Dzhon Uotson: Biography, Photo John B. Watson

Dzhon Brodes Uotson - nechipi, akasimbisa munhoroondo mupfungwa muviri. Kwete kare, pakutanga pamusoro XX remakore, nyika masayendisiti akadzidza pamusoro behaviorism dzidziso. Zvino iye pakarepo hwakonzera gakava iri kuMudzidzisi yeChina, asi zvakadaro akaramba achikura. Panguva ino hazvingaiti kusangana vateveri ayo, asi simba behaviorism rapararira kusvika zvose muupenyu, uye ruzivo rwokugadzira kwayo kuramba kushandiswa kwose.

udiki

Dzhon Uotson (1878-1958) akaberekerwa South Carolina, mutaundi duku Travelers Rest. baba vake, Paykens Watson upenyu hwounzenza, nekuti zvakaitika mumba nguva zvinetso uye havana kuzoitazve zvinonyadzisa. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti makore 13 pashure pokuberekwa mwanakomana wake baba wake wakasiya mhuri. Mukomana somugumisiro, akasiya zvokunetseka mupfungwa zvakadzama. mai vake Emma aiva wechitendero chaizvo pachisikigo, izvo zvakaita pakuomerera yokurera vana tsika, uyewo asipo anenge zvakakwana rusununguko rwokusarudza kuti mamwe mazano. Uye kana pane 22, Dzhon Uotson akafirwa mai vake, ingangodaro kuti nyika yaizova havasati vanzwa anokudzwa kwepfungwa kwakadaro, wakati vaida mwanakomana womupristi basa.

youth

Tapedza kudzidza muna 1900 Baptist School paYunivhesiti Fermanagh, akasiya guta rake uye akaenda Chicago kwavo dzidzo inotevera. Dzhon Uotson anosvika yomunharaunda bazi uzivi, asi nokuda hunhu madzidzisiro, akasiya kuti chipangamazano yesayenzi uye anoita maziso kwepfungwa. Pashure pemakore 3 chete, iye akadzivirira ake doctorate nhoroondo panyaya yokurovedza mhuka, nokuti yaakanga vakaperekedza akawanda kwakaita makonzo. Kunze chokwadi kuti anokwanisa kuva mudzidzi muduku munhoroondo tsika, akagamuchira dhigirii, zviri zvakare wokutanga uyo vakazvipira hombe-pamwero basa ruzivo zvakadaro nemakonzo izvi. Pfungwa iyi yaizivikanwa nzvimbo mamwe basa naJohane uye delimit kutsvakurudza ramangwana.

behaviorism

Pashure pemakore maviri kubva musi yokuva chiremba sayenzi Dzhon Brodes Uotson akakokwa achatungamirira dhipatimendi rimwe experimental zvepfungwa paUniversity Baltimore. He angobvuma oita vachiwedzera mikana kunyudzwa muzvidzidzo zvavo uye kuedza. Ichi nguva hwake chokuita yepfungwa naro zita musayendisiti ari yenhau kare. Anova munyori uye muteveri dzidziso behaviorism chaakanga rinotsanangura zvakadzama Manifesto yake yaiva nomusoro unoti "Psychology sokuona kunoita behaviorist." Iye kuriverenga pachena February 24, 1913, zuva iro rinogona kunzi kuberekwa nzvimbo iyi kurudyi. Watson anozivisa kuti nyika kuti zvepfungwa ndiyo chinangwa sayenzi chokuita munda rwokuzvarwa nesayenzi. Iye criticizes ayo ano chinzvimbo uye kukosha, achiti kuti kudzidza kwake zvisizvo rinoshandisa nyika womukati munhu, pfungwa dzake uye nemanzwiro. Nepo zvaizova musoro kutarisa maitiro zvokunze, uyewo mashoko kuti ndedzechokwadi experimentally.

nesayenzi basa

Nokuda utsva pakati dzidziso dzaro unozotevera kukura, Dzhon Uotson ari pamusoro ukuru munharaunda sayenzi. muhoro wake rwuchiwanzwa kaviri, kutsvakurudza rabhoritari yakawanda kukura, uye kubva vadzidzi achida kupinda hurukuro, hapana kusunungurwa. Muna 1915 iye akagadzwa kuti pambiru weAmerican Psychological Association. Makore aya anogona kunzi ichatonga zvine mbiri behaviorism mirayiridzo. Publications famed musayendisiti uye ipapo akazviratidzazve mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana, uye iye rakapepetwa panze 2 magazini nesayenzi. Muna 1914, Bibliographie wake kukasawedzerwa rinokosha chaizvo basa "Maitiro: An Introduction to okufananidza Psychology," umo kuziva sezvo chinhu zvepfungwa parinorambwa zvachose. Pfungwa yake vanogamuchirawo kushanda, uye Watson pachake vanatenzi unyanzvi kudzora maitiro evanhu.

upenyu Personal

Nepo kudzidzisa paUniversity muvambi behaviorism akaroorwa mudzidzi wake Mary Ickes. Pasinei nokuti vaviri aiva nevana vaviri, muchato haagoni kunzi kubudirira. Muna 1920, rimwe nekuchiva muduku musayendisiti akapedza mudzidzi akaparadza kwete muchato chete, asiwo vose basa rinobudirira, ave kuvaka kwemakore akawanda. Mukadzi akawana uchapupu uchidanana matsamba murume uye muzviparidze pachaunga, izvo zvakakonzera nokukurumidza wokupomera. Kubva zvino, kana dzidziso haangazozarurirwi mubvunzo. Kurambana kwakanga guru kwazvo, asi pasinei ichi, Rozaliya Reyner uye Dzhon Uotson, pikicha iyo chinopiwa pazasi, pakarepo akaroora. Somugumisiro muchato uyu, akabudirira rapfuura chete, vakaberekerwa mamwe maviri Watson, vose vakomana. Rosalie akasiya ino zvakare mangwanani, pamberi mudzimai makore 23. John akatambura rinorema kurasikirwa, asi zvakadaro akaramba kushanda. Zvisinei, kare mune siyanei negwara.

shambadzo

Somudzidzi, akanga nguva kushanyira murabhoritari, mumwe janita uye kunyange hweta, asi munguva yemberi iri vanhu vashoma chaizvo kutarisirwa, nokuti ava nyika yakakurumbira sezvo Dzhon Uotson - wepfungwa. Njodzi pamwe hurumende vakamumanikidza kuti kutsvaka nzvimbo itsva Implementation, uye akasarudza inoshanda zvezvinotaurwa pokushandisa ruzivo vakawana. Kuti tive chaizvo anobva musoro ari shambadzo. Munguva idzodzo, nharaunda iyi yerudzi rutsva zvaida hwakadzama kuongorora kuziva unhu kudzorwa zvigadziriswe pakati vatengi. Uye kuzvidzora ichi ane nzvimbo nechepakati chinzvimbo indasitiri wepfungwa, saka John musoro wake achinyatsotaurira imwe zvokushambadzira basa. Iye otanga, sezvinoita mamwe, kubva pasi, mune rimwe nevaari New York pasi kudzorwa Stanley Rizora. Pamwe nemamwe musarudzo, anopfuura zvose zvorwendo basa, kunyange pasinei nokuziva yake yakakura uye zvayakawana yesayenzi. Over nguva, iye Nokusunungura kumusoro, neunyanzvi itsva uye kunyudzwa zvachose zvokutengeserana zvepfungwa, kushandisa zvokudya dzidziso yavo tsika. Saka, iye anokwanisa kusimuka kuti chinzvimbo Vice President wenyika boka uye kugara panzvimbo iyi kwemakore akawanda.

nhaka Watson

Ndichishanda makambani anoshambadzira, Dzhon Uotson anoramba pfeka vavo dzidziso yesayenzi mubhuku. Pashure porufu rwake, remangwana sapamarudzi vanachiremba uye theorists kuramba mabasa akawanda, kusanganisira "behaviorism", "Nzira behaviorism" uye "mupfungwa kutarisirwa mwana." Pakati vateveri vake dzakakurumbira, uyo akashanda ari dzidziso mberi, tinogona kusiyanisa Burres Skinner, uyo, pamwe chete nevamwe vake vakakwanisa kuzadzisa kukurudzira behaviorism. Zvisinei, pfungwa rave zvaiswa pasi zvikuru kutsoropodza, kazhinji kacho nokuda kuti zvakawanda akafanana munhu coercive chokushandisa. Mumakore akatevera, ayo kudzidza wakapinda kuderera, kusiya chinhu asi chine nzira dzakawanda, uye kusvikira nhasi kushandiswa zvokutengeserana, zvematongerwo enyika uye vamwe mabhora.

Wokupedzisira mashoma makore oupenyu uye rufu

Makore anoverengeka pashure pokufa kwake mudzimai aimbova mudzidzisi anosarudza kusada kushambadza bhizimisi, uye kugadzirisa papurazi akanyarara. Ipapo kurarama mumazuva ayo okupedzisira Dzhon Uotson. Biography hwake kupfupika muna 1958. Mwedzi mishomanana yakanga yapfuura, ushamwari, umo akanga kamwe mutungamiri kwaisanganisira nawo ayo mazita honorary nhengo. Hazvina kubatsira kukanganwa nokutuka, nekuti kamwe akanga kunyimwa basa rake anodiwa, uye kodzero kugara zvimwe zvepamusoro, saka mugore iroro umo akabva ino, anoronga moto muchivanze, kupa zvakawanda mapepa yesayenzi womoto. It anova yokupedzisira ungira kuti vamwe basa Watson, asi chiito ichi isingatsiki mukurumbira, nokuti pave zvepfungwa pamusoro Watson akaita chimwe chezvishamiso zvikuru masayendisiti wekupedzisira remakore.