Artists vadzungairi dzavo okugadzira zvinhu. vemifananidzo Russian vaifamba remakore rechi19

The Nhaka asiyiwa vadzingi vemifananidzo, zvechokwadi chikuru uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Vakatanga chinoreva mune mifananidzo yake vanhuwo zvavo, nzira yavo youpenyu, tsika, manzwiro uye kunetsa. On the pamatende nenyanzvi vadzungairi anogona kuona mifananidzo kubva kare Russian, embody ari indomitable simba kwomudzimu vanhuwo zvavo. Pakati ounyanzvi ino nguva unowanikwa Portraits vanhu vakakurumbira uye kwamachinda.

History of nokuwadzana

Artists vadzungairi ndivo realists vokutanga Russian. Ivo Akasiyanisa dzavo okugadzira zvinhu kunyatsoteerera zvedzidzo canons, kure nhasi chokwadi uye zvinodiwa zvoupenyu panguva. Association vatariri kuratidzira dzakarongwa muSt Petersburg. Interesting nhoroondo munharaunda iyi. Muna 1863, gumi nemana zvakanakisisa kudzidza Academy of Arts akabvunza kubva utungamiriri kupedza vakasununguka kusarudza musoro makwikwi muenzaniso. Sezvo vakaramba, vechiduku vadzidzi havana kuzeza ubude sangano yedzidzo kuronga vakasununguka nokushamwaridzana. Muna 1870, musi chirongwa pamusoro V. Perov ivo, pamwe chete Moscow vemifananidzo ndakazvisika Association vatariri kuratidzira. Yokutanga kwamagwaro wakavhurwa kare muna 1871. Pamabasa ake, vechiduku realists vakatsvaka nezvevaKristu upenyu yechokwadi inongogara kutambura uye vanodzvinyirirwa miduku yokuruwa, riri pasi pesimba mupfumi uye Varidzi. Shows kuti kufanorongwa vaifamba Artists vaiva rakabudirira, uye kupfuura siyana sectors vemo.

Over oupenyu yeidzi rakaitirwa kuratidzira makumi mana namasere muMoscow, St. Petersburg, Riga, Yaroslavl, Tula, Saratov, Chisinau, Kazan, Kursk, Voronezh, Poltava, Kharkov, Odessa, Kiev nemamwe maguta. "Folk kuratidzwa" akatanga kugara zviduku mumaguta, mumisha uye nemisha. dzidzo vanhuwo zvavo - mumwe pfungwa vakadzinganiswa vemifananidzo vadzungairi. List evakurukuri munharaunda anosanganisira yakanakisisa vavezi vemabwe uye Painters pakati navapfumbamwe uye emakore maviri. Pakati pavo nemaloizvestny GG Myasoedov, Petrov, I. Kramskoy, K. Sawicki, G. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, Shishkin, Repin, Vasnetsov, Levitan, S. Ivanova, . Arkhipov nevamwe unhu inozvikudza.

mabasa okusika

November 29, 1871 muSt Petersburg akavhura wokutanga vachifamba kuratidza. On ekisiposha vakapa mabasa gumi Painters. Mifananidzo mana vanomwe hwakaratidza kuti vateereri. Gare gare, muMoscow, nhamba hwakaratidza mifananidzo yakasvika 82. The chete inoratidzirwa akanga akazotamira Kiev uye Kharkov. Mifananidzo kwakadaro vemifananidzo Russian pakati vanomimina, sezvo "May Night" (I. Kramskoy), "Vavhimi pana Zororo", "Portrait dzomutengesi I. S. Kamynina," "Wehove", "Portrait of A. N. Ostrovskogo" (VG . Perov), "The Rooks Wati asvika" (A. Savrasov), "chinhu" (I. Pryanishnikova) akapinda nhoroondo emifananidzo Russian. Mabasa ake vari realists aivimba kwete zvakaitika Russian painting, asiwo nebudiriro chekare uye panguva uri nyika. Vamiririri zhinji kambani mumakore siyana nenzira Academy of Arts akashanyira dzimwe nyika, izvo vakatanga ruzivo vavo, kudzidza unyanzvi akasiyana eras uye zvekunyanyisa. Zvezvavakacherechedza uye nemaonero vavo rakatangwa muna mabasa. Okugadzira zvinhu Peredvizhnik zvikuru akasarudza kufamba nyika art navapfumbamwe uye emakore maviri.

Alexei Savrasov

Landscape rokupenda. Zviri mumwe havaoni of Association of vadzungairi. Muna 1844 musikana Artist pamusoro yababa vake kuda anopinda School of Painting, izvo zvinobudirira anopedzisa muna 1850. The nharaunda yokutanga Alekseya Kondratevicha - "View of Kremlin mu asina kunaka okunze", "View of Moscow kubva Sparrow Hills" - azadzwa pfungwa romanticism. Savrasov vachishingaira paChikoro kuratidzira, uye anodzidzisa pane School of Sculpture uye Painting. Muna 1862 iye anofamba kumwe, apo akapinda unyanzvi inoratidzirwa London, Paris, Munich, kuDresden, Berlin, Copenhagen nevamwe. Zvikurukuru Akakwezva the artist German uye Painters Chirungu chake kuda kuzvimiririra uye chokwadi. Panguva iyi, Alexei Kondratyevich akanyora imwe mifananidzo akakurumbira - "Elk Island", yaakanga pashure paakavapa mubayiro panguva yemakwikwi muMoscow. Sezvo 1870 iye nomudzimai wake vaifamba kuRussia (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Novgorod). nemaonero ake pamusoro runako kwamai hunhu mumifananidzo nayo transmits. Saka pane "teura Volga" uye "The Rooks Wati Yasvika". Kuti Mifananidzo acho panguva pashoo yokutanga, iyo yakarongwa nokuda Russian Artists vadzungairi. Nemabasa zvakanyorwa 870 wacho, pane kuwedzera mwoyo uye kusuruvara: "Sunset pamusoro nomumachakwi", "Moonlight", "Tomb of Volga", "Rye". Ake okupedzisira makore womufananidzo inoshandiswa zvikuru.

Ivan Shishkin

Names Peredvizhnik anozivikanwa kure miganhu yacho Motherland. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ichi - Shishkin. With zita rake chokuita nhoroondo wechipfuwo landscape, zvaakasika vava National Classics uye akawana zvikuru mukurumbira. Future Artist akaberekerwa mutaundi duku riri Elabuga mushambadzi mhuri muna 1832. Muna 1848 akapinda Kazan jimunasiyamu, asi haana kupedza nayo. Kumusha, nguva iri kutsvaka nzira yake ramangwana. Muna makumi maviri muduku Shishkin anopinda School of Painting, apo musoro wake achinyatsotaurira muzvidzidzo zvavo uye basa. The Artist achigara vakasamukweva. Ake akafuridzirwa pachisikirwo, masango uye dzomumaruwa nharaunda, murimi mudiki upenyu. Chokutanga, burukirai nguva yedu, basa Shishkin - iri "Pine padombo." The mafuta kupenda yakanga kupendwa muna 1855. Muna 1856, Ivan akapinda Academy of Arts Akanaka (St. Petersburg). mabasa ake vokutanga vari azadzwa dzorudo. Muna 1858 akanyora imwe mifananidzo yakakurumbira, "Kuona chitsuwa Valaam." Nokuti basa iri, muna 1860 akanga paakavapa ndarama menduru panguva zvedzidzo kuratidza. Ndapedza (1860) Shishkin vakandowanikwa kumwe. Panguva iyi anosika Nyanzvi nemaloizvestny "View pedyo Düsseldorf", wataurwa pashoo kuParis. Pavakadzoka kumba Ivan anoswedera I.Kramskoy - muvambi "Artel nenyanzvi." Mumakore akatevera akanyora anoverengeka nharaunda ( "In pedyo Moscow", "The Wood-achitema", "Ship Grove", "Forest Stream"). mabasa ake nguva dzose akapfeka kuratidzira kuti inoenderana Russian Artists vadzungairi. Nanhasi, ivo ounyanzvi zvikuru nzvimbo dzakakurumbira chaizvo.

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy

vemifananidzo Russian vaifamba remakore rechi19 akasika chihombe asian maberere. Pamabasa ake, ivo anoratidzwa dzakanakisisa vanhu munyika, vakakurumbira yakadhirowewa sayenzi tsika. ounyanzvi Vakawanda akanyorwa zvarayirwa yakakurumbira Ndiwe anorichengeta uye muteresi P. Tretyakov. Zvechokwadi Pazvinhu portraitist raiva Kramskoy. Pakugona tarenda iri kupenya Artist uye chiremba wepfungwa akazviratidza mufananidzo Lva Tolstogo. Paaidzidzisa rakanyorwa muna 1873 muna Yasnaya Polyana. Nechemberi the artist rinounza yakajeka uye akachenjera pfungwa yacho munyori. Mufananidzo akakurumbira Russian munyori kwakavakirwa kusiyana-kwakavakirwa (zvemukati uye zvokunze kukosha nyore). Chimwe basa rinokosha mufananidzo Archaeology "dzisinganyaradziki Nhamo" kubudisa kudzama rwaamai manzwiro. Mumakore 1860-1870 akanga vachishingaira kubatanidzwa sangano kuratidzira, rakanga raitwa vemifananidzo vadzungairi. Work Kramskogo "Desert Kristu" chaipiwa pa yechipiri chokupfeka. The Nhaka womufananidzo, kunyanya kukwira Portraits zvevanhuwo zvavo, "Polesovschik", "vasingazivikanwi", "Farmer pamwe matomu," nezvimwewo ...

Ilya Efimovich Repin

Zvichida chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo Russian kupenda waiva mufananidzo "chikepe Haulers". In basa rake, yokudhirowa akaratidza zvakajeka mufananidzo vanhuwo zvavo. Repin asati kuti nyaya iyi hapana zvikuru zvaisiririsa uye anoshamisa kugadziriswa. Paaidzidzisa, yokudhirowa akaratidza hutenzi kwake zvose zvokurarama unyanzvi pakukwana. Chimwe chinokosha yokusika Repin - "Religious mudungwe mu Kursk Province". Akanyorwa 1883, ari kupenda akakwezva kujairika yevedza uye compositional mhinduro. Mudungwe Religious anofananidzirwa pamufananidzo rinomiririra seboka mufananidzo musha zvose mapoka ayo uye makirasi. With rukuru uye tsitsi munyori vakakwanisa kuwana mifananidzo zvavo vanhuwo zvavo. A kanoda mabasa painter anotora echimurenga dingindira. It akasika mufananidzo "Under avaperekedze", "Asingatarisirwi", "Kurambirwa Confession." Muna 1880, Ilya Yefimovich rinoreva mufananidzo Genre, kufananidzira vakakurumbira nhamba akadai D. Mendeleyev, A. Delvig, Glinka nevamwe panguva.

Vasiliy Maksimovich Maksimov

unyanzvi ake okutanga romubati aakapiwa icon-painting okudhindira. Vasili Maksimovich akapedza St. Petersburg Academy of Arts Akanaka vari mukirasi chenhau kupenda. mabasa ake ose womufananidzo akaita vakatsaurira chifananidzo yepakutanga ari murimi mudiki nyika. Mifananidzo yake regai kukanganisa tinoshandisa nyaya uye mavara akajeka. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisati zvave chete Akakwezva evanofarira. mabasa ake dzakakurumbira vari: "Zvose kare", "murume Patient", "Chikamu Family". Nevamwe vakawanda vanodhirowa vadzingi remakore rechi19, Vasily Maksimovich pabasa rake anoedza kuratidza okusika nevatambi uye tsika nguva yake.

Vasiliy Grigorevich Perov

Akaberekwa muna Tobolsk muna 1834. In kuyaruka, wechiduku yokudhirowa anoenda School of Painting. basa rake kukosha wokutanga "Kusvika umire kuferefeta." Ounyanzvi akanyorwa mumakore ake muduku, aiva guru kubudirira munzira yabatanidzwa. Nokukurumidza, nokuti kupenda "Mharidzo ari Village" Vasily akanga paakavapa rimwe menduru yegoridhe. Mifananidzo yake yokutanga anoratidza socio-yakaoma wezwi nemunyori. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ichi - "Rural mudungwe on Easter", "Teaching mumusha", etc. Mumakore akazotevera Perov anozviratidza sezvo mufananidzo-nzvimbo painter .. ndezvomunhu Portraits ose Dostoevsky uye kwaari Alexander Ostrovsky. It Vasily aiva mumwe initiators ose basa kushanda ari Partnership.

Abhuramu Efimovich Arkhipov

Artist iri kupiwa nzvimbo inokosha iri Genre mufananidzo nguva. In ounyanzvi ake Arkhipov kunonyanyisa zvechokwadi anofananidzirwa upenyu nyore kumaruwa vanhu. kupenda ake "The Return", "Mune Ziso", vave richizivikanwa munyika yose. Mune mamwe mabasa ake zvaanozivisa nezvinetso zvamagariro ( "washerwomen", "zuva Mushandi" uye zvichingodaro. D.), kufananidzira rinorema murimi mudiki basa.