Economy: Science uye Agriculture (mugiredhi wechi11). Mienzaniso zvoupfumi sechinhu sayenzi uye upfumi

Shoko "Upfumi" rekare rechiGiriki mavambo. Chine maviri chete anoti: "mutemo" uye "upfumi". At chaizvoizvo pfungwa "upfumi" inofanira kutaura pamusoro upfumi, riri kuitwa zvizere zvaidiwa mitemo, mirayiro uye mitemo.

mapeji enhau

In yekare Greece upfumi zvakaburitswa kwayo dzinongoitika chimiro - kwaiva upfumi chaihwo. Sayenzi upfumi mumazuva iwayo chete zvainanga kukura pachake dzezvoupfumi. Kana isu nyatsoongorora yeshoko rokuti "upfumi" mukududzira yaro yepakutanga, zvakatsanangurwa se "unyanzvi imba."

The ano kududzirwa upfumi

Anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore kubva pakatanga kweshoko "upfumi." Science uye upfumi munyika ino achinja yekudyidzana. Zvino pfungwa iyi akaisa siyanei zvaanoreva. Saka chii upfumi? Science uye upfumi Mupfungwa yakakura. Kureva Verengai zvose, maturusi zvinhu zvokunamata uye zvinhu zvenyika, iyo inoshandiswa nevanhu kuitira kwayo mararamiro, uyewo kugutsikana kwakakwana zvinodiwa zvose. Mundima iyi, upfumi - sayenzi zvokurima yose, munhu anoshandiswa kuvandudza mararamiro uye kuumba upenyu-rutsigiro hurongwa.

Uyezve, rinogonawo achimiririrwa yoga zvoupfumi kuranga chokuita basa kwevanhu, icho chokuita nayo. Mienzaniso zvoupfumi sechinhu sayenzi uye upfumi kuzosimbisa kukosha nemauto ichi kuramba panguva dzose mamiriro ezveupfumi pakati vechikamu zvose evanhu upenyu. Naizvozvo, kukosha chirango ichi Zvakaoma kuona - basa murume ano ine chokuita nayo.

mazwi

Economics - sayenzi uye upfumi panguva imwe chete kana iwe unogona kuudza izvi pfungwa? Mashoko maviri chete zviripo mabhuku Chirungu: "zvoupfumi" uye "upfumi". Wokutanga inosanganisira dzidziso, uye wechipiri izwi inechirevo chaiwo nokuratidzwa upfumi. Nokuda weboka kwakadaro, masayendisiti takakwanisa kusuma Kujeka mukunzwisisa nheyo upfumi yokungotaura. Kuwedzera chinangwa maonero payo sezvo imwe zvoupfumi uye kuva mashoko pamusoro hurongwa, vamwe theorists kuisa pfungwa iyi imwe kukosha. Maererano naye, upfumi kunoratidzwa ukama dzinomuka pakati vanhu nekuda kugadzirwa urongwa, mutengi nhumbi, kuchinjanisa, kuparadzirwa zvigadzirwa.

The upfumi muchikoro ano

Sayenzi rokuchenesa vanhu, uyewo akasimbisa ukama pakuitika - ichi zvose ndiye upfumi (science uye upfumi). 11 kirasi kudzidza pfungwa dzakadaro ari oga chidzidzo. Vana kwete chete kupa nheyo yokungotaura ari pose uye mumhuri upfumi, asi kuadzidzisawo sei kuchengetedza, kuti govera mari nemazvo. All ruzivo urwu anokwanisa kuudza vateereri kuranga kwakadaro "Economy: Science uye Industry". Short zviri kosi zvinosanganisira zvikamu huru dzakawanda: chinotarisa kumba kuvandudza, inotungamirwa unyanzvi govera zveminda kubhadhara paruzhinji mabasa, kutsvaka mari uye zvipfeko, dzidzo, kutandara. Pasina pakuva unyanzvi chikoro leavers kwakadaro kwaizova zvakaoma ajairane evanhu vemazuva ano. Saka, kosi "Economics: Science uye Industry" (Grade 11) zvainanga nokuumba vadzidzi 'zvakakwana maonero penhau chokuita pfuma.

mamiriro upfumi

Kuti tinzwisise musimboti kurangwa, zvakakodzera funga kwazvo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pane "musha" upfumi (science uye zvokurima), chinonyanya kukosha - mushure zvose kunzwisisa azvaiitwa panguva senyika. The kwakaita tsanangudzo iyi anosanganisira, zvinosanganisira zvinhu kugadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, zvingasanganisira zvokurima, maindasitiri, zvekufambisa, kuvakwa. Kuti chinzvimbo wehurumende utongi uye asiri kugadzirwa bhora, mabasa kureva munhu izvo vaunze zvinhu zvemweya, mashoko zvedu. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munda chinzvimbo utano, Arts, tsika, dzidzo.

All mabasa kwoupfumi munyika nechinangwa paakasika upfumi, redistribution yavo, zvinodyiwa uye exchange. zvakawanda kwakadaro ukama pakati vanhu kudzidza dzezvoupfumi chikoro. Science uye upfumi dzinokurukurwa muchidimbu chesekondari. nyaya iyi nyaya akadzidzisa 1 nguva pavhiki nechepasi vaenzane uye mari maawa 2-3 pamutambo kurovedzwa profile. Nyaya anopindura mibvunzo: "Nokuti ani?", "Sei?", "Chii?". Vadzidzi vanogamuchira kwemashoko akazara pamusoro nzira yokudzora dzisina kupfuma, kuronga rokuchenesa ravo, kushandisa pfungwa kuti zviwanikwa.

Economics nokupesana

sainzi rino rakakamurwa makro, micro uye pasi pose upfumi, bata pezvakaitwa zvikuru munyika yose. Micro anomiririra nzvimbo hupfumi ukama, izvo chokuita yoga mabasa uye vaburitsi, purazi inotungamirwa muenzaniso wacho makambani uye yemakambani diki. Rinoreva kuvapo zvavo vatengi, varidzi, vashandi, uye nemhuri (mhuri), mabhizimisi (makambani).

Chinangwa microeconomics

Microeconomics iri davi zvoupfumi kuti vanodzidza mabasa akasiyana-siyana vechikamu zvoupfumi bhora. Kuti zvinobatsira vatengi kunzwisisa zvinhu uye mabasa zvaipiwa vagadziri, chisarudzo chakarurama. Chikamu ichi opedza wandei kuteerera dambudziko Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri unhu nomumwe mapoka pamisika nhasi kuti kuderedza zvinhu mari uye kuwana chakazvibata zvikomborero zvemari.

macroeconomic chechinyorwa

Ndeipi nzira "Economics: sayenzi indasitiri"? Table, iro rinotaura ayo chikuru okunze, otaura nevana zvazviri.

Somuenzaniso, kunyanya vokusekondari kudzidza macroeconomics. Ndizvo chikamu upfumi, iyo unosanganisira kwemasayendisiti kuitika pose zvoupfumi pose. The National upfumi ichaongororwa hwose. Somunhu zvokunyama hwaro macroeconomics anoshanda National upfumi vakasikwa nemaoko amarudzi mazhinji. Ndokusaka upfumi - sayenzi kurima. Dzidziso uye tsika anoratidza kukurukura zvine uye zvinokosha zvikuru kuti mumwe hurumende nyaya dzakadai mitengo, zvoupfumi nemateru nezvisingafadzi, kushaya mabasa, mamiriro bhajeti. Nyanzvi dziri kuedza kuwana zvinogadzirisa zvinetso kuti hurumende anotarisana. Somuenzaniso, sei kuderedza kwemabasa, kuti mhanyisa kukura kwoupfumi, kuderedza musiyano uri pakati nyika yedu uye masimba European.

Nezvinetso Modern Economics

nezvoupfumi Russian nezvevayaruka kuchikonzerwa mubvunzo yokuwana nzira kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda National upfumi, STRUCTURAL shanduko mune upfumi wenyika, ari kutsvaka mikana kuchinja chinokosha Russia, kuwedzera kugadzirwa yepamusoro zvinhu uye mabasa.

Upfumi chinhu nyika chaiyo, akazara mitemo yavo uye constraints. Kune kuzvipokanidza zhinji, asi zvinoenderana pfuma yake zvakanaka vemunyika, mukana kunoshanyira pashoo, kudzidzisa vana tinyatsoziva tsika ukoshi. Zvakakodzera sangano hwenyika yokufaranuka uye basa mabasa zvichabviswa vakarongeka optimally uye rationally. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hakuna basa yemari inogona sechinoitika zvoupfumi. Somuenzaniso, munyika yekare uye yeMiddle Ages, pane rokumanikidzirwa varanda uye serfs. Zvinoita kutaura shanduro utariri sezvo upfumi? Zvirokwazvo kwete. Chete ebhizimusi inobva rusununguko uye rusununguko vaburitsi, kuwana kodzero pamusoro "goho" yavo kumusika migumisiro zvavo mabasa, kusarudza mutengo wayo ichakurukurwa zvechokwadi mune zvoupfumi muitiro. Kureva, unofanira kuva zvinhu kuti inotaura kuvapo Exchange uye kutengeserana.

mhedziso

Masayendisiti akawanda ano, nezvoupfumi taura pamusoro "danho" kukura hwenyika. munhuwo peubvwo yakatanga pakutanga danho. Danho rechipiri kunoratidzwa paumbwe upfumi, zvokuti kune chaiyo mugadziri, pane kuchitsinhanisa uye kutengeserana. Chechitatu Danho iri dzakabudirira musika upfumi. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinonzwisisika uye mhosva, sezvo rinogona kushandiswa kusiyanisa chisimba kumanikidza kuita upfumi mabasa (basa "pasi kupopotera"), kushaya kuzvionera, kwete kutanga vashandi, kana kuti upfumi, iyo iripo mazano rusununguko mutengi uye mugadziri, dzikapfeka sarudzo.

Chii basa mubhizimisi evanhu vemazuva ano? Vatsoropodzi vanodavira kuti hachisi chinokosha basa, tara Kuisa zvokunamata uye netsika kukura kusvika zvinhu zvinobatsira uye zvavanoda. Asi kune avo vari nechokwadi nezvokukosha zviri zvoupfumi kwendangariro. munzvimbo dzavo, vanokurudzirwa kuti nokuda kudzidza tsika Zvivako munhu anofanira kuva denga rakanaka pamusoro musoro wako, anodziya, kupfeka, kudya. Kana kukura kwoupfumi pane pamwero pave Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu kuti upenyu hwevanhu, uye iye achava kuwana nguva yokuti rezvedzidzo basa. Nokuti paumbwe hurumende inofanira kuva kuramba kuvandudzika pakati ruzivo uye zvokushandisa. Chete ichi kana pakunamata tinozviona, nokuti munhu haafaniri kupedza nguva kutsvaka mikana kugutsikana zvinhu zvokunyama. Nezvekugadzirwa tsika zvoupfumi pachizvarwa ano chinokosha basa, saka muzvikoro yechipiri akapa upfumi mwero (10-11 kirasi).