Current uye wakaderera Icelandic kuputika

Nokuti vanhu vazhinji, pfungwa "Volcano" rine chokuita refu, kubva kumusoro iyo gasi chinonzvenga kudenga Fountain, dota moto, uye mawere azara tsvuku-inopisa dhaka. Irish anoputika pamusoro Classic somwana muduku. Akareba vari ruzhinji hadzisi hunoshamisa. Chete vamwe "vakadarika" mucherechedzo 2 km, vamwe vari kuchengeta mukati 1-1.5 km uye vazhinji kunyange zvishoma. Somuenzaniso, hverfjall, Eldfedl, Surtsey haawanzotauri achawira pfupi kureba anoverengeka zana metres, tsvaka mamwe akafanana zvavo zvikomo. Asi izvi zvisikwa zvinoita murunyararo uye yakachengeteka aMai Nature, chokwadi unogona kuunza dambudziko hapana zvishoma pane yakakurumbira Mount Etna kana reVesuvius. Tinopa kuziva navo uye Ngatitange kubva kunyika yavo.

The chitsuwa chakakomba

Nature anoda isingatarisirwi. Somuenzaniso, chitsuwa Iceland, iye akasika, kukwidza gungwa iri Mid-Atlantic Ridge, iri panguva nzvimbo chihombe tectonic suture. Ake lithospheric ndiro, rimwe riri hwaro Eurasia, uye yechipiri - muNorth America, kusvikira zvishoma nezvishoma diverge, nokudaro kukurudzira simba kunoita Icelandic pagomo rinoputika. Zviduku kuputika kuri kuitika pamusoro pamakore 4-6.

The okunze Iceland, vakapiwa napedyo yawo nzvimbo kuti kweArctic Circle, anogona kunzi nyoro. Aidziya zhizha pano Zvisinei, zvikasaitika. Asi dzechando noutsinye uyewo vari zvisingawanzoitiki, asi yakawanda kunayisa Falls. Zvinoita sokuti zvinoshamisa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kuti siyana zvinomera kuti vanofanira kuva pano buyat masimba zvakazonaka. Asi chokwadi 3/4 pachitsuwa chacho ari matombo rwenze, mune dzimwe nzvimbo yakafukidzwa mosses uye isingawanzowanikwi miriwo. Mukuwedzera, ari 103 000 mativi makiromita anenge 12,000 inogarwa mazitombo echando. Heunoi dzinongoitika nzvimbo yakapoteredza Icelandic gomo nokushongedza dzakatenuka dzavo. Kuwedzera inooneka ziso, vakakomba chitsuwa yakawanda anoputika, kuchizvivanza paiva nechando yomugungwa mvura. All pamwe chete ivo kuverenga anenge zana namakumi mashanu, kusanganisira 26 kushanda.

Geological zvinhu

Maumbirwe Icelandic anoputika vari yakawandisa nhoo. Zvinoumba mvura dhaka kakawanda ku penyika pasi menyika. dombo izvi idzodzo vane chimiro convex nhoo ine zvakanaka zvinyoronyoro dzakatenuka. misoro yavo korona craters, uye kazhinji unonzi Caldera vaimiririra makuru nembiya ane zvakawanda kana zvishoma sandara nechepasi uye masvingo payakakurudzirwa kuputsa. Caldera dhayamita akayera muna makiromita, uye kukwirira masvingo - mazana mamita. Shield anoputika vanowanzotevedzera bindepinde nokuda kudira izvi dhaka. Zvinoguma yakakura kuputika nhoo, iyo akacherechedza pachitsuwa Iceland. Ivo vanoumbwa zvikurukuru pamusoro basaltic mabwe kuti akanyauka akatambanudza semvura.

Kunze nhovo, muna Iceland imomo stratovolcanoes. Ava vane chimiro cône pamwe steeper dzakatenuka sezvo dhaka erupting yavo viscous, solidifies nokukurumidza, asati teura nokuda makiromita akawanda. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ichi mhando anozivikanwa inotungamirwa rinoputika Hekla Iceland kana semuenzaniso Askja.

By nzvimbo kusiyanisa pamusoro pemvura uye pasi-chando dombo idzodzo, uye "vapenyu" - wakaderera uye tichishingaira. Uyezve, pane zvakawanda duku madhaka anoputika rusingadzorwi, tichingorutsa dhaka haachipo, uye magasi uye tsvina.

"Gateway kuGehena"

Saka zita rokuti rinoputika kumaodzanyemba Iceland, yainzi Hekla. Iye anonzi chimwe chezvinhu vanoshingaira kubvira kuputika kuitika anenge ose 50 makore. Last nguva zvakaitika pakupera February 2000. Hekla anotarisa rakaisvonaka chena cône, kumhanyira kudenga. In chimiro chiri stratovolcano, uye pezvawakaita ndiwo regomo siyana, izvo kunosvika 40? Km. Zvose ichisimudza, asi anoratidza chikuru basa munharaunda yacho mutswe Geklugya kureba 5.500 m, muridzi ne Hecla. Tiine Iceland shoko iri rinogona kushandurudzwa se "Hood uye nejasi." Ndiro zita rinoputika chaiva chokwadi kuti pamusoro wayo rinowanzoshandiswa yakafukidzwa namakore. Zvino mujinga Hekla anenge upenyu, asi kamwe vakanga pamiti, uswa rioted. Kasiri kare, nyika yakatanga kushanda kudzorerwa ichi rinoputika fauna of, kunyanya nemikonachando uye birches.

Of zvizivikanwe nemichina basa munharaunda vakaramba aitambura Iceland. Mount Hekla rinoputika (maererano masayendisiti) vachishingaira akasvipira mumwe kunze dhaka pamusoro pepasi atova makore 6600 okuberekwa. Nokudzidza kuputika strata, seismologists vakawana kuti nezvirwere rakasimba zvakaitika pano penguva kubva 950 1150 wacho. BC. By kwazvo nemadota vabudiswa mumhepo kana akapiwa 5 pfungwa kubva 7 zvinoita. Simba nezvirwere kwakanga kwakadaro kuti makore mashoma akadonhedza mhepo tembiricha iri Northern Hemisphere the Earth. Dangwe rakanyorwawo kuputika pa Hekla kwakaitika muna 1104, uye wakarebesa - muna 1947. Akazosvika kupfuura gore. Kazhinji kuputika Hekla zvose akasiyana, vose zvakasiyana. Muenzaniso pano, mumwe chete - Kureba rinoputika akarara, zvikuru kwakapararira ipapo.

Askja

Mumwe "nzvimbo" vakawanda uye anonzi kuti yakanaka kwazvo iri rinoputika riri kumabvazuva kwechitsuwa chacho, vari Vatnajökull National Park, zita guru rechando (the pakukura Iceland, uye wechitatu munyika iri chinoratidza ino). Askja ari wayo kuchamhembe pamupendero uye haina yakafukidzwa chando. Iye hunopfuura ebani pa 1510 metres uye inozivikanwa makungwa ayo - makuru uye duku Eskyuvati Viti, akazviratidza Caldera nokuda kuputika Askja muna 1875. Eskyuvati pamwe vanenge 220 metres rakadzika gobvu nyanza munyika. Viti duku zvikuru - chete kusvika 7 mamita kudzika. Kunokwezva mazana vashanyi kujairika samafuta yebhuruu ruvara nemvura uye kuti tembiricha wayo anogona kumuka 60 Celsius uye haana anosiya pazasi madhigirii 20. Viti girazi rinenge kumativi zvakakwana, uye pamahombekombe yakakwirira kwazvo (50 m) Nokutonga. The angled kuti materu mukuru madhigirii 45. Translated kubva Icelandic "Viti" rinoreva "hero" Ichibatsirwa nokusingaperi-iripo munhuwi nesurferi pano. The wokupedzisira kuputika pamusoro Icelandic rinoputika Askja zvakaitika muna 1961, uye kubvira ipapo iye avete, kunyange zvazvo anonzi musoro. Hazvina unozvidzinga kuti vanoshanyira Askew zvokuti basa kuti pane kunyange yakagadzirwa musango nzira 2, uye 8 km kubva Caldera ndiro akavaka musasa.

Bárðarbunga

Zita Icelandic rinoputika Bárðarbunga kazhinji rakapfupikiswa kuna Bárðarbunga. Chaioneka nokuda Baurdur. Ndipo zita rimwe yekare kugara pachitsuwa, uyo sezviri pachena vaigara munzvimbo idzi, sezvo rinoshandurwa kubva Icelandic "Bárðarbunga" rinoreva "chikomo Baurdura". Zvino yerenje, uye matongo, vachidzungaira pano chete vavhimi asi vashanyi, uye kunyange panguva iyoyo chete muzhizha. Rinoputika Wokwako Aski, asi riri kumaodzanyemba, chete pasi pamucheto Vatnajökull rechando. Uyu hwakanaka yakakwirira (2009 m) stratovolcano nguva nenguva "zvinofadza" ayo kwemakomo. Rimwe remasangano, akapiwa 6 pfungwa, zvakaitika muna 1477.

Wokupedzisira "Wandinyengedzerei" ari Icelandic rinoputika Bárðarbunga zvakaipisisa achirohwa tsinga vagari chitsuwa, kunyanya vendege vashandi. Muna 1910 paiva kuputika, asi kwete simba kunyanya, ipapo gomo rava vadzikama. Zvino, pashure anenge zana apfuura, dzinoti muna 2007, seismologists vakacherechedza ayo zvakare basa, ndiko kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. vawane kunonyanyisa nokumirira kubva miniti kuti miniti.

kufekuka

Mukutanga kwezhizha 2014 zviridzwa yakanyorwa zvinokosha kufamba muna magma mukamuri Bárðarbunga. August 17, rinoputika nzvimbo nzvimbo yakaitika chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine simba 3.8 pfungwa, uye pamusoro rechi18 Huru yakawedzera kusvika 4.5 points. Akanga akaita nechimbichimbi kubvisa vagari mumaguta pedyo uye vashanyi, chakavhara migwagwa chikamu, yakazivisa yero code for vendege. Kuputika ari Icelandic rinoputika Bárðarbunga akatanga yechi23. Color romutemo rakanga pakarepo rakachinjwa tsvuku, Flights zvose pamusoro munharaunda rakarambidzwa. Nepo chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine simba 4,9-5,5 pfungwa mberi, kunyanya pangozi nokuda ndege haana, uye manheru bumbiro ruvara yakachinja kuva Orange. 29, magma akaonekwa. It rakateurwa kubva mwena dzemabota uye kuparadzira kurutivi Aski wakatizve achibva rechando. Color remitemo akamutswazve kuti tsvuku, vakadzivira voos zvose pamusoro rinoputika, iro yekudyidzana kuoma basa vendege. Sezvo magma vachiparadzira murugare Manheru 29th ruvara remitemo zvakare akatura kuna Orange. On August 31 pa7 am kubva kare kuzomukazve mhosva magma hukawira nesimba rakawedzerwa. Noupamhi kuyerera waro uchibata 1 km uye kureba - 3 km. Code anotendeuka tsvuku zvakare uye zvakare manheru wakawira Orange. In mweya iyi, nezvirwere kusvikira pamugumo February 2015, pashure iro rinoputika yakatanga kubatwa nehope. Mushure memazuva 16 vashanyi vakamhanya pano zvakare.

Eyjafjallajökull

Nemazvo kureva zita Icelandic rinoputika anogona 0,005 chete% pakati earthlings. Eyjafjallajökull - chinhu pedyo "wechokwadi" ari Russian shanduro. Kunyange zvazvo rinoputika ichi iri kumaodzanyemba chitsuwa (125 km kubva Reykjavik), yakanga yakafukidzwa imwe rechando, akapa zita chete kunzwisisa. Ice nzvimbo inopfuura 100 akaenzana makiromita. Pamusoro ndiye anokonzera rwizi Skougau, uye chete pazasi Pazvinoitika pasi rikwezve kuti vashanyi nemapopoma skógafoss Kvernyuvoss. More zvichidzika chinokosha kuputika pamusoro Icelandic rinoputika Eyjafjallajökull chakaitika 1821. Kunyange zvazvo kwacho kwakatora anenge 13 mwedzi, dambudziko, kunze thawing pamusoro rechando, kwete vangarwirwa, kubva kwayo kuchinyanya haana pfuura 2 points. rinoputika ichi kwainzi saka vakavimbika kuti wokumaodzanyemba kwayo kumugumo kunyange akavamba musha skógar. Uye pakarepo, muna March 2010, Eyjafjallajökull zvakare ndapepuka. Nechokumabvazuva paiva 500-mutinhimira kusanzwana, iro mhepo akabhururuka dota makirabhu. Zvakanga ne mangwanani May. Panguva ino, kusimba nezvirwere yakasvika 4 pfungwa. Zvino rinoputika mawere akafukidzwa pasina chando, uye zvinomera zvakasvibirira. Vakawanda vanofarira, uko guta Icelandic riri pedyo Volcano Eyjafjallajökull. Pane chinogona kutaurwa skógar musha, rinosvika vanhu vakawanda 25. Next anouya musha Holt, uye ipapo Hvolsvyulur Selfoss muguta, riri mugomo anenge 50 km.

Katla

rinoputika ichi riri 20 chete? km kubva Eyjafjallajökull zvikuru chipatapata. kukwirira kwayo kuri 1512 metres, uye kakawanda kwemakomo - kubva pamakore 40. Sezvo Katla pamwe nomungoro rechando Myurdalsyokudl, kwayakaita hwakazara utsotso echando uye mafashamo kuti yakaitika 1755 M uye 1918 m, uye 2011 m. Uye yokupedzisira yakanga yakakura, kuti Akakoromorawo zambuko kurwizi Mulakvisl uye akaparadza nemigwagwa. Masayendisiti chaizvo yakasimbiswa kuti kuputika kune Icelandic rinoputika Eyjafjallajökull nguva dzose ndiwo riwedzere kuti basa Katla. Chero zvazvingava, kwakadaro muenzaniso iri kuchengetwa pamwe 920 gore.

Surtsey

Active anoputika mu Iceland vari chaizvo anobatsira kuti Icelanders. Vanobatsira kupfumisa nyika uye iri yavo yepanyama dzinogarisana geysers zvinoshandiswa kudziyisa dzimba, greenhouses, kushambira madziva. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Volcanoes in Iceland kuwedzera nyika! nguva Last zvakaitika muna November 1963. Zvadaro, pashure kuputika pemvura anoputika zasi-yokumadokero chacho, mutsva nzvimbo nyika inonzi Syurtseem. Akanga yakasiyana hunhu kuchengeterwa, apo vatsvakurudzi chamber kuti chidzoke upenyu. Vaimbove rokutanga upenyu zvachose, Surtsey zvino Anozvirumbidza kwete chete mosses uye lichens, uye kunyange maruva nemiti, izvo zvakatanga nesting shiri. Zvino pano tiri vakarinda gulls, swans, razorbills, shearwaters, puffins, uye vamwe. Syurtseya kukwirira 154 metres, nharaunda - 1.5 q. km uye richiri richikura. Ndiye chikamu kwezviitiko pemvura anoputika ose Vestmannaeyjar.

Esja

Ichi rinoputika yakatotsakatika ndiyo inozivikanwa chokuti panguva chawo ndiro guta guru ehurumende - Reykjavik. Kana kuputika ane Icelandic rinoputika Esja kokupedzisira, zvakaoma kutaura, asi izvi hazvina basa. Volcano ane nhamba kunoonekwa kubva zvinenge zvapo muguta, anodiwa vose vageremo, uye dzakakurumbira zvikuru kuvashanyi, makomo uye vatongi vose utsinye runako hwezvisikwa. Mountain chikuva, chikamu chiri Esja, rinotanga pamusoro Fjord guru uye rinopfuurira kuna National Park Thingvellir. Kukwirira rinoputika - vanenge 900 metres, uye ayo dzakatenuka vari vashoma vane nemiti nemaruva, muri chaizvo wakajeka.

raki

Ichi nhovo rinoputika ndiyo chindori National Park Skaftafell. Riri pedyo netaundi ane nyore zita Kirkyubeyarklaustur. Varnishes dunhu re Icelandic anoputika 25 km refu, zvinosanganisira 115 craters. Volcanoes Katla uye Grimsvotn - uyewo Links izvi cheni. Kukwirira craters vari kunyanya diki, vanenge 800-900 mamita. Lucky mwena nhema kumwe pakati pakati mazizaya - hombe Vatnajökull uye mýrdalsjökull zviduku. Iye anonzi vanoshingaira asi ane kare makore anopfuura 200, hapana matambudziko.

Grimsvotn

rinoputika uyu vertex redunhu randinogara varnishes. Chaiwo kukwirira kwayo hapana anoziva. Vamwe vanofunga ndizvo 970 chete metres, apo vamwe akaisa nhamba pa 1725 mamita. The kukura mwena ndiyewo kuoma kuona, sezvo pashure vari yekudyidzana mumwe Kuputika zvawanzwa. Shoko "Grimsvotn" mu Icelandic rinoreva "mvura zvakawanda zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa". Chaioneka, zvimwe nemhaka pashure nezvirwere kunoitika kunyunguduka zvimwe chikamu echando Vatnajökull izvo vakafukidza. Grimsvotn ndiye anenge zvikuru basa iri Peninsula, sezvazvakanyorwa kusashanda ose 3-10 makore. Kokupedzisira izvi muna 2011, musi 21 May. Utsi uye madota, ribviswe muzigomba, ipapo vapinda denga pa 20 km. Vols vazhinji yabviswa, kwete chete muna Iceland asiwo UK, Norway, Denmark, Scotland uye kunyange muGermany.

The kanyanyisa kufekuka

Lucky panguva yanyarara uye akadzikama. He unotsamwira zvisingawanzoitiki, asi sezvo vachiti, kusvikira. Muna 1783, kamwe zvakare kupepuka Leaf mu Iceland - Lucky - vakabatanidzwa zvoutsinye simba nomuvakidzani rayo Grimsvotn uye inotubuka mabota riyerere yakarova nharaunda. Kureba romoto rwizi vanopfuura 130? Km. Iye, dzichitsvaira kure zvose nzira yayo, ndokuwarira pamusoro imwe nzvimbo 565 km ^2. Mudenga, sezvo gehena, swirled chepfu vapor ose fluorine nesarufa. Somugumisiro, zviuru mhuka vakaurayiwa, shiri dzose dzinenge uye hove munharaunda. Kubva kumusoro tembiricha yakatanga kunyunguduka echando, mvura yavo zvikazara zvose kuti haina kupiswa. Kuputika uku akauraya 1/5 vagari munyika, uye zuva rinopenya bvungapfunga, akacherechedza zhizha zvose, kunyange America, kuti kudzikisa tembiricha iri yose kuchamhembe hemisphere yepasi, kukonzera nzara munyika dzakawanda. Kuputika ichi anonzi kupfuura kunoparadza kuti nhoroondo Pasi-gore 1000.

Öræfajökull

Pano ndivo, ari Icelandic gomo. Kupedzisa nyaya yedu pamusoro nyaya ndinoda Öræfajökull, chikuru pachitsuwa. Kuti ndicho chikuru muupenyu Iceland - Hvannadalshnjukur yepamusoro. Volcano iri mune hunhu chengetedza Skaftafell. Kukwirira vaRafa ichi - 2119 metres, ayo Caldera haisi kumativi, kufanana vakawanda zvimwe zvakafanana masangano, uye rectangular mativi 4 uye 5 km. Öræfajökull vaiona kushingaira, asi kuputika ayo okupedzisira yakapedzwa muna May 1828, uye zvakawanda kusvikira haana kunetsa munhu - mari kuchizvivanza chando, uye rinoyemurwa ayo twi runako.