Fort Kronstadt. Multimedia ratidza

City St. Petersburg - ndiyo imwe yenyika huru nzvimbo nzvimbo. Asi vashoma vanoziva kuti zvinokwezva ayo dziri kwete chete haizi pachitsuwa. Kuwedzera mamiziyamu, machechi, nzizi uye dzoushe pamwe mumapaki, North guta guru Russia anozvikudza uye masvingo yekare. Mushure Peter Mukuru, kuvaka maguta pasi chaizvo mhino yacho yeSweden aifanira kutarisira kuchengeteka yake kubva mugungwa. Ndokusaka muna Gulf, pamwe kumaodzanyemba mativi, akarayira kuvakwa kuzviwi nhare. Kana, kana muvengi rengarava anokoromora kudzivirira nhare idzi, vaifanira kusangana Kronstadt nhare. It riri pachitsuwa Kotlin, makiromita chete makumi maviri kubva kumahombekombe huru, iyo iri Saint Petersburg. Ngatitorei rakapotsa vachiratidzwa wokupedzisira kuzvidzivirira kutenderera guta riri Neva.

Panowanikwa wokutanga dzavarwi

Kotlin Island akanga ataurwa yaMakoronike pamberi akazviratidza panyika map St. Petersburg. "Orekhovskiy rugare chibvumirano" remakore hwegumi, akasarudzwa kuti ave kuyambuka muganhu pfungwa pakati umambo Sweden uye ari Novgorod Republic. Asi pashure pemakore mazana matatu chitsuwa vakatamira zvarinoroora hwokuchamhembe vavakidzani. Kotlin yeSweden rakashandiswa chirimo kupaka zvikepe zvavo. In Mumatsutso 1703 Peter I akarayira kuvaka nhare pachitsuwa. Panguva imwe yechando Kotlin akanga akavakirirwa chakagadzirwa murwi, Munotatamura nazvo huru. Panguva iyi muGulf of Finland harina kudzika chaizvo, uye izvi zvakaita kuti pasave mai kwemutemo midziyo makuru. Kana muna 1704 akatangazve navigation, yeSweden akawana kuti kuenda Neva Bay hazvibviri, uye dzavarwi pamire pachitsuwa yavo. Muna May, nhare munyika yokumwe yakanga yakatsaurwa uye akapiwa zita Kronshlot (kubva nenduru. "Royal Palace"). Rakanga dzavarwi wokutanga. Kronstadt sezvo nhare yakaonekwa kwapera. Kronshlot iri kumaodzanyemba pamahombekombe pachitsuwa Kotlin.

Nhoroondo nhare Guta Kronstadt

Peter aishuva kuti nzvimbo iyi yakatanga kugarwa. Naizvozvo, chitsuwa akatanga kufambisa kushanda vanhu, pakati kirasi uye navatengesi. Kuti akurudzire kutama Kotlin kwamachinda, Peter I akarayira kuvaka muzinda wake pano. Zvinosuruvarisa pfungwa iyi mubereko nanhasi haina hwaponeswa. Asi pachitsuwa iye ndokugara rokuItari A. Menshikov Palace. Muna 1706, yaiva kumadokero pamhenderekedzo Kotlina yakavakwa redoubt Alexander-mugoronga. Muna October 1723, Peter I vakaradzikwa vaitamba mutambo mhepo Fort Kronstadt. The rokuremekedza iri, zvakare, munguva imwe shanduro kubva Dutch rinoreva "Royal City". Panguva ino, chitsuwa yave vazhinji dzimba. Mambo akarayira kuti nhare itsva inofanira vachiapoteredza nemasvingo aidzivirira eguta rose uye shipyard. The kuvakwa wenhare yakapera muna 1747.

Southern nhare pamusoro Kronstadt

Masvingo guta rakanga reconstructed kanoverengeka. Izvi zvaida nekukudziridza uto rwokugadzira. Kuti tirwise inozezesa zvinogona zvombo muvengi, hurumende guta akavakazve akwegura uye akavaka nhare itsva. Panguva ino, pane kuzvidzivirira St. Petersburg Zvivako maviri nomumwe. Namanomwe vavo iri zvitsuwa Gulf Finland. Izvi vysyaschiesya mvura zvakananga kubva nhare dzose Kronstadt (mufananidzo wavo pamberi penyu) kuti zvirambe zviri nevashanyi. Conventionally, kuzvidzivirira zvose nhare idzi rakakamurwa kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba (zvichienderana nzvimbo hama kuna Kotlin chitsuwa). First akazviratidza, sezvo tinorangarira, Kronshlot. Akanga gare gare vaisanganisa nomumwe nhare nomwe rwezasi vekutanga nevechipiri, Milutin, Mambo Paul I, Battery, Prince Menshikov, uye Emperor Alexander I.

Northern nhare pamusoro Kronstadt

Nhare izvi vakatanga kunzi kusangana muvengi yakakuwandira. Vanodawo nomwe. Uyezve, kuti adzikatidza ndima muvengi rengarava kuna St. Petersburg, vaifanira azvidzivirire Kronstadt. North Fort nhamba 2 ichiri riri pachitsuwa, apo mumwe zvakabatana huru kubudikidza Kotlin uye nomugwagwa mhete mugwagwa. Mumwe nhare mbiri dzinonzi Krasnoarmeyskaya uye Ordzhonikidzevskaya.

Nhare pachitsuwa Kotlin

Chekutanga zvakanga zvakakodzera kusimbisa kutaundi Kronstadt. Saka, kunze musimboti wenhare, pakubhiti guta, vakavaka webetsero masvingo. First vaiva embankments (kuhondo). With kukura kwezvinhu unyanzvi uye reconstructed masvingo. For vashanyi yaunopota kufarira nhare nhare. It yakavakwa 1724 uye Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Petro I. makore gumi gare gare muna 1808 apo hondo yakatanga pamwe yeSweden, kumaodzanyemba pachitsuwa paiva hunyambiri bhatiri, iyo yava kunzi Fort Constantine. Nechokumadokero Kotlin, pamusoro pfira, pamire Dzedu Dziri. At nzvimbo imwe muhari redoubt 1706 Alexander mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, dzavarwi yakavakwa Schantz. Kronstadt munguva Second World War, pamwe munzvimbo idzi shelled mauto eGermany midzi pamhenderekedzo yokuchamhembe of Gulf - kubva Zelenogorsk kusvikira Beloostrov.

Excursions muna Kronstadt

On Kotlin Island, iyo yava kubatikana, zvinogona nomuongorori mugwagwa uye kuburikidza nomunhu pachivande tanera. Zvino guta-dzavarwi Kronstadt akava ruwa St. Petersburg. Masvingo pachitsuwa Kotlin kuona uye ita. Vamwe vavo vari varombo ezvinhu nokuda kakawanda mafashamo. Kuongorora nhare wokuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba mativi, unofanira kutora chikepe rwokuparidza. Izvi revashanyi pamusoro katerke Tours zvinoitiswa chete munguva inodziya mwedzi. Excursions siya kubva Fort Constantine. Asi vashanyi havaendi pamahombekombe kuongorora chacho masvingo.