The Kupindira of Central Bank. Foreign Exchange kupindira: tsananguro, mashandiro

Nhasi, mumwe mutemo akakwanisa Gengi National mari munyika zvenyika, iro hurumende nechepakati mabhanga kune inonzi mari dzakawanda, optimized kuti mumwe kukosha mudzimba mari zhinji. Pashure kusunungura mwero National mari kuti kuyangarara vakananga pachena, unogona kuwana matambudziko ari upfumi. Chii mari kupindira of Central Bank, uye sei voitakura kunze - ichi zvinokosha kunzwisisa zvizere.

Kutsanangura pfungwa kupindira

Currency kupindira anonzi mumwe-kure kutengeserana kana kutengesa dzimwe mari iri Russian Federation rinoitwa nomudzimu Bank of Russia. Bhuku wokumwe Exchange kupindira rinowanzova dzakakura chaizvo. Chinangwa yavo kudzora mwero National mari iri zvinodiwa nehurumende. Zvikurukuru, zviito izvi chinozoiswa kuitira kusimbisa nyika mari, asi dzimwe nguva vanogona nhume kutinetesa.

kwacho vanokwanisa kushandisa dzinokosha simba zvose pamusoro vavatorwa Exchange pamusika seboka, uye mukufamba ane mari dzaishandiswa. Currency kupindira Kunotanga ne Central Bank, uye vose zvavo, ivo ndivo nzira chikuru kuitisa mari nehurumende. Uyezve, mutemo mari ukama, kunyanya kana totaura nyika nyika rechitatu, rinowanikwa pachiimbwa nedzimwe nhengo IMF. Kubatanidzwa zviitiko zvakadaro akakwezva nemabhengi Treasury, uye manipulations yaitwa kwete chete dzeEurope, asiwo simbi dzinokosha, kunyanya goridhe. Currency Kupindira of Central Bank rinoitwa bedzi kupfurikidza risati urongwa uye rinoitwa munyika chaiyo, zvakafanorongwa timeframe.

Zvigadziriswe rokurera richikwidibira yenyika mari

Kutaura zvazviri, mashandiro kuti mitemo yacho National mari iri nyore chaizvo, uye akavaka panheyo "mutsigiro nomudonzvo, kudiwa". Kana zvakakodzera, kuwedzera mutengo mumhuri mari yacho Central Bank munyika anotanga nokushingaira kutengesa dzimwe Banknotes (kunyanya US Dollar), anogona zvimwe convertible mari panguva iyoyowo kushandiswa. Nokudaro, Central Bank akapindira kunotungamirira kwazvo (zvakawedzera zvitengeswa) vemamwe mari pamusika mari. Panguva iyo Central Bank anotenga kumusoro National mari, izvo zvinowanisa mamwe kudiwa payo, izvo akaita kosi anogona kukura kunyange nokukurumidza.

Zvakananga pakatarisana ndiyo inoitwa mari kupindira of Central Bank, nechinangwa panguva kwakaderera National mari, izvo kutanga kutengesa, kwete kuubvumira kukura kukosha. Kutenga dzimwe Banknotes kunotungamirira chakagadzirwa kwezvokudya ari mumhuri kumusika.

Mhando mari kupindira

Zvinofadza kuti kwete nguva dzose Central Bank akapindira kunosanganisira vachitenga uye vachitengesa yakawanda mari, ukuwo zvekunyepera nzira inogona kuitwa nguva nenguva, dzimwe nguva inonzi cheshoko. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, Central Bank kurega zvimwe runyerekupe kana "Dhadha", somugumisiro iyo mamiriro ezvinhu ari Currency pamusika kunogona kuchinja yekudyidzana. Dzimwe nguva zvekunyepera kupindira chinoshandiswa kuwedzera sei iri mari kupindira. Uyewo, kakawanda mabhanga akawanda anogona sangana ravo kuitira kuti vabudirire unodikanwa zvabuda nayo.

Tsika inoratidza kuti utange kupindira kubudikidza Central Banks rinoshandiswa zvikuru kakawanda kupfuura chaivo. A zvikuru basa iri Pakadaro, zvinhu zvaanga kunoita. Chero zvazvingava, kupindira of Central Bank, zvainanga kusimbisa huripo muitiro iri mari pamusika, sevanonyanya kubudirira pane kuchinja, chinangwa chiri kutendeusira payo negwara.

Currency Kupindira muna Muenzaniso Japan

Stories anozivikanwa zviitiko zvakawanda bata currency pamusika. Somuenzaniso, muna 2011, nokuda nematambudziko ari US uye EU upfumi, Japan aifanira kuchinja mwero National mari, uye zviremera zvakamanikidzwa kuderedza nayo. Japan kuti mari gurukota akati kuti yokufungidzira iri mari pamusika zvakakonzera overvaluation pamusoro Yen pamusoro vatorwa mari uye zvinhu zvakadaro hakurevi dzinoenderana mamiriro upfumi. Zvadaro, kwakasarudzwa kuchinja Gengi ari Yen, pamwechete Central Bank of West, nokuti iyo Japan akaita dzinoverengeka kwema guru iri kutenga dzimwe mari. Musumo currency musika tiririyoni Yen zvakabatsira kuderedza ayo mwero 2%, uye yokufudza upfumi.

Kushandiswa zvireruke muRussia

Muenzaniso unoshamisa kushandisa mari zvireruke muRussia anogona kuonekwa kubvira 1995. Kusvikira nguva ino Central Bank vakatengesa dzimwe mari nokuda murau pamusoro Ruble, uye muna July 1995, nheyo yacho Gengi bhendi wakatangwa, maererano izvo kukosha National mari inofanira kuchengetedzwa mukati ushandiswe muganhu uye imwe nguva. Zvisinei, kuchinja nyika mari kubudikidza 2008, makaita muenzaniso uyu mari mutemo haushandi, ipapo akatanga hunyambiri mari koridho. Panyaya iyi, iyo Gengi yaidzorwa pahwaro ukama yayo kusvikira dhora uye euro. Chero nzira, musimboti bhengi wokumwe Exchange kupindira kuitwa kutevera ichi mari nehurumende.

Events 2014-2015, kukanganiswa zvibereko of Central Bank of Russia mari kupindira, saka, vokupedzisira manipulations ake musapa achida mugumisiro. The vanowira mitengo mafuta, kuti matambudziko zvinoderedza nehwemweya of Central Bank uye bhajeti musiyano pakupedzisira kuti vatorwa Exchange kupindira safunga chakunoreva.

Alternative chinjika zvazvingava

Nhasi, Russia ndiyo chaizvo hakunei yeHydrocarbon kunze kwenyika, izvo kunotadzisa kukura National mari. Naizvozvo, zvireruke mari yakadai, sezvo kupindira of Central Bank, izvo musika ari zvakanyatsorongwa ukaiswa dhora uye euro rinongova zvakakodzera upfumi hwenyika yacho. Zvisinei, muna yezvichangobva kuitika, kana kupindira of Central Bank akarega kupa nokudzora mari National mari, kuchinja kuti kuyangarara Gengi rakatangwa kubva November 10, 2014. Zvino vatorwa Exchange kupindira kuitwa chete asina mhosva.

Zvichida, munyaya ino, dzoga mhinduro yomubvunzo ane chii Gengi of Central Bank akapindira, saka endai zvikuru kwazvo kupinda nezvehukorokodzwa zviridzwa zvemari uchakomborerwawo.