Anoputika Large: Pamazita

Chii rinoputika? Hot yakanyungudutswa dhaka Rwako, parasikira kubva pasi, uye pamwe padurunhuru gore inopisa hwemvura. The chinoshamisa zvechokwadi zvinofadza, asi kupi zvakabva? Ndezvipi mikuru anoputika kuripo pamusoro yedu? Varipi?

Matangiro uye mhando anoputika

Under gobvu goko ndiyo magma - yakanyauswa zvinhu tembiricha huru uye pasi kumusoro kuvafurira. Sezvo chikamu magma rine zvicherwa, mvura nemhute uye magasi. Kana kumanikidzwa ikava kukwirira, gasi magma rokufurira kukwira kuburikidza simba pfungwa yacho goko. The pose rukoko Nyika rinokwira sezvo makomo, uye pakupedzisira kwatanga magma.

Erupting magma inonzi dhaka uye kudedera mugomo aine buri - rinoputika. Kuputika ari pamwe akabuda dota chiutsi. Lava inofamba ari kumhanya 40 km / h, mumwe tembiricha anenge 1000 Celsius. Zvichienderana ari kuputika anoputika uye anoenderana mananara akakamurwa marudzi akawanda. Somuenzaniso, Hawaiian, Plinian, peleysky uye nevamwe.

Sezvo dhaka solidifies leakage uye seari akaturikidzana, ndinosika chimiro rinoputika. Saka, pane anoputika conical, flat, domed, stratosphere, kana layered, uye zvitarisiko kunzwisisa. Mukuwedzera, vari rakakamurwa basa, wakaderera uye yakatotsakatika, zvichienderana mwero kuputika basa.

anoputika Large hwenyika

Pasi pose, pane vanenge 540 anoputika, nhamba yakatotsakatika zvakawanda. Vose dziri kunyanya Pacific, East Africa, muMediterranean wakapetwa zvikamu. Basa chikuru kunoratidzwa mativi South uye Central America, Kamchatka, Japan, mukuru Aleutian Islands, muna Iceland.

Chete muna Pacific mapazi iri 330 anoputika. anoputika Large vari eAndes, muzvitsuwa Asian. In Africa, soro runoonekwa kuna Kilimanjaro, iri kuTanzania. Izvi angangokuvadza kushingaira kuputika, izvo zvinogona kumutsa chero nguva. kukwirira kwayo kuri 5895 mamita.

Two kuputika nyika huru iri akaberekwa munharaunda Chile uye Argentina. Ivo vanonzi soro munyika. Ojos Del Salado ndiye yakatotsakatika, ayo kuputika kwakaitika muna 700 AD, kunyange dzimwe nguva izvozvo kupotsera mvura mhute uye nesarufa. Argentine llullaillaco vaiona basa, nguva Pakupedzisira dzakatanga chete muna 1877.

The Kudeuka pose anoputika dzinoturwa ari patafura.

Chindori Fire Pacific

Mvura Pacific kuvanza lithospheric mahwendefa matatu. dzokunze micheto zvavo kuenda pasi lithospheric mahwendefa makondinendi. The mukomberedzo yose mapfundo rakamiswa Pacific Ring yeMoto - zviduku anoputika, zvakawanda zvacho zvinoshingaira.

Mhete rwomoto rinotanga kubva Antarctica, anomhanya kuburikidza New Zealand, Philippines, Japan, mukuru Kuril Islands, Kamchatka, rinopfuurira vakapoteredza Pacific kwemhenderekedzo North uye South America. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, rin'i yaputswa Somuenzaniso, pedyo Vancouver Island uye State of California.

Large anoputika Pacific bhandi yakarongwa muAndes (Orizaba, San Pedro, Misty, Kotopahi), Sumatra (Kerinci), Ross chitsuwa (Erebus), Java (Semeru). Imwe yakakurumbira - Fuji - rakamiswa pachitsuwa Honshu. The Sunda Strait ndiye rinoputika Krakatoa.

The kuputika kwakabva rezvitsuwa ndiye Hawaiian Islands. The Kudeuka Leaf - Mauna Loa pamwe kukwira 4169 mamita. The hama kureba gomo rinopfuura Everest uye anonzi chepamusorosoro yepamusoro munyika, izvi kunonzi 10 168 metres.

Mediterranean mapazi

Munzvimbo gomo North-West Africa, kumaodzanyemba kweEurope, Mediterranean, kuCaucasus, Asia Minor, Indo-China, Tibet, Indonesia uye eHimalaya kukwira Alpide bhandi. Apa pane basa Geological urongwa, mumwe kuratidzwa riri kuputika basa.

The anoputika pakukura muMediterranean mapazi - ndiye reVesuvius, Santorini (Gungwa reAegean) neGomo Etna muItaly, Elbrus uye Kazbek Caucasus Ararat kuTurkey. Italian reVesuvius ine nenhongonya matatu. Kubva kwayo kufekuka simba muzana remakore rokutanga AD, guta akatambura Herculaneum, rePompeii, Stabia, Oplonti. Pakuyeuka chiitiko ichi, Karl Bryullov akanyora akakurumbira kupenda "Mazuva Okupedzisira rePompeii."

Stratovolcano Ararat ndiye yakakwirira Turkey uye Armenian rwenze. Kuputika Its okupedzisira kwakaitika muna 1840. It Akaperekedzwa nokudengenyeka vakaparadza zvachose pedyo musha uye yemamongi. Ararat sezvo Caucasian Kazbek, unotora Nhongonya maviri, izvo wakapatsanura Chigaro.

Large anoputika Russian (Donongodzo)

On mundima Russian Federation, anoputika vari Kuril Islands nharaunda, Kamchatka, kuCaucasus uye Trans-Baikal. Ivo pamusana anenge 8.5% kubva anoputika zvose munyika. Vakawanda vavo vari kuonekwa yakatotsakatika, kunyange zvazvo pakarepo kuputika of Vasina Mumwe muna 1956 uye Academy of Sciences muna 1997 kwakaratidza kuti relativity rokuti.

The anoputika pakukura dziri muna Kamchatka uye Kuril Islands. The soro iri yose Eurasia (kusanganisira munazvo) anonzi Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4835 mamita). Kuputika Its rokupedzisira rakanyorwa muna 2013. Negore Primorsky uye Khabarovsk Territories akanyatsojeka diki anoputika. Somuenzaniso, nokukwirira Baranovsky ndiye 160 metres. basa raro gumi apfuura akaratidza Berg (2005), Ebeko (2010), Chikurachki (2008), Kizimen (2013) uye vamwe.

The Kudeuka anoputika Russia dzaitaurwa tafura.

mhedziso

Anoputika migumisiro yezviri pezvakaitwa kuti atore nzvimbo mukati redu. Ivo akaumba mune inopisa makwapa goko, apo nemakwati havagoni kukunda kumanikidzwa kurwisa uye yakakwirira tembiricha. Migumisiro kuputika kuputika inogona kunyatsonanga chakakomba, sezvo ivo pamwe akabuda kuti mhepo madota, magasi, nesarufa.

kazhinji apa mananara kwemakomo vari kwenyika uye zvikanganiso. Ichiyerera mabota tembiricha kwazvo, kuti pakarepo anoita chaivo zvinenge.

Zvisinei, kunze risa anoputika nhaka neizvi chiito. Lava, izvo haana kuuya pamusoro, kunogona kukubvisira sediments, zvichiumba makomo. A mugumisiro kuputika ane pemvura kuputika muna Iceland razova chitsuwa Surtsey.