Gas Mapaipi kuna China. Design uye dhayagiramu ane gasi Mapaipi kuna China

Russia uye China chibvumirano yakakura nokuda nerubatsiro negasi. Gas Mapaipi kuna China vanotarisirwa kuti "Gazprom" kuti Siyanisai kunze kwenyika, uye kubatsirawo kuti zvimwe kubudirira pamwe pakati penyika mbiri.

The chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa

Pakapera May 2014 pakati wokuRussia uye Chinese vanhu Republic (anomiririrwa nemakambani "Gazprom" uye CNPC) dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro nerubatsiro negasi kubva munyika yedu. Gwaro akanga yakasainwa apo China akaramba yepamutemo kushanya President Russian. The Vhoriyamu chibvumirano - $ 400 billion uye kwayo nguva - makore 30. Gore negore, zvinyorwa vachava mabhiriyoni 38 cubic metres negasi.

chibvumirano ichi akasiyana kuti "Gazprom". With hapana zvimwe zvibvumirano zvakadaro boka wokuRussia haina asi akagumisa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti China achagamuchira gasi panguva yakaderera mutengo (inenge $ 350 paminiti cubic metres zviuru), iyo wakanyatsokodzera Russia (isu pakutanga akakumbira 400). Pamwe chibvumirano pakati penyika mbiri akasaina gwaro njere panguva yokutanga negasi zvitengeswa. Nokuti kuurayiwa kondirakiti ichavakwa mutsva gasi Mapaipi kubva kuRussia China.

Zvakandiomera nzira kuti nemasaini

gasi ngaakuitirei siyana vezvenhau mazuva mashomanana asati kusaina pakati Russia uye China yakashuma kuti Nhaurirano kunge nemhuru, uye hapana chibvumirano yave akagumisa havagoni kuva.

zvichemo idzi nedzimwe nyanzvi kuti zvimwe kururamisira - kwete muduku nokuti richiri makore mashomanana akanga apfuura oedza kugumisa chibvumirano chakadaro pakati Russia uye China yacho havana kubudirira. Somuenzaniso, ari St. Petersburg Economic Forum muna 2011: vamiririri Chinese gasi makambani vave pamusoro payo, asi haana kusvika sungano Russian navo. Chikonzero chaiva Kusawirirana mutengo pamusoro. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti mashoko Russian gasi akapa kaviri sezvo China aigona kuwana kubva kune dzimwe nyika, kunyanya kubva Central inoti Asian. Saka, mubvunzo kana kuoneka kana kwete gasi Mapaipi kubva kuRussia China, kare akaramba akakodzera.

Gas chibvumirano: zvichakanganisa sei kuti hukama pakati Russia uye China?

Kunyatsogona ari inokosha Kudyidzana pakati Russia uye China dzakaiswa mune rechi90. Muna 2001, hurumende dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro rakanga kuva inogara zvakanaka-vavakidzani uye ushamwari. Muna 2011, vakaedza kushandurira inokosha pamwe ari mundege, uye vakatenda vamwe nyanzvi, kutotarisira kuitika mberi gasi kondirakiti.

Pane shanduro zvichangobva nemasaini nechibvumirano vachivimbisa kwete chete maererano makomborero zvemari nokuti "Gazprom", asi mashoko kuwana pfuma kuti pave nemamwe sectors pakati upfumi zvose munyika. Zvinonzi aronga abate vaitenderera wandei mari mu kwezvivako (semuenzaniso, kuvakwa bhiriji mhiri Amur River), mari zvirongwa chokuita ushanyi uye rutsigiro zvemagariro vakwegura. Russian-Chinese pamwe anogona kuenda yakadzika uye kumatunhu, kunyanya avo chichakurukurwa aisa panze zvinokosha zvenyaya gasi Mapaipi.

vimba maonero

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti kusaina chesungano pakati China uye Russia iri gasi zvinhu uye chibvumirano nokukurumidza kuti uchatanga kuvakwa gasi Mapaipi kuna China - chiitiko chikuru chinokosha yose nyika. Izvi, vaongorori vanoti, achaita kubatanidza upfumi zvose kunyika, uye ichaunza zvikomborero zvakawanda wose. Pane shanduro mativi vari nemaune akaita tobvuma chete kuti chibvumirano chakaitwa.

Dai zvisina, chibvumirano kunge tisina vakasaina. Naizvozvo, vaongorori vanoti, zvinokosha chaizvo kuti Russia uye China vakanga pakutanga kuisa panguva mugumisiro. On nzvimbo huru Chinese pepanhau raiva ongororo pakati vanoshandisa. Mubvunzo ndewokuti: "Chii chinonyanya kukosha kwauri - chokwadi kuti kusaina chibvumirano pakati Russia uye China, kana upfumi tibatsirwe?" vanozvishandisa Most achasarudza kusarudza kutanga. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti Chinese hurumende iri pamwero akaratidza zvido vagari. Uyewo, maererano vaongorori, gasi kondirakiti kuchabatsira nyika kuti awedzere kuva nechivimbo okugadzirisa nyaya Kugadzirwa Asia-Pacific nharaunda. Kuvaka Mapaipi kuna China, Russia, saka, unogona kunowedzerawo simba enyika yavo.

tariro maonero

Kune nyanzvi mune zvenhau shanduro wemasaini gasi chibvumirano ne China haana runobatsira Russia. nyika yedu, maererano vatsigiri maonero ichi, zvichida chinhu kuwana nemashoko mutengo, asi akarasikirwa tichitarisa ari mamiriro ezvinhu romugove negasi. Pano tiri kutaura pamusoro pfungwa kutora kana mari (zvinoreva "kutora kana kubhadhara"), iro "Gazprom", sezvo mutemo, zvinosanganisira makondirakiti ayo. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti chinhu vaisagona kuva mune yakasainwa pakati Russia uye China chibvumirano.

Izvi zvingaita kuti chokwadi kuti Russia, wakati akavaka zvinodhura gasi wedzerai kwezvivako acharwisana kusada anorwukonzera nokushingaira. Saka Kuvakwa gasi Mapaipi kuna China kunogona hazvikubatsiriyi. Somugumisiro, hurumende vachafanira kutsvaka mari kuti muripo pangava mari.

ari Mapaipi chido sei

Zvinotarisirwa kuti gasi Mapaipi kuna China chichange akakunda kuburikidza Altai nharaunda. Kana ukatarira nhoroondo Russian-Chinese ukama pamusoro gasi nyaya, uchaona kuti muenzaniso uyu wakaonekwa kare 90s. Natural Gas Mapaipi Project muna China yave iripo kwenguva refu. The mubvunzo waiva chete mutengo, asi zvino kuti ari kugadziriswa, sezvo nyanzvi dzinofunga pane Zvinogoneka kuti chibvumirano, mapato ichatanga kushandisa muridzo unoridzirwa kubudikidza Altai. The chikuru zvechadenga Mapaipi ndeinotevera. Kureba mutsetse uri 2.6 zviuru km vanokwanisa -. Cubic metres About mabhiriyoni 30. Izvi zvichaita kuti kupa gasi kuti aivapo kugadzirwa nzvimbo Yamal mudunhu. Kuwedzera "Altai" gasi Mapaipi kuna China uye urongwa reRussia - kuronga hurukuro mafuta nemamwe nebazi. It panofanira kuva chikamu Yakutia kuna Vladivostok uye mapazi China pamusoro Blagoveshchensk divi. Development huru munda kuti shinda ichi - Chayandinskoye - achaparadzwa raparurwa, maererano urongwa nyika mbiri muna 2019. zano uyu gasi Mapaipi kuna China nyanzvi dzakawanda kunoita kwazvo pfungwa uye inobudirira.

Sezvo chibvumirano kuchachinja dzimwe misika

Maererano nedzimwe nezvoupfumi, akasaina pakati Russia uye China vakatenderana kwete yekudyidzana kukanganisa gasi ukama pakati "Gazprom" uye Europe. Kunyanya nokuti EU mune ramangwana pedyo anogona suma tsika wokuponesa uye kutanga kudya zvishoma gasi. The chibvumirano pakati Russia uye China, nyanzvi dzinoti, musava chaiyo manyawi, somunhu dzoro zviitiko zvakadaro, pfungwa, zviri zvikuru musoro pamusoro pakanyorwa urongwa, kupona pamakore yapfuura. Uye gasi Mapaipi "Altai" mu China - haisi chirongwa chitsva.

Uyewo, vaongorori vanoti, haumanikidzwi kuona kwainge pakati zvirango kuRussia nemhaka ezvinhu Ukraine. Relations pakati Russia uye China, saka regai kutakura enyika raidudzwa chechinyorwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi European vane chokwadi chokuti Russia akanga achironga kusaina chibvumirano ne China refu isati kuitika munyika dzakawanda munhandare.

pfungwa USA

Vamwe vaongorori US vanowanzotevedzera kubvunza zvinobatsira kuRussia kubva nokusaina gasi chibvumirano ne China dzaigona kushandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo kuti zvido Russian kuti zvimwe kuchengetedzwa kubva zvirango nenyika dzokumavirira. Nyanzvi US vanodavira kuti kudaro zvose pachena pamusoro chibvumirano mutengo, sezvo zvichiita sokuti: kwavo maonero, China kuzvitenga kuti "Gazprom" idukusa raitwa Somuenzaniso, nyika dzokuEurope. On hwaro ichi, Russia, vaongorori vanoti, richiri akaita zvichemo. Zvino China, saka vakabatsirwa kusaina chibvumirano - zvose nemashoko mutengo uye chibvumirano zvivanakire nzvimbo gasi Mapaipi. Uyewo, vokuAmerica kutenda zvose akasimuka Russia - ndiko mukana wokuratidza Europe kuti Siyanisai gasi zvokuyamura. Uyezve, vaongorori vokuUnited States, Russia haadi kuonekwa paine chisarudzo kana ayo kuvimba kwoupfumi musi China mukuru kupfuura Europe. Uye zvinofanira kutora paunoronga kuvaka gasi Mapaipi kuna China, "Gazprom".

Rapanzvimbo chibvumirano

Saka, gasi Mapaipi kuna China achakupaiwo Russian gasi ari muvakidzani bhiriyoni 38 cubic metres pagore. A mugove kana zvishoma? Achitaura nhamba chokuita negasi romugove maumbirwo Russia munyika dzakasiyana panyika. Muna 2013, "Gazprom" kuti Export mabhiriyoni 196 cubic metres negasi kuburikidza mapaipi. Ndicho soro mwero makore manomwe. The chikuru vatengi wokuRussia gasi - non-Kishi kunyika. Muna 2012, vakatenga mabhiriyoni 138,8 cubic metres peturu. The chikuru importers wokuRussia gasi vaiva Germany, Turkey uye Italy. Uyewo Kishi nyika uye kuBaltic States muna 2012 vakanga aivigirwa mabhiriyoni 64,4 cubic metres peturu. Zvakaratidza kuti ramangwana gasi zvacho China - iri vanenge 20% of kuitika chokupika "Gazprom". The Chinese musika anogona, saka, kuti amirire hafu zvavanoda ukuparadze dzakavakidzana uye anopfuura kota - kubva vatengi European (kana isu kutora sehwaro cha2012 nenhamba). Mubvunzo ndewokuti, sei nokukurumidza ivakwe chete gasi Mapaipi kuna China vachishandisa Altai.

Sei Russian gasi kuna China?

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira: China inoda Russian gasi haidereri kupfuura Russian Federation - ekisipoti. The chikuru zvinhu izvi ezvinhu chokuita emari China uye zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Muna 2013, inenge chetatu gasi mu China akanga kupinza. Mugove kupinza huni, vaongorori vanoti, muna China iri kukura, sezvo mudzimba kudiwa inowedzerawo. Kana muna 2012 mugove gasi mune simba rakawanda muna China aiva 5.4%, muna 2014 projected mufananidzo 6.3%.

Maererano Chinese nehurumende Zvaifungidzirwa, muna 2015 upfumi munyika achada mabhiriyoni 230 cubic metres peturu. uwandu Yakafanira gasi kurimwa munyika China hakusi kukuru. Vanokura (by 12% pagore), asi kwete sokunge zvokudya zvinodyiwa wayo (18% pagore). Environmental zvikonzero zviri Zvinokoshawo. China rinofanira kushandurirwa rinochiwedzera kuti anokonzera mudukusa kukuvadza nechisikirwo. Gas, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi - yakanaka kuita. Kunyanya kuti nokukurumidza kuchava zvinoshamisa Zano gasi Mapaipi kuna China.

Ko Russia vane vakwikwidzi?

Zvino vaviri huru negasi nokutengesa muna prc they - ndiye Turkmenistan (muna 2012 nyika iyi hwakagadzira China anenge mabhiriyoni 20 cubic metres negasi) uye Qatar. Mumakore anotevera, nyanzvi dzinoti, mufananidzo kunze kwenyika kubva aimbova zvokuvhoterwa Soviet vaigona kusvika mabhiriyoni 65 mamwe gasi bhizimisi mu China -. Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Yemen. Zvakaratidza kuti Russia ndiyo panguva - zambiringa rating, uye pombi wake kupinda Mapaipi kuna China achava simba mukwikwidzi kune dzimwe nyika.