Zita anoputika. Anoputika Nyika: mazita mapikicha

Kubvira kare, rinoputika kuputika akakonzera chinokatyamadza kwevanhu. Matani dhaka yakanyauswa, dombo yakaumbwa, chepfu magasi akaparadza guta uye kunyange yose mamiriro. Nhasi, makomo anoputika paNyika havana kuva hwakanyarara. Kunyange zvakadaro, sezvo kare, uye nhasi vari kukwezvwa zviuru vaongorori uye masayendisiti kubva pasi pose. Chido kuziva uye kunzwisisa zviri kuitika chete gomo moto-kufema panguva kuputika, sei muitiro uyu kuti kunotangira izvozvo, kumanikidza masayendisiti kukwira mawere ngozi, pedyo mwena, apo hasha maatomu akafanana.

Nhasi, dzezvokuputika kwemakomo, masayendisiti vakabatana munyika sangano (IAVCEI). Zvinonzi kunyatsotevera vachiongorora kuti zvinobvira kuputika, izvo zvinogona vangangokukuvadza upenyu hwevanhu. To musi pane list, ndiro zita anoputika, avo nzvimbo uye mukana inotevera kuputika. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kurasikirwa upenyu hwevanhu, kutama vanhu kubva nengozi uye kutora kwechimbichimbi matanho kana zvakakodzera.

Nyaya ino zvichabviswa zvakabudisa mepu kwenyika anoputika pamwe mazita, munoziva izvo zvavo kupfuura ngozi. Pamwe ruzivo urwu acharatidza richishanda kwauri kana uchifarira zvakaita chiitiko ichi ngozi.

Etna (Italy)

Kwataita, takasarudza kutanga kugomo iri hakusi netsaona. Mount Etna, mufananidzo unoona pazasi munyaya - zvinoshingaira, anodawo rimwe remasangano uye ngozi zvikuru munyika. Riri kumabvazuva kweSisiri, pedyo Messina uye Catane.

basa Its imhaka nzvimbo panguva mhesano pamusoro Eurasian uye African tectonic mahwendefa. In kutsemuka ichi vamwe vanoshingaira nyika gomo - Mount reVesuvius, Stromboli, Vulcano. Masayendisiti anoti kare (15-35 thous. Makore akapfuura) Mount Etna, ane mapikicha kazhinji kubudiswa chaiwo Shanduro, akasiyana putika kwemakomo kuti takasiya yakakura akaturikidzana kuti dhaka. Muzana XXI remakore kuputika Etna kwakaitika anopfuura 10 nguva, sezvinei pasina vanotambura.

Kukwirira gomo Zvakaoma kudoma nokuti ayo pamusoro pfungwa Kuchinja nokuda kakawanda kwemakomo. Zvaitika kazhinji pashure pemwedzi mishomanana. Etna ane nzvimbo yakakura nzvimbo (1250 sq. Km). Pashure lateral kwemakomo kuonekwa craters Etna 400. Paavhareji, mumwe mitatu-mina, rinoputika inongorira dhaka. Zviri nengozi iri chiitiko ane Kuputika simba. Nemhaka ichangobva kwesainzi, masayendisiti vanotarisira kuona nguva vakawedzera basa mugomo.

Sakurajima (Japan)

Nyanzvi tenda anoputika paNyika zvinoshanda, kana vari kushingaira mumakore 3000 apfuura. rinoputika ichi Japanese rinoshanda kubvira 1955. Nderake muchikwata yokutanga. Nemamwe mashoko, nezvirwere angatanga chero nguva. Hapana akabuda dhaka rakasimba kwazvo yaiitwa February 2009. Vagari Kagoshima dzinenge nguva dzose aine mwoyo. Dzidziso akashongedzerwa vanotsvaka kuva chikamu muupenyu hwavo.

Vaongorori vakawana mwena Webcam, saka Sakurajima riri pasi rusingaperi nokuongororwa. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti anoputika pazvitsuwa anogona kuchinja mamiriro enzvimbo. Sezvazvakaitika muJapan, apo muna 1924 paiva kuputika yakasimba Sakurajima. Simba chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine vakanyeverwa nezvengozi muguta, vazhinji vanogaramo akakwanisa kusiya musha uye kutama.

Pashure rinoputika ichi, Sakurajima nezita (zvinoreva "Cherry chitsuwa"), hazvigoni kunzi chitsuwa. A huru chitsama dhaka vakaumba nyika zambuko kuti chokuita mugomo pachitsuwa Kyushu. Uye gore rakatevera kuputika dhaka zvishoma nezvishoma yakayerera kubva mwena. Pasi Gulf wakamutswa ari pakati Caldera Aira, riri makiromita masere kubva Sakurajima.

Aso (Japan)

Iyi yakakurumbira mushanyi nzvimbo yokunyanyisa - zvirokwazvo rinoputika ngozi, izvo 2011 ndokudzinga yakawanda dhaka nemadota, akafukidza imwe nzvimbo 100 makiromita. Kubva panguva iyi nayo akatotora pamutemo dzinopfuura 2,500 zvakaramba simba. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pane chero nguva anogona kuparadza musha waiva pedyo.

ReVesuvius (Italy)

Pose anoputika - pamusoro mumakondinendi kana pazvitsuwa, ivo zvakaenzana ngozi. Mount reVesuvius - chinhu simba chaizvo uye saka ngozi chaizvo. Ndiye mumwe vatatu vanoshingaira anoputika muItaly. Masayendisiti ane ruzivo pamusoro 80 mikuru kwemakomo regomo. The kutombonaka chakaitika '79. Ipapo guta rakaparadzwa rePompeii, Stabia, Herculaneum zvachose.

Rimwe achangobuda kwemakomo simba akacherechedza muna 1944. Kureba gomo - 1281 m, kuti mwena dhayamita - 750 m.

Colima (Mexico)

Zita anoputika (kanenge vamwe vavo), vakawanda vedu vachiri kuyeuka chikoro kwakarongwa, pane mumwe tinodzidza kubva mapepanhau, pazuva rechitatu chete ruzivo unyanzvi. Colima - zvichida kupfuura ngozi uye simba munyika. Yekupedzisira nguva yakagundika June 2005. Zvadaro, shongwe nemadota vabudiswa kubva mwena, akasimuka pakakwirira zvikuru (vanopfuura 5 km). Zviremera Local vaifanira kutama vagari vemisha iri pedyo.

gomo iri moto-kufema ine nenhongonya mbiri conical chimiro. Nevado De Colima - soro pavo. Kukwirira kwayo - 4625 M vaiona yakatotsakatika uye mumwe yepamusorosoro ndiro rinoita gomo .. Inonzi Volcano of Fuego of Colima - "Fire Volcano". Kukwirira kwayo - 3846 M Residents akaritumidza Mexican reVesuvius ..

Sezvo 1576 nayo rakaputika ka40. Uye nhasi, kune ngozi zvikuru kwete chete nokuda vanogara mumaguta pedyo, asi wezvenyika yose Mexico.

Galeras (Columbia)

Kazhinji zita rinoputika ane chokuita zvakananga chete kwenzvimbo iro gomo. Asi zita Galeras haana ukama kuguta Pasto, yaiva pedyo.

Uyu chikuru uye simba rinoputika. kukwirira kwayo kuri 4276 mamita. garo dhayamita - anopfuura 20 makiromita, uye mwena - 320 metres. It riri muColombia (South America).

Mujinga pegomo iri mhare guta duku Pasto. Muna August 2010, vagari akatozotamiswa pamusana simba kuputika. Munharaunda akazivisa njodzi zvikuru. The dunhu Zviremera vakatumira anopfuura 400 mapurisa kuti aibatsira vagari.

Masayendisiti anoti kare 7000 apfuura, rinoputika akapepuka kanenge 6 nguva. Uye kuputika vose vaiva nesimba chaizvo. Pakuitisa tsvakurudzo muna 1993 kuuraya Vanodzidza nhanhatu ari mwena. Panguva ino vakatanga inotevera kuputika. Muna 2006, vanhu vemumaruwa aiva pedyo vave abviswa nokuda ngozi yakasimba akabuda dhaka.

Elbrus rinoputika

Pamuganhu Karachay-Cherkessia uye Kabardino-Balkaria, ari yakakwirira Europe uye, chokwadi, Russia - Elbrus. Kuchamhembe chikamu Caucasus Greater, izvozvo rinobatanidza lateral muhomba. Vulcan Elbrus ane Nhongonya maviri, vane ndezvomuzana chete nokukwirira. Eastern chikamu chinosvika 5621 m, uye kumadokero - 5642 m.

Izvi cône serin'i stratovolcano. Its akaturikidzana vakaumba Rwako tuff mabota nedota. The wokupedzisira kuputika kweGomo Elbrus yakanyorwa makore 2,500 apfuura. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo akatora aripo chimiro. Vashoma anogona pamusoro paNyika anoputika saka akanaka, "chekare" chimiro cone. Kazhinji, asi craters vari kukurumidza ichaparadzwa rikukurwe. Beauty Elbrus anochengeta ayo nguo echando uye chando. Kunyange muzhizha hakurevi buruka nokuti rinoputika rinonzi Minor Antarctica.

Pasinei akayeuchidza iye pachake kwenguva refu, nyanzvi dziri kutarira ayo mamiriro uye ukuru basa, regai kufunga izvozvo nokutsakatika. Vanodaidza gomo "vakarara." Rinoputika riri chaizvo (Sezvineiwo, asati kuparadza). In ayo mukati vachiri kuchengeta vakawanda inopisa. Vari "kudziyirwa vakakwira" anozivikanwa zvinyorwa. tembiricha yavo rinosvika +52 ° C uye +60 ° C. Kuburikidza mitswi panyika seep sulfurous magasi.

Today Elbrus - dzakasiyana dzinongoitika nzvimbo, chinokosha zvikuru yesayenzi hwaro. Munguva Soviet ikoko rwaiitwa pakutsvakurudza uye ikozvino dzimba kuti Geophysical Laboratory, chikuru mu Europe.

Popocatepetl (Mexico)

Ndicho kupfuura rinoputika munyika, yaiva 50 chete kubva muguta guru - Mexico City. guta Dvadtsatimillionny nguva dzose vakagadzirirwa zvashata kubvisa. Uyewo, heyi vaviri mumaguta makuru - Tlaxcala of Hikotenkatl uye Puebla. Vagari dzavo ichi rinoputika kudzikama ari kuwana huta. Choutsi rwesarufa dioxide, huruva uye matombo kuitika anenge ose mwedzi. Chete mumakore gumi adarika, rinoputika rakaputika katatu.

Mauna Loa (USA, Hawaii)

Ndicho chikuru kubudikidza bhuku "gomo romoto" Nyika. Pamwe chete pemvura chikamu chiri 80,000 cubic metres. ? km! South-okumabvazuva Nemikwidza uye pamusoro tiri chikamu National Park "Hawaii Volcanoes".

Panguva Mauna Loa Volcano yaiva chiteshi. Research uye kuramba zvichiongororwa inoitwa kubva 1912. Heano gwenya uye mumhepo Observatory.

Wokupedzisira kuputika kuchengetwa 1984. gomo kukwira - 4169 mamita.

ReNyiragongo (Congo)

Sezvambotaurwa, zita anoputika hapasi ngachizikamwe vanhuwo zvavo vanogara imwe kondinendi. Kubva gomo iri hauzoti zvishoma ngozi. mabasa ayo kuongororwa ne vanachiremba uye nokukurumidza yakashuma rakawedzerwa.

Next pane yatakanyora pasi - gomo reNyiragongo, ane kureba iri 3469 mamita. It riri nechepakati chikamu kondinendi African, muMakomo Virunga. Rinoputika ichaongororwa zvikuru ngozi muAfrica. Neimwe hwakabatana pamwe mamwe makomo yekare Shaher uye Barat. Iye akapoteredzwa mazana duku inopfungaira kuputika pasikweya. 40% vose kwakacherechedzwa kwemakomo riri kondinendi zviri kuitika pano.

Mount Rainier (United States)

Kudzokorora zvatataura rinopedzisa munhu stratovolcano riri munharaunda Pierce (Washington), 87? km kumaodzanyemba Seattle.

Rainier chikamu kuputika chinhu chakakombama. Kukwirira kwayo - 4392 m. pamusoro wayo ine mbiri kuputika mwena.

Tava akasuma yakakurumbira anoputika. List wavo, Chokwadi, kukwana, nokuti, maererano masayendisiti, chete makomo vanoshingaira mune zvinopfuura 600. Uyezve, gore negore munyika pane 1-2 rinoputika itsva.