopa kudzikama profitability wegadziriro. Pyramid Zvirongwa zviri nyore: asi vanoita zvitsva vanopa kudzoka musi mari dzokutambura makambani. The yakakwirira padanho kupinda, chikuru mukana kwemubairo. Chinenge Zero mikana kuwana mari kubva kune vari mujinga chepiramidhi, uye ivo, sezvo zviri pachena, vazhinji chemhando purofiti anobvisa uya anomira pamusoro, uye zvichida vakakomberedza pamusoro. Pyramid mubhizimisi haasiye enhema zano, asi nguva dzose nyore. Kunyange glitch duku munyika kungaita kuti yakawondomoka. Kakawanda dhirika kunoitika apo mumwe kana depositors guru shoma vanoda kurega inivhesitimendi.

Pane nzira dzakawanda kuti tinyatsonzwisisa marwiro mari pyramidal zvakagadzirwa: Chokutanga, mabhizimisi vakadaro vangava akasiyana kwesangano uye pamutemo chimiro, uye chepiri vari kuwedzera hurongwa chikwereti - yakareba kukwanisa kubata yakasimba yakadaro, ndipo pariri rinoungana pazvikwereti; Chechitatu, kuti piramidhi anogona kunzi sechinhu nokupi, kunyange zvazvo pane zvimwe zviitiko apo zvivako izvi vakasikwa nevavariro dzakanaka. Asi nguva dzose ndivo nzira kupfuma nokukurumidza, saka mibvunzo pakati vamiririri mutemo.

The chikuru zviratidzo mapiramidhi zvemari

Achitaura pyramidal mabhizimisi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinogona siyana chaizvo, uye pakarepo kuziva vanonyengedza kunogona kuva kwakaoma chaizvo. Wokutanga kupfuura chinokosha chepiramidhi Zvirongwa ndiyo kushaya guru mvumo. All kubhadhara dividend inokonzerwa kukwezvana kuti makambani matsva. Izvi mhando basa iri mukuru-ngozi vechikamu zvose, kunze varongi, asi zvinogona musazvipinze chaizvo kuti makambani, sezvo creators dzakashandiswa izvi nguva dzose pave nokutsanya uye yakakwirira mari. Kuti vimbiso iri kutungamirira chiratidzo sezvo kune pamutemo matunhu mari pane nguva dzose pamutanhiko, saka, inopikira kuvapa. Kazhinji, masangano akadaro vasina marezinesi kuti kuitisa kwema zvemari. Zvinodzidzisa kutengeswa havana kujaira zvigadzirwa zvemari, uye vamwe zvavakaita: migove, chikwereti makondirakiti. Ndichakubvunzaiwo chepiramidhi Mazano ndicho chinhu chiri chibvumirano kuti chiitiko pamusoro pokuwa nekambani investor unowana hapana uye haana kodzero kuti kunyunyuta. Uyewo, pane zviratidzo mapiramidhi zvemari chokuita kukwidziridzwa: ivo vagara chaizvo, dzimwe nguva kunyange rinopikisa kuzoona; nguva yakawanda nesimba musangano mari PR mugove. Kuvanda kushaya chaiye mubhizimisi kana kugadzirwa mabasa, musangano akashandisa kutaura zvavo zvizhinji unyanzvi Mutauro unokura, ivo kusika fungidziro kuti nokungwarira kunyatsofunga uye zvirongwa ukoshi. Chero kuedza yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora kudzidza zvaidiwa kambani pane mhosva wezvokutengeserana muchivande. Vanoita dzinorongwa kuva mhando nenzanga dzakafanana vechikamu zano kuita kukwezva vatambi vatsva. Nekuti ichi havazivi kazhinji kupa mamwe bonuses, kazhinji muchimiro zvimwe kufarira mumabhizimisi - muchimiro anogoverana somuenzaniso.

Dzakasiyana-siyana mapiramidhi zvemari

Kune vashoma kuedza patsanura mari piramidhi kuvakwa. Zvirongwa izvi tichingotarisira vari nani uye modernized, saka kufukidza nemhando dzose sezvisingaitiki mukati chete typology.

Maererano nzira bhizimisi sangano anogona kuziva "mambure" pamusoro chepiramidhi chisingazivi kuita chero basa kunze pamutemo uye fundraising, uye "camouflaged" nokuda siyana mhando mubhizimisi: nheyo, tsvimbo, network. unogona kuudza makambani aya ari chinangwa akataura kuti mari rinoti: Vamwe vanopa zvakaoma uye zvinosanganisira vanhu rakavimbiswa makomborero, nepo vamwe anoshanda pasi achinyepera mari muzvirongwa, yakawiriranwa makirabhu. Vamwe vari yakazonyorwa sezvo kambani kuita kutengeswa chero zvinhu kana mabasa (kakawanda chaizvo nhamba idzi pamusika "Forex"). Pane chepiramidhi, mimicking pasocial zvebhizimisi kana zvisiri purofiti nheyo.

Nhasi, unogona vanowanzoona masangano kuuya kuti pachavo sezvo nevatengi cooperatives kana nzira zvirongwa yepamutemo chikwereti uye chikwereti makambani. Nhasi, anenge mazuva ose pane chepiramidhi itsva, uye avo ruminant mikana yakakura Indaneti anopa. Izvi zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuudza zvirongwa zvakadai pamusoro paIndaneti uye is nepurani. Zvinogonekawo kuti zviparadzanise piramidhi pamusoro nemaune kukuvadza vagari: kune makambani ayo pakutanga vakasikwa vavariro enhema, asi pane guru mubhizimisi mapurojekiti, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti sezvo basa chaiye, asi pamusana zvikanganiso uye miscalculations ikava chepiramidhi. Kazhinji zvapedzisira achitungamirira kwaita "matema" zvemari - buda yakakwirira aibuda oupfumi mubasa racho, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kudzoreka uye kuparadzwa kambani.

Mhando chinokosha ndiko yepamutemo pyramidal hurongwa rinotsigirwa neHurumende, zvakadai sezvazvakanyorwa araira saizvozvo mudyandigere mari munyika dzakawanda. Current pamudyandigere zvikomborero tichiregeredza ramangwana mipiro nevagari akaremara. Pasinei nokuti utungamiri hurukuro pamusoro zvakasiyana mubhizimisi kuti mudyandigere mari, asi avo kazhinji zvinenge hapana, nokuti mudyandigere mutoro munyika dzakasimukira kwava yakakwirira: upenyu anotarisirwa iri kuwedzera, nhamba kushanda-vezera vemo ari kudzikira, saka shandisa mari mudyandigere mari pasina, uye pane chinokosha ngozi kuondomoka date nematunhu.

Advertising uye ushambadzi

zviratidzo zvinokosha mapiramidhi zvemari - rinokosha promotional basa. Makambani aya vanoda nokukurumidza chaizvo yakawedzera deposits, saka vanhu havana nguva kutanga kurayira mibayiro, uye panguva imwecheteyo nokukurumidza kuumba yakawanda mari. Zvinangwa izvi ndizvo muhombe kushambadzira pamusoro mapiramidhi zvemari, ine pachake chaizvo ayo. mishandirapamwe kwakadaro uchiteterera manzwiro munhu; vanoedza takanga tisisanakidzwi ake pfungwa chikamu uye anokurudzira kuita chiito pasina kufunga. Advertising kukurukurirana zviri dzaiwanzovakwa dzakapoteredza imwe munhu, nyeredzi kazhinji kukwezvwa uye yakavimbika unhu. Kashoma chaizvo kuwana vatungamiriri chaiwo chepiramidhi. Mbiru dzose Makavakwa pamusoro kusingaperi mutengi vavariro: anoudza sei haasi kuita chinhu, anogona kupfuma nokukurumidza, uye kupa kujeka tsananguro. Chinangwa okushambadza - kusunda ive nokukurumidza, safunga zviito, uye zvinoshanda zvakafanana waipedza yakaoma kufunga mashandiro. Nokuda zvikaramba zviripo, hasha kuratidzira pedyo kubudirira uye nyore nyaya uye kuti vakawanda kare pachimwe, uye haukwanisi kushandisa, pave kunyanya kudiwa.

Zvizhinji pfungwa inobhadharwa nemasangano, PR-zviito: ivo nguva dzose vane mharidzo yakanaka, chaizvo nenhepfenyuro. Communications kazhinji yakavakwa kumativi imwe muchiso hunhu, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuti afuridzire chivimbo.

ruzivo nyika

Pyramid edu 90 Chokwadi, akanga asiri yakagadzirwa itsva. The upfumi nyika yakanga kare kakawanda runozunungutswa akoromoke mukuru-Profile makambani uye zvinoparadza vagari. Wokutanga munhoroondo muvambi mari chepiramidhi anoonekwa kuti Charlz Pontsi, nhasi chiri zita mhuri uye chiratidzo zvirongwa zvakadaro. Iye muna 1919 akauya kuchitsinhanisa Zano dzakawanda vanochinjanwa Coupons, iyo aifanira kuunza purofiti yakakura. Akakwanisa kuwana mamwe makambani avo Ponzi akavimbisa 45% haibatsiri mumwedzi 3 chete. Akanga asiri kuenda kuita chero Coupons exchanges, kunyanya sezvo hazvigoni vakatsinhanisa nemari, asi chete chitambi chetsamba. Asi zano kushanda, vanoita anongoti havatsvaki kunzwisisa musimboti pfungwa uye vakatanga kuita mari. Ponzi akatanga kuita mari kuti depositors wokutanga - uye zvakakurudzira kuti hype, mari vakadirana. It vakaburusa piramidhi nechinyorwa mupepanhau, apo mutori akawana kuti Coupons yakatengwa pamusoro mari inenge yashandiswa, zvinofanira kuva kupfuura zvinogoneka muviri kakawanda. Vanoita vakamhanya nokuda mari, kambani amira mabasa. Ponzi nhoroondo mari wawanikwa, zvange yakakamurwa pakati vakaurayiwa. Vakakwanisa kupora vanenge 40% kubva oupfumi dzavo, uye kuti akanga asiri yakaipisisa nyaya kuitika munyaya.

Pashure paizvozvo, nyika mari aiziva zvakawanda chepiramidhi zvirongwa. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vakava zano Lu Perlmana, Stanford International Bank, kambani L & G uye Yingkou Donghua Trading, svosve papurazi V. Phan nevamwe vazhinji.

Mumwe mapiramidhi pakukura, akasika munhu centenarians B. Madoff muUnited States. boka rake kwainzi vanobudirira mubhizimisi mapurojekiti, akauisa mari pano chaizvo anozivikanwa vanhu vazhinji zvikuru mabhanga zvenyika. Kwemakore 20, Madoff akakwanisa yokufudza, achipa kufarira nokuda dzose inivhesitimendi. It zvose zvapera zvisingatarisirwi pashure vanakomana financier kuudzwa musimboti boka rababa vavo. Mune private kukurukura, akavaudza pamusoro chakavanzika kubudirira kwavo, uye vakaudza naye kumapurisa. Madoff yave kuferefetwa kwenguva refu, uye pazera remakore 71, akatongerwa kugara mujeri kwenguva izwi kwemakore 150.

Nhoroondo Russian of mapiramidhi

The tateguru pyramidal zvakagadzirwa muRussia akava Mavrodi Sergey Panteleevich. In tsarist Russia vakanga kuduku Pyramid zvirongwa muchimiro mari Kutsigirana ngano mubhizimisi zvirongwa, zvisinei span guru Vasvika. MuSoviet Union makanga musina mukana private mubhizimisi, uye zvichingodaro scams zvakadai pasina mubvunzo. Financial mapiramidhi muRussia maruva panguva penguva. Vanhu vakabatwa ne nyota zvakaoma, uye aibuda vanonyengedza haana kukundikana kushandisa nayo.

Kupfuura nomukurumbira uye pakukura mapiramidhi, kunze MMM akava "Hopper-mari", "Vlastiliny", "Chara-Bank", "Russian House Selenga" kubhengi chekambani, "Tibet". mabasa avo vakatambura emamiriyoni vemunyika. Vakanga akatorwa dzakazadza rubles, izvo haana kudzokera chero vhoriyamu. Zvakaitika 90s nenzwi guru pokuwa mapiramidhi, kutongwa uye kuwana vaishungurudza yose nyika kwenguva yakati akaderedza kukura dzakashandiswa dzakadaro. Asi sezvo 2010s anotanga mudariro itsva munhau mapiramidhi, izvo akabudirira kuonga Indaneti uye youchenjeri Entrepreneurs.

MMM

Muna 1992, Mavrodi Sergey Panteleevich uye mukoma wake mudzimai akasika kambani. MMM, izvo vaitengesa pachake migove ayo uye matikiti, akavimbisa mari kusvika 200% pamwedzi. Kambani chichakusunungurai mutengo migove chero vakasununguka riparadzirwe, vaisabvumirwa. Shareholders usaswedera maoko enyu pamusoro zvinyorwa zvemari achisimbisa kuritenga. A mukutsirani anogona kutengesa wemari uye mubereko. The chikuru musimboti mapiramidhi zvemari - ndiko kukwezva makambani, uye MMM akashandisa mashandiro ichi zvakanaka. Vagari panguva iyoyo yaiva nemari nemafashamo kuverenga nokunyora uye kwazvo chivimbo, uye mune ichi uye taitamba Mavrodi. Makore maviri Kambani richiwedzera uye ndokukura vapfumi, vamwe vanoita nenguva uwane mari uye nokudaro zvakabetsera kukurumbira wekambani. MMM akasiyana rokusika yokusvika kushambadza: a Mini-dzakatevedzana pamusoro Lenya Golubkov uye mhuri yake akava chaiye zvinokurudzira firimu kuti vanhuwo zvavo, uye mashoko okuti "Ndiri - hapana freeloader, I - shamwari" akaenda kuvanhu. Muna 1994 nayo akazviratidza MMM anoti vasiri kubhadharwa mitero, asi Mavrodi akaramba mhosva. Zvose izvi Penina kutya pakati depositors, anotanga mhoromhokwa mabatiro shareholders nokuda mari. Muna 1997, MMM rave richiziviswa kusauka, uye Musiki chepiramidhi akapomerwa kubiridzira. All mabasa MMM kwakakanganisa vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni 15, asi pamutemo zviuru chete 10 aigamuchirwa vawirwa. Damage zvinofungidzirwa pana mabhiriyoni 3 rubles.

vatsva zvinhu

VeMubatanidzwa Indaneti kwaita kuti itsva ose kukura pyramidal mhando bhizimisi. Chikonzero kuti piramidhi paIndaneti kwava dzakakurumbira ndizvo mano kuti creators kuchengeta kusazivana yavo. In padandemutande pane midziyo yakawanda kuti kuchinjwa mari, izvo zvisina kutsarukana kuongororwa ne regulators. Izvi uye kunakidzwa fraudsters. Vakawanda shanduro zvemari namano Internet - a HYIP. Izvi zvirongwa mari vari pa yakakwirira chaizvo pangozi vava kupa paIndaneti kushandisa mimwe mapurogiramu kwemari. Asi chokwadi zvinoitika purofiti kuburikidza kukwezva zvose vatambi vatsva. Varongi of mapiramidhi paIndaneti vanoti kuti njodzi iri zvemano avo hakuna, nokuti nhamba yemakambani vechikamu kuchiri guru chaizvo. Asi nharo ichi zvikasashanda, sezvo chero infopovod anogona kutsamwisa nokutya uye kuparara chepiramidhi. Uyewo ari pomumbure anogona ikozvino kuwanikwa uye tsika yokutevedzera zviri mapiramidhi, dzinonzi pabhenji (kubva pashoko kubiridzira). Izvi mubhizimisi Pyramid rakagadzirirwa vanhu nyengedzeka vasingateveri tarisa uye akatamisa mari. Kune mhando kuti yakazonyorwa sezvo mitambo, izvo zvinopa kuti kutengeswa mamwe mutambo hunhu. Fraudsters ose zuva kumhanya zvose chirongwa chitsva mambure uye inenge nguva kurangwa.

The yakakurumbira Pyramid zvirongwa paIndaneti

The mapiramidhi dzakakurumbira Internet nhasi ndivo mutambo "Manomwe wallets», NewPro uye MoneyTrain, rakapotsa kuchinjanisa «Stock Generation», vakarongwa maererano wakashata S. Mavrodi, muripo maitiro Perfect Mari Liberty Reserve, mari Pyramid WholeWorld uye nevamwe vakawanda.

Network mabhizimisi uye mapiramidhi

Achitya vagari nhasi Havadi kungoita kushandisa mari imwe nzvimbo, saka piramidhi akatanga vanorangana pasi pomumbure dzemabhizimisi, izvo kunyange uyewo haana kunzwisisa chaizvo chokwadi, asi zvakadaro pane imwe nhamba yevanhu vanoda mari mairi. pane zvakafanana zhinji, asi pane misiyano pakati mapiramidhi uye network. Kusiyanisa munhu enhema zano kubva basa chairo, zvinokosha kunzwisisa chii musiyano pakati pavo. MLM mabhizimisi anogara kutengesa munhu chigadzirwa chaiyo. Zvinogona kunosiyana quality, asi nguva dzose anowana mutengi. It hakurevi zvakare huru imwe yokupinda. Inogona kupa kutenga Starter rongedza kugadzirwa - ipapo mutengo vanofanira kunzwisisa uye kazhinji discounted nokuda beginners. Grid Company ane kero chaiyo, hapana dambudziko achiratidza constituent magwaro, kazhinji haringandivanzi pamusoro machinda ake. Mari iri MLM zvebhizimisi kunobva kuedza uye basa mutengesi ari rokutengesa, kwete chete pamusoro nhamba yevanhu zvinobatanidzwa.

chenjedzo mitemo

Kwete kuti uri chiredzo nokuda fraudsters, zvinokosha kuyeuka nyore zvokungwarira. Hatifaniri kukundwa nechipikirwa inosimbiswa mari munyika mari ano hapana chinoratidza. unofanira kufungidzira uwandu "kumusoro" mhosva kana kubatana affiliate purogiramu. The zvokutengeserana Makambani asingaiti kupfuudza 5% kana yechivimbiso chimwecho wekubatsira 10% kana kupfuura, zvinofanira yazivisa. Pose mokumbotambudzika mari, unofanira kunyatsofunga kutarisa constitutive magwaro, kero, uye kutaura kambani. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti wongororo paIndaneti inogona moderated uye kudzora varidzi chepiramidhi, saka regai kuvimba navo tinongoita.

basa

Kana munhu anomutsa mubvunzo wokuti: sei kuti pave chepiramidhi? Zvadaro zvinobvira varumbidze zvinotevera: kufunga mutoro zviito zvavo, uye chete vobva vaita chiito.

Munyika dzese nyika kunosiyana madhigirii kubudirira kurwisa mari kubiridzira. MuRussia, rinopa kuti mhosva kuita kuti zvemari piramidhi. Yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti mitemo kuuya refu nzira, uye chete muna 2016 vakanga pakupedzisira chasainwa Mutungamiri Russian Federation. Mukuru Chirango creators kwaiita bhizimisi - zviri wakanaka. Kana kukwezva vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1,5 rubles, mutongo achava mamiriyoni 1. Kana piramidhi Yakakura mamiriyoni 6, uye kupora achava zvakawanda - mamiriyoni 1,5 rubles, uyewo rokumanikidzirwa, uye kunyange mujeri. The kuoma yokuunza fraudsters kuti kururamisira iri ndechokuti mutemo pamusoro mapiramidhi zvemari anodana, chete zvinotevera 5 marudzi mapiramidhi:

1. Vaya vasina kuvanza zvaari (sezvazvakanga zvakaita MMM).

2. Makambani anomirira somunhu chepamutemo unotsiva Mortgage uye nevatengi nokukwereta.

3. yemakambani kuti vanorangana kuti the pawn zvitoro, uye zvitsva zvokukweretesa Lenders.

4. Companies kuti pasi achinyepera inishuwarenzi, refinancing, chikwereti kugarwa kune anokwereta siyana dzinoda huru kuuya mipiro.

5. masangano iyo dziite sezvo mari pamusika vatambi, kunyanya Forex mari pamusika vechikamu. Uye aya hazvirevi vanonetesa siyana makambani kuti ushande nheyo mapiramidhi.