Artist Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Chakajeka, yepakutanga yokudhirowa remakore rechi20 Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich akararama zvinofadza uye inonakidza muupenyu. Akapfuura kufurirwa akasiyana vemifananidzo, echimurenga kuda uye kuwana nzvimbo yaro unyanzvi. nhaka yake nhasi mazana anoverengeka mabasa, vari kuunganidza dzakawanda pasi pose.

Uduku uye Family

Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich akaberekwa mumusha Mikhailovskoye nzvimbo Don Cossacks (nhasi Volgograd nharaunda) kupinda murombo murimi mudiki mumhuri. Ilya aiva dangwe pavana vapfumbamwe, uye mari kubva kuvabereki, mubasa kuduku zvokutengeserana, akanga asiri kurutivi dzidzo yevana. Mukomana, uyo akaratidza traction mukuru uye kukwanisa kuwana kubva achiri mudiki, akatumirwa kuchikoro yeko, asi mumakore 11, vakamubvisa uye akatuma kushanda saka aigona kubatsira kutsigira mhuri. Aiva chitoro mushambadzi muchero maawa 14 amire namakumbo awo, tichishumira vatengi, iye akavenga basa, asi hapana sarudzo.

Rakapihwa uye Training

Mashkov Ilya Gare gare akapinda kushanda muchitoro zvomutengesi, basa rakanga risiri nyore, asi dzimwe nguva zviri basa kunyora mireza uye zviratidzo. Basa iri akamupa mufaro mukuru. In ake kupembedza nguva vaikopa mifananidzo kubva mumagazini, zvichiita yokunyora nokudhirowa ari nharaunda, shiri. Mukomana aifarira kuzochera. Pasinei ayo mamiriro ezvemari zvikuru wakamanikidza, akarayira tsamba bhokisi pendi. Rimwe zuva mudzidzisi Borisoglebskaya jimunasiyamu makwapa kudhirowa mukomana uye akamubvunza kana akanga achida kudzidza. Ilya akashamiswa chaizvo nokuti haana kunyange kuziva kuti unogona kudzidza kuzochera. Saka akatanga kuwana unyanzvi vokutanga uye zano kubva mudzidzisi wechikoro. Izvi akamutendera kunzwisisa ake guru uye chinangwa - kuva emhizha.

Muna 1900 akapinda Moscow School of Painting. Pano anodzidza kubva kunoshamisa vadzidzisi: Konstantin Korovin, Pasternak, Valentin Serov, Vasnetsov. Kubva pamakore okutanga nechikoro Mashkov vakaratidza muenzaniso tarenda uye eccentric hunhu. Akanga kwazvo kwazvo gudziramukanwa, imwe nekumwisa ruvara, pamwe yakawanda nguva akapa kukura dzinocherwa unyanzvi, akanga dzichipfekeka chaizvo. Sezvo mari shoma vadzidzi vari kuchikoro, chaipiwa chikamu nguva, uye kubvira 1904 Mashkov anotanga kupa zvidzidzo, yokuwana chokurarama nacho.

echimurenga youth

Mashkov Ilya nokururamisira nokukurumidza anowana netsoka dzake. Muna 1906, iye unovaka pachake Studio ari kuvaka Polytechnic Society. Kwaizova musha wake kusvikira pakuguma mazuva okusika. Muna 1907, iye akasangana Petrom Konchalovskim, musangano aiva simba guru the artist. Muna 1908, nyanzvi yokudhirowa aienda Europe, kushanyira France, England, Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, apo iye akasangana kuitika itsva kupenda.

Muna 1910, Mashkov chikoro, asi akanga atova akawana nzira yake. The Artist ichiri nebasa rakawanda, kutora zvidzidzo panguva Studio pamusoro Konstantin Korovin, achinyora tsika Portraits uye vachiri lifes. Akaisa kumusoro, kusanganisira panguva Salon kuParis, apo basa rake kutenga Russian philanthropist Morozov. Kunyange ipapo, kupenda Mashkov kutsaura kujairika maonero enyika uye akapoteredza zvinhu. Ari zvakazadza nepfungwa echimurenga muEurope uye vaida kuchinja Russian ndimi.

"Jack kuti Diamonds"

Muna 1911, Mashkov Ilya Petrom Konchalovskim pamwe chawo unyanzvi vanhu "Jack kuti Diamonds." Chokutanga, muna 1910 paiva pashoo pamwe chete zita, zvichiteverwa munhu wakadaro Artists pave nenzanga chete zita. zita chairo kuvhundutsa vateereri, achitaura nezvendima vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika. Moscow ndehwokuti kuisa vemifananidzo vachiita yechimurenga unyanzvi, uye vakabudirira kwazvo. Vakati vachimupikisa tsika zvedzidzo uye realism, vakazivisa kutonga pamusoro Impressionist, Fauvist uye Cubist nepfungwa.

Mashkov aiva mumwe ideologists vomunharaunda. Zviri nekuvongwa iye, "Jacks" saka kazhinji kupendwa vachiri lifes, nowenyika zviratidzo wokuti ndibhadhare mari muchitoro. Artists vaedza fomu uye ruvara. Kusiyana vakawanda chains-garde, Mashkov uye mamwe masoja vaizviti zvinhu sezvazviri mune art. Mumakore 1911-14 womufananidzo ndiye munyori munzanga, paChikoro ose kuratidzira dzayo. Muna 1914 iye akasiya "Jack kuti Diamonds" uye vakandowanikwa kumwe.

Mashkov uye "World of Art"

Pavakadzoka Mashkov anopinda "World of Art" - yesangano chakavapo kubva mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 uye vakabatana dzepamusorosoro vemifananidzo Russian. Just panguva ino, bhendi inozivisa mukana rakasikwa Classics itsva, zvinova chikuru pfungwa ye "New Academy" Alexander Benois. Chechipiri hafu 10-ies pakati XX remakore rakanga rakaoma vemifananidzo kuva munharaunda iyi. Kunyange zvazvo "World of Art" - mubatanidzwa rinoratidza kubatsira zvikuru kune Russian unyanzvi, panguva Mashkov izvozvo kare raiva, asi, wevakadzidza kubatana. The Artist paChikoro kuratidzira uye zvitsigiso mamwe masoja. Panguva iyi, Mashkov achiri yakawanda basa, asi zvishoma nezvishoma anosvika realism itsva.

The Association of Artists ose Revolutionary Russia

Muna 1925, Mashkov Ilya anotora nzanga itsva AHRR, iyo vamiriri itsva, echimurenga zvinangwa. Kutaura zvazviri, iye akava mumwe ideologists wokutanga pakati mugovanisi realism. The Artist ndohwaJehovha yeidzi kusvikira disintegration kwayo muna 1929. Panguva iyi, iye ruchipa upenyu hutsva hunofadza, Portraits nevatungamiriri venyika gadzira, achiri upenyu pamwe nezvokudya zvakawanda. Moscow Painters, vaimbova navo Mashkov, havanzwisisi neururami ake itsva, vazhinji vavo vari nhapwa. Ilya Ivanovich anoramba ari USSR uye rinonyatsotsigirawo pfungwa itsva. Muna 1930 Mashkov akanyora ideologically zvakarurama mufananidzo: ". Chingwa Soviet" "Kukwazisa rechi17 Congress of CPSU (b)",

Munguva yehondo, Mashkov anogara Abramtsevo, kupendwa Portraits varwi vakakuvadzwa, vashandi rwemberi. Late Mashkov ndiye vateereri wayo netariro mafungiro. Inozivikanwa nounyanzvi Yakov Tugendhold akati kuti basa rake inooneka "rudo utano nokuda inopenya nyama neropa." Iye zvabatwa kufarira kwaaiita kupamhidzira kusvikira okupedzisira.

kuratidza basa

Ilya Mashkov yose upenyu kwave zvibereko chaizvo, sezvazvakanyorwa achishingaira hwakaratidza basa rake. Aiitawo inokosha kuratidzira chepakuvamba rechimakumi maviri remakore zhinji. Ichi chiitiko "Jack kuti Diamonds", "Nyika Art". Muna 1916, "Exhibition kuti panguva Russian kupenda" zvinoratidza 70 mabasa, yaiva guru muupenyu inoratidzirwa them Mashkova. Sezvo 20s womufananidzo anenge hwakaratidza kwose Venice, London, New York. Mumakore 30 simba Soviet nomufaro anotakura mifananidzo Mashkov mumaguta ose makuru enyika.

Educational basa

Kune vakawanda upenyu Ilya Mashkov, yokudhirowa, rokupenda, akadzidzisa. Paaiva jaya, akava nzira yokudzidzisa mufanidzo uye kupenda yake. chikoro chake, iro akasvinudza mukuvamba ramakumi remakore, kwaiva kuva musimboti Studio AHRR. Pavadzidzi vake vaiva Falk, Tatlin, Osmerkin, Mukhina.

Pashure pokuchinja, yokudhirowa yave achidzidzisa, vachishanda pamapoka siyana panguva Military Academy uye muna VHUTEINe.

zvakavanzika

Ilya Mashkov akaratidza rudo rwake upenyu uye muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Akanga mudi kukuru wemadzimai ndokuroora katatu. mudzimai wokutanga aiva Italian Sofia Arentsvari, Mashkov amuroora muna 1905, papera gore akaberekwa chete mwanakomana the artist Valentin. Akava namaapuro injiniya, akasungwa muna 1937. mudzimai wechipiri muna 1915 akava emhizha Fedorova Elena Fedorovna. Mudzimai wechitatu akanga emhizha: muna 1922 Mashkov Danilova akaroora Maria Ivanovna.

Legacy uye ndangariro

Ilya Mashkov, vane mifananidzo vari chaizvo chaizvo vanoda painting, akafa March 20, 1944 panguva dacha yake Abramtsevo. Iye akasiya nhaka huru. Mifananidzo yake zvino muunganidzwa maguta 78 munyika. Kudeuka muunganidzwa womufananidzo wacho chirikadzi akapa Volgograd Museum of Art. Mifananidzo yake kashoma kuoneka panguva okisheni uye kutengeswa makuru inopfupikisa. Nokudaro, kupenda "Flowers" akatengeswa mamiriyoni 3.5 emadhora, uye "Kunyange Life pamwe Fruit" - nokuti $ mamiriyoni 7,2.

Okugadzira zvinhu Mashkov zvaJehovha vakadzidza neumhizha kare, iye kutsaurira bhuku. Museum iri Volgograd rine zita rake. Kuyeukwa yokudhirowa anonyangarika, ari kuratidza mabasa ake inoitwa nguva mune makuru mamiziyamu. Saka, muna 2014 ari wakadhirowewa mabasa akazotevera vaiva vakaratidza muMoscow, pashoo rakanga rakabudirira.