Ekoarhitektura: tsananguro, features, zvinonakidza zvinhu uye wongororo

Ekoarhitektura - chaiwo mapurani pfungwa, izvo anofunga, pakutanga, kwezvakatipoteredza zvikonzero pamasikiro womunhu kwezvakatipoteredza. Mirayiridzo inokosha pfungwa iyi, yakagadzirwa ne Italian mapurani Paolo Soleri. Uyewo pasi ekoarhitekturoy kunzwisisa pfungwa nokuziva kuti nokuda zvakanaka-akagadzirirwa hyperstructures pokugara vagari guta rimwe anogona kuderedza zvakaipa kwevanhu kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza.

Sei pfungwa ekoarhitektury?

Ekoarhitektura akasimuka pashure zvakava pachena kuti madhorobha kugarwa akatanga kugara munzvimbo buda guru. Izvi zvakatanga kuoneka munyika dzakawanda. Kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, iro rinoshandiswa guta, rakanga rakakura.

The chikuru che ichi mapurani pfungwa ndiye rutapudzo kwenzvimbo inogarwa mumadhorobha vagari, nokuda kwemahofisi munhu-dimensional matatu gipersturkturu. Munyori Paolo Soleri pfungwa vaisava chete kune dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Akatanga kuva chirongwa chake uye mumagakava bhora. Maererano nechirongwa rake hyperstructures itsva vaifanira kubatsira kuronga nani, kushandiswa mukuru mabhazi. Pakupedzisira, izvi zvingareva kuwedzera kwevanhu arambe achirema. Panguva iyoyo yaizoita kubatsira kubvisa dzakawanda matambudziko tinoberekwa kumaguta makuru.

Zvinokosha kuona kuti haasi Soleri kutanga vakwira pfungwa iyi. Ecological mapurani kutanga kurondedzerwa, sezvo kazhinji zvinoitika, basa ounyanzvi. Ideas zvakanga zvakavakirwa Soleri, kutanga ataurwa ake Sci-Fi yokufungidzira "The akarara rwamuka" Gerbert Uells.

Kushandura pfungwa zviitike

Pari inonyanya kufarirwa pamasikiro mapurani pfungwa rinonzi Arcosanti. Zviri guta iri US, akasika Soleri asi. Kubvira 1970, kuvakwa raro nechido vadzidzi. PaAnosangana pfungwa dzakadai "ekoarhitektura".

Muchiitiko chino, hazvigoni kunzi kubudirira. Nepo nzvimbo rakagadzirirwa 3-5 zviuru vanhu vanogara mariri chete anenge 100 vakazvipira. Panguva iyoyo iri panzvimbo ino anogona kubudirira dzika inodzidzisa uye nzvimbo zvirongwa. Pari Arcosanti chinokwezva vanhu vanopfuura 5000 pagore.

Chii kuita boka pasi zita "Ekoarhitektura"

In Russia nhasi hazvirevi kusangana nemisha izvi, asi akazarura zvakawanda makambani ayo anoshanda pakawanda chokuita kwezvakatipoteredza. Vazhinji vavo vanonzi - "Ekoarhitektura".

Vamwe vavo, somuenzaniso, mubasa nokukurumidza nokuripira Wholesale zvokudya. Uyezve, zvinhu pamwe afa kana afa, matambudziko batch mishonga zvokudya uye zvimwe illiquid. Ltd. ari kuita "Ekoarhitektura" (Moscow uye Moscow nharaunda). Naizvozvo zvekudya vari kuti marara. Izvi zvinopa wandei kubatsira nharaunda.

Pane imwe kambani iri Yekaterinburg, rinonzi "EkoArhitektura". Tsvina - chikuru achitungamirirwa kwayakaita. Nyanzvi dzacho vakagadzirira kubatsira kubvisa IV njodzi mukirasi tsvina. The kambani anounganidza uye zvemarudzi mhando dzose tsvina, inopa yakazara pasuru magwaro, uye kwezvakatipoteredza nhau.

Ecostyle akitekicha

The ano magadzirirwo mapurani Ecostyle zvikuru zvakajairika. Izvi mufashoni uye chaiyo negwara. Iye opedza vazhinji zvirongwa zvokutsvakurudza uye monographs. Somuenzaniso, munyaya ino vashandi pamusoro Kharkiv National Academy of Municipal Economy Krivitskaya A. uye N. Krivoruchko akadana "Ekoarhitektura sezvo richengetedzwe yepanyama puranga".

Basa riri rwakazvitsaurira maguta maviri - Kharkov uye Belgorod. Ivo, maererano masayendisiti, zvingave muenzaniso itsva mhando dzomumaguta agglomerations. Pari, nemaindasitiri, kusvibiswa mhepo, Kuipa utano uye utsanana yekudyidzana achiipa munhu magariro muguta.

Naizvozvo, chete kuronga ekostruktur idzva apo kuchengetedza chaiwo Kuumbwa kwechokwadi kwaiva remunharaunda wemuTesitamende mumaguta anogona kuponesa ano kwezvakatipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu.

zvinodiwa ekoarhitektury

To eco Tech mapurani inoenderana nepfungwa ano pfungwa iyi pamusoro, inofanira kuuya pasi dzakananga zvinodiwa.

Chekutanga, ndiye simba okuponesa. Zvakakodzera kurerutsa kushandisa chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinopa simba. Chechipiri, kushandiswa zvokuvakisa bedzi rwokuzvarwa mavambo, iro anokwanisawo nokuzvidzora idzva. Izvi Somuenzaniso, huni. Wakadaro nzira haangatenderi zvinoda vazukuru izvi zvinhu.

Chechitatu, kuti vanofanira kubata chivakwa sechinhu chipenyu muviri. Architecture inofanira kuonekwa sechinhu chipenyu ezvinhu. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti imba ndiyewo "kufefetera" pamwe nguva "achikura," uye zvadaro "-buda."

Chechina, munyaya dzose upenyu zvakafanira kurerutsa inokuvadza kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza. Uye pakupedzisira, wokupedzisira - kushandiswa zvivako pedyo zvisikwa. Uye achiziva zvakajeka zvaunoda chaizvo fomu ichi.

Modern ekoarhitekturnye muzvirongwa

Pfungwa eco mapurani zvirongwa zviri kukurukurwa munyaya ino, ari kukura munyika. A muenzaniso unoshamisa - "shure imba" kuArgentina, chirongwa chake chakaonekwa 1975.

The huru inspirer, murongedzeri Emilio Ambash, ndokubata ichi "dema sikweya" iri mapurani. Maererano nechirongwa chake, iye aifanira, uyewo mifananidzo yose Malevich, kufananidzira kuguma unyanzvi uye kupa mukana kune itsva yomugariro spiritualistic.

Asi kana imba achiri yakavakwa muna 2005, yakava chiratidzo nzira "rwokuzvarwa" upenyu, chiri nevakawanda nhasi.

Mupenyu kwaigara ari "Imba voga" chakavanzwa mukati pegomo uye vari mukuru pakufungisisa. Pachikomo yakavakwa pamasvingo maviri pamwe Manera, izvo piringisha panguva imwe rikwanise akachinjikana. Zvinofungirwa kuti munhu aikwanisa kuwana chiedza, akavasimudza pamusoro pfumbu chokwadi.

Chimwe chirongwa ekoarhitekturny ari rakatangwa muna Japanese muguta Fukuoka. Uyu ndiwo rimwe remaguta makurusa munyika yokuAsia, iyo chirwere aiparadza rokushaya nzvimbo.

Nhoroondo pabasa iri rakatanga muna 1995, apo zvakava zvakakodzera pakuvaka kwetsika muzinda. Zvakaitika kuti chete nzvimbo yakadaro kuvaka zviremera matunhu neminisiparati anogona kupa muguta park, kukura zvisina kutigumbura guta anopfuura maviri.

Kuti varege akatema park, kwakasarudzwa kutora 15-storey skyscraper panguva nemagariro pakati, ukaramba, uye saka vashoma Japan greenery. The skyscraper dzichengeterwe inoratidzirwa dzezvimwe uye musangano dzimba, mamiziyamu uye unyanzvi dzezvimwe.

Panguva iyo hanyanisi kubva inochengeterwa Park rinobuda kumaodzanyemba France chacho, zvichiita kutarisa somumwe zvinoshamisa munyika - Gardens weBhabhironi.

Saka, vanoongorora pfungwa dzakadai ekoarhitektura anogona kutarisana dzinopesana arimo. Kudivi rimwe, nyanzvi dzinotaura zvinhu zvakanaka - chokwadi, mabasa aya kubatsira nharaunda uye kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Ukuwo, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti panguva padariro Implementation vazhinji pfungwa yakawandisa, vakapedza mari yakawanda buda.

Musha Dietikon

Chimwe ekoarhitekturny chirongwa kuti vanofanira kukutaurirai - ndiwo musha Dietikon (Switzerland), yakatangwa Peter Fechem.

Iye akazviratidza 1993 munzvimbo mutaundi duku Dietikon. Kwapera makore mashomanana, kana sefa kunze firimu "Ishe Rings", vanhu veko akadana aumba pawo musha Swiss pakati Middle-pasi.

imba yokutanga pevhu Fech akavaka kare kwema1970. Kubvira ipapo, pane Dietikon akakwanisa kumisa pfumbamwe pevhu Zvivako hukuru siyana. Kubva 60 kusvika 250 akaenzana mamita. Vakanga zvikuru zvakafanana dzimba hobbits kuti Tolkien kuti dzechembere.

Chavaida uye vanhu. Padenga ivhu uye uswa muropa kudzivirira dzimba kubva mvura, mhepo, uye hwakanyanya tembiricha. Chinobatsira zvekare kupedza ndoda simba kupfuura kwakajairika musha. Zvivako izvi zviri zvachose hazvikuvadzi zvakatipoteredza.

mira mapurazi

mira basa purazi kuvaka akaberekwa mukati mamasvingo Columbia University iri US. Maererano masayendisiti yayo, 2050 muguta ichaendeswa 80% vagari Wepasi. Uyezve, tsika yokudya zvokurima zvigadzirwa mukudyidzana nezvimwe zvisikwa akachena vachiri.

Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, Pierre Sartoux uye Augustin Rozenstil aronga mumwe nekubatwa tote mapurazi. Izvi nhurikidzwa dzakawanda akazara greenhouses uye corrals. A dzakawanda zvivako dzakadaro mune ramangwana kuchaita zvokudya vanhu bhiriyoni gumi, izvo kubudikidza 2050 kuchaita rwugare Earth.

Organic imba

Chimwe chirongwa kuti zvakakodzera - Organic musha Gaetano Pesce. Mukutanga yokunyora nokudhirowa akatarira akafanana womuoki, waimira sezvo nheyo midzi uye korona - padenga.

Pakupedzisira, imba yakava yemishenjere matanda okunamata nawo, kutsvaka chete uchikwira. Iye akazviratidza pakati mumwezve guta Japanese - Osaka. Muna 1993, imba chete raputika shaped zvakafanana pamusoro chaiwo Asian mabhizimisi weruwa. Scarlet France weimba yakashongedzwa makemikari emaruva. Vanokura zvinenge zvose mhando nemiti kuti chete chinogona kuwanikwa ichi okunze wongoramba. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso pachena ekoarhitektury muupenyu.