Musiyano nemamwe cartilaginous nehove? Kirasi hove cartilaginous: tsananguro, mienzaniso

Imwe zvinofadza zvikuru mhuka hwemvura vari hove. Kirasi cartilaginous hove - Sharks uye mwaranzi - kunokosha kusiyana nevamwe nhengo superclass ichi.

superclass Pisces

Ichi boka remhuka riri zvachose zvamazuva ose nokuda hwomutambarakede upenyu zvose yakachena uye munyu mvura. Kupfuura zvose, ichi streamlined pezvakaita muviri, izvo zvinoita kuti kufamba nyore. muviri wavo yakafukidzwa pachikero. Inochengetedza hove mumvura kukweshera uye kunobatsira papfungwa mairi. The ganda anosunungura yakawanda madzihwa, sezvo mamwe kudzivirirwa. Zvimbi - kubva vhiri rimwe mhando kuti anosarudza kukwanisa kufamba. A dakashwa afemeruke, vachibvumira kubereka okisijeni kubva mumvura, pakupedzisira anosarudza dzinogarisana mhuka idzi.

Just rakasiyana wemishonga STRUCTURAL zvinhu vane hove. Kirasi hove cartilaginous uye mapfupa - ndivo makirasi maviri zvipenyu izvi. Pasinei vanhuwo kwezvakatipoteredza, ivo vose zvinhu zvakafanana uye zvakasiyana pamusoro muviri.

External maumbirwo hove

hove All, kirasi cartilaginous nehove uye mapfupa, vane chikamu muviri. Iri chaiyo musoro, hunde uye muswe. Iri pamberi pemaziso, muromo uye mumhino.

muviri hove wakafukidzwa mafunurwa, iro rinobva horny ganda inotungamirwa. The murwere-up ayo akaitwa nhurikidzwa, unogona kuona nyore makore mhuka. Izvi zvinogona kufananidzwa nokuumbwa marin'i wepagore pamuti hunde. Mushure pachikero rinomira kukura yechando, uye anoenderera mberi kwacho kubva asvika kwematsutso.

Kana kuti Sharks description, zvakakodzera kuratidza kuvapo dakashwa slits pamuviri rehove. Órgãos mamwechetewo uye skates. Kusiyana nevamwe hove vane gills akafukidzwa lids.

The womukati maumbirwo hove

All anatomi dzaitungamirira upenyu hwemvura mhuka idzi.

All mapfupa marangwanda ikashandiswa kupinda 3 zvikamu: musoro, muviri uye zvimbi. The dehenya inodzivirira yakavimbika uropi. It rinoumbwa mapfupa dakashwa cover uye arcs. Vertebrae, zvinosanganisira muviri, uye arcs vanoumba mugero umo musana iri. zenze marangwanda anoumbwa matanda, vakabatana tsandanyama, zvichiguma kwebasa zvimbi.

All shwashwa hove kusanganisira, vane yakafanana nemamiriro zvomudumbu hurongwa. It anomiririrwa muromo yokutanga, oropharyngeal mhango, yegurokuro, dumbu uye ura. In cartilaginous Ura hove inoguma horo, mu pfupa - the cloaca. Zvomudumbu mumasero - rwatata uye chiropa - secrete makemikari zvavo muchivigiro ducts ari ura duku.

Nhengo akauya itsvo yavaive - aiwanzopiwa wokushanda miviri Ribbon-kufanana umo metabolic zvigadzirwa kuunganidza zvichitungamirira kunze kuburikidza ureters.

Fema kushandisa gills hove, anogona kusunungura okisijeni kubva mvura. Zvinosanganisira arcs uye petals. In hove mhou kufema fambisa vakatakudzwa kubva achibatsirwa yacho Gill rinofukidza. In cartilaginous inhalation yokutanga kunze cheap car insurance - 6-7 zvidimbu kurutivi rumwe norumwe.

Mune zvisingawanzoitiki boka remhuka hwemvura - lungfish - gills kunze kune chiedza yokuwedzera. Asi kugara kunyika havagoni. Nyore chinobatanidza kuna yegurokuro, achivabvumira mugare mvura shoma yakachena kugutsikana.

The kweropa Hurongwa chinomiririrwa maviri yokuvata mwoyo uye vascular hurongwa yakavharwa. hove dzose dziri mhuka ine utsinye. Izvi zvinoreva kuti avo tembiricha muviri kunobva zvakatipoteredza.

Tsinga ine uropi uye musana. In wokutanga wavo vangazivikanwa kunyanya kukura cerebellum, iyo anosarudza zvakaoma kufamba rehove.

Meso hove kuvabvumira kusiyanisa chete hurukuro zvinhu zvemandorokwati. A basa guru iri kuridzwa pakati lateral mutsetse pfungwa nhengo hove, yavanobata kuona vibrations nemvura yaro velocity.

hove mhou

Pavanondirwisa vanomiririra ruzhinji mhuka idzi hwemvura. Mhou hove dzinoratidzwa mana makuru zvinhu:

• kuti marangwanda;
• pamberi dzinoshambira dundira;
• Gill pabutiro;
• dehwe iri yakafukidzirwa pachikero.

Swimbladder rinomiririra yegurokuro outgrowth pamwe matete namasvingo akazara magasi. Pamusana kuvapo kwake kuenderana pakati kunodzikira hove. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti raizoitirwa mumvura nyore. Uyezve, kana okisijeni kushayiwa nemvura yaro imwe inzwi kunogona kupfuura kubva dzinoshambira dundira kusvika ropa.

Zviratidzo nehove cartilaginous

Asi boka iri mhuka, nekusiyana, rine cartilaginous marangwanda uye dakashwa slits pachinzvimbo cover. hove Cartilaginous havana dzinoshambira dundira. Izvi anosarudza nzira youpenyu uye dzinogarisana. Saka, mawere vari pedo pasi upenyu, uye Sharks vanongogara kufamba.

kunakidza chaizvo ndiye zvipenyu yavo. nehove Cartilaginous, mukusiyana kune pfupa, kwete yakafukidzirwa pachikero. It iri muviri wavo nomumwe mitsara uye dzinoumba zvinhu hwakasimba - dentin. Externally, pachikero vari hove cartilaginous afanane mazino.

Chii hove cartilaginous? Kumboda zvakatapwa. Naizvozvo, mazino avo vari yakarongwa mumitsara dzakawanda. Sharks regai kutsenga zvokudya zvavo. Anobatirira zvakatapwa yavo, misodzi uye kumedza chose.

Pectorals nehove cartilaginous dziri mune chinjikira ndege. Saka, kufamba kwavo mumvura patakafanana ichikwira shiri.

zvinotyisa zvikara

Description mugumisiro rehove kutya munhu, kunyange kushinga kupfuura munhu. Uye avo vakapunyuka kusangana chikara, ungangova kuyeuka nayo. Izvi haisi tsaona.

Sharks vari illegible zvachose chikafu. Uye kunyange zvazvo vamwe vavo vanoda kudya plankton, vakawanda vanosarudza yakakura kudya.

Taxonomists vari marudzi anenge 250 Sharks. Asi chikuru uye kupfuura ngozi zvavo shato huru uye hofori muviri pakureba anogona kusvika 15 metres.

Kana vakawanda hove inozivikanwa zvokunze fertilization, mamwe marudzi Sharks vari ovoviviparous. Caviar rakaramba mumuviri munhukadzi, uye pashure munyika muchangosangana wake kukura muduku munhu kuti chose chine musoro.

stingrays

Pakutanga, izvi yakanyarara benthic vamiririri hove cartilaginous pozi hapana ngozi vamwe. Asi mwaranzi muri zvikara, preying pamusoro molluscs, echinoderms uye crustaceans.

Zvakasikwa, zviri anonyanya stingray, asi Freshwater mhando kuvapowo. Pakati mhando yemwaranzi - stingray, yemagetsi, manta, pachaenzaniswa.

pakuonekwa Haakundikani kufadza. flattened muviri dorsoventrally. Zvimbi fused naye, uye kuti kutaura zita boka iri mhuka, zvinoreva "bhachi".

Saizi muviri kuri hunoshamisa. Somuenzaniso, kureba yegungwa-dhiyabhorosi (jasi) anogona kupfuudza 6 metres, mapapiro - kusvika 3. Ivo vanogona kuyera zvakawanda 2 matani.

Interesting ndechokuti ari mwaranzi inogona kubhururuka. Haana kuita shiri, Chokwadi. Asi, asvetuka mumvura 1.5 metres, ivo kusika pfungwa iyoyo.

zvichireva elasmobranchs

Mabasa evanhu nenzvimbo nzvimbo inokosha hove. Kirasi nehove cartilaginous chinotyisidzira kwete chete. Leather rehove akaita mabhegi uye muzvikwama. nyama yavo ane zvinokosha nutritive ehupfumi, mafuta ndiko mavhitaminzi uye kuronda zvinhu.

Stingray zvakare chinhu wezvokutengeserana. Asi vazhinji vavo vari ngozi kuvanhu. hvostokolov was kunogona kuparadza, uye yemagetsi ranzi chokupfeka - remadza.

nehove Cartilaginous zvinoshamisa vamiririri mhuka hwemvura kuti basa rinokosha kuumba zvokudya cheni uye nyaya chakagadzirwa maberekero.