Gomo rePynenees: tsanangudzo nemifananidzo

Makomo ePyrenees anofadza nekusiyana kwavo. Ikoko kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakakwirira, mukati mazvo dzakavanzika mumapako akadzika, uye mumipata inoonekwa semvura zhinji. Uye zvinonyanya kukoshesa ndezvokuti mhuka dzesango dzinenge dzisati dzisati dzasarudzwa nehupenyu.

Tsanangudzo

Zvinyorwa zvePyrenees ndezvikomo zvepakati-refu, izvo zvinotenderera makiromita 450 kubva kuBay Biscay kumavirazuva uye kuGungwa reMediterranean zvichienda kumabvazuva. Zvikomo zvakakura pakati pe1600 uye 2500 mamita. Makomo ePyrenees ari pamuganhu weSpain neFrance. Uye mune chikamu chekumabvazuva chavo nyika duku yeAndorra yakavanza.

Makomo Pyrenees achiri vaduku, kunyange vachiri vakuru kudarika, semuenzaniso, maAlps uye Andes. Makore mamiriyoni mazana mashanu apfuura akapfuura akamira kumaodzanyemba. Panguva yekukura kwavo, makomo aya ainyanya kukonzerwa nekukwira kwevhu. Nokudaro pano uye ipapo nzvimbo yacho inenge ichiyeuchidza yeGreat Canyon muAmerica. Uye ipapo makomo akanyatsopindira gungwa, sezvinopupurirwa nekuvapo kwezvinyoro zvinyoro zviduku, zvakadai semakona emadokero, nekuda kwekuderera kwaro kwakagadzira matongo emakarita - mapako. Zvadaro kukanganisa kweplates lithospheric kwakatanga, uye Pyrenees makomo akasununguka uye akawira pasi. Izvo zvose izvi uye zvinokonzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaitiro ekuzorodzwa.

Zvikamu zvakasiyana zvePyrenees

IPyrenees makomo inharaunda yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: Atlantic (kumadokero), Aragones (pakati), Mediterranean (kumabvazuva).

I Atlantic Pyrenees ndeyedzimwe nyika mbiri: France neSpain. Kubvira kumadokero kusvika kumabvazuva, kukwirira kwavo kunowedzera zvishoma.

Mipata yeAragonese inongova kuSpain chete, heino gomo rakakwirira kupfuura rose rePyrenees, iyo inowanikwa Aneta (3404), Monte Perdido (3348) uye Vinhmal (3298). Kubvira kuSpanish, maAragonese Pyrenees anowanikwa nyore nyore, munharaunda yeFrance ivo vari kukurumidza uye vakanyanya. Pano unokwanisa kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe kuburikidza neSomport Pass. Kuenda kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo iyo maPyrenees aripo, pane rwizi rwakasiyana rwakafanana neSierra de Guerra. Zvose zvemazuva ano zvinoshandiswa zvinowanikwawo mukati.

Mipirini yeMediterranean yakanyanya kufanana neSpanish, kupfuura France. Pakati pavo ndeye nyika yakawanda, iyo iri mumakomo. Uyu ndiwo hutungamiri hweAndorra.

Mumakomo ePyrenees unogona kutarisa mumatare eFrance: The Upper Pyrenees, Upper Garonne, Aude, Ariège uye Atlantic Pyrenees. KuSpain ndewe: Basque Country, Huesca, Lleida, Navarre, Catalonia, Girona.

Nhoroondo yePyrenees

Makomo ekutanga ePyrenees aigara nevanhu vekare, vaigara mumapako e karst, sezvinoratidzwa nemifananidzo yakavezwa nematombo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, basa guru revanhu, kunze kwekuvhima, ndeyekurima, kukura mazambiringa.

IPyrenees ndiyo makomo akaita basa guru munhau yeEurope. Pano paiva nehurumende itsva, pakanga pane hondo. Hannibal mushandirapamwe oga ndiye akapinda mumabhuku. VaCarthaini vakayambuka maPyrenees kuburikidza neSerdan (Lleida neGirona), kuburikidza nePeh Pass neTeta mupata, ndokubva vatamira kune Apennine peninsula, vachironga kukurira Umambo hweRoma muItaly.

Tourism

Vafambi vekufamba nemakomo vanowanzosarudza kusagadzirwa zvakanaka uye kuyambuka neAlps, uye zvakaoma kusvika kuPyrenees. Pasinei nehupamhi hwayo yakareba yakakwirira, nzira dziri mumakomo aya dzakaoma uye dzine ngozi. Izvo zvinetso zvePyrenees ndezvokuti pane zvisina kufanira kudarika pakati pavo uye vashomanana kupfuura, rusvingo urwu rwakakura rwakaparadzanisa peninsula kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope. Hapana migwagwa pano, zvisinei nemvura zhinji, masango, masango.

Mhuka dzesango pano dzakachengetedzwa zviri nani kudarika muAlps imwe chete. Pano tinorarama: chamois, bex, boars, bears uye kunyange mhumhi, iyo inenge isisati iri sechimiro cheEurope. Pyrenees akafanana nemakomo muRussia, akadai, semuenzaniso, kuCaucasus. Zvechokwadi, pano 3404 ndiyo yakakwirira yakakwirira yemakomo. Mapirinne munyaya iyi haagoni kuenzaniswa naElbrus - nzvimbo yakakwirira yenyika yedu, asi mukurumbira ivo, zvichida, pasina nzira yakaderera. Makomo aya aive akajairika nevafudzi vazhinji vekunyanyisa: speleologists, climbers, skiers uye vatambi vanofamba.

Aneto Peak

Gomo rakakwirira kupfuura rose rePyrenees, rine zita rinonzi Aneto, iri muruwa rweSpain rweHuesca. VaFrance vanoitumidza kuti Pic de Net. MuSpain yose iri munzvimbo yechitatu pakureba. Pamusoro peAneto pane nzvimbo yakakura pane imwe nyika iri munyika ino, iyo inosvika 79.6 hectares (2005). Kukwidza kune chikwata ichi chinokwira kune vanosimudza vanoita kubva ku "pokugara raRenklus", iri panzvimbo yakakwirira mamita 2140. Kwira mugwagwa unotungamira kune chikamu chesefu chegungwa.

Kukwira kwakadaro kunofungidzirwa kusinganzwisisiki, vatashanyi vakawanda vanokwira mugomo gore roga roga, pasina zvakakwana pasina kukwira. Nokudaro, gomo rakakwirira kwazvo rePyrenees rinowanikwa nyore. Muzhinji, nguva yekukwira inobva munaJuly kusvika kuSeptember. Nenzira, wokutanga kukunda gomo iri muzhizha ra1842 raiva wekodzero yedu, mutungamiriri weRussia Plato Alexandrovich Chikhachev. Aine chikamu cheboka racho aiva mazano: Pierre Sanio de Luz, Luschonné Bernard Arrazo, Pierre Redondne. Ikoko pakange panewo botanist Albert de Frankiville uye mutungamiri Jean Sor. Pamusoro, vakasiya piramidi yematombo uye bhodhoro nemazita avo. Kupera kwechando kwakaitika muna 1878.

Circus of Gavarni

Iyo Gavarni Circus ye glacial yakabva kune rimwe divi kune rumwe rutivi rwaro rusvingo rwematombo. Iyi inzvimbo yakakurumbira inonzi Pyrenees, yakashamisa munyori Victor Hugo. Iyo inowanikwawo mune urongwa hweUNESCO. Icho chiyero chekisikasi pasi apa makiromita 3.5, uye kumusoro iyo inowedzera kusvika makiromita 14.

Kureba kwekuora mwoyo uku ndiko mamita 1400 pamusoro pemvura yegungwa, pedo neyo chikwata chechipiri pakakwirira muPyrenees - Monte Perdido. Kubva pamadziro e circus inoyerera nzizi dzemvura, zvichiumba mune dzimwe nzvimbo mvura zhinji. Muchando vanovhenekera uye vashandura kuva mazaya echando, apo vanosimudza mitambo yakanyanya kukura. Kunyanya kusiyaniswa pakati pemvura yese iri Gavarni waterfall. Kuwa kwayo kusununguka kwakatambanudzwa nemamita 422.

Kwenguva yakareba, Gavarni waterfall yaifungidzirwa kuva yakakwirira muEurope, kusvikira mvura yakawanda yemvura yakawanikwa muNorway. Kuti uone chishamiso ichi chakasiyana-siyana chezvisikwa, mutashanyi anofanira kutanga kusvika kumusha weGavarni, uye kubva ipapo, ita nzira yakanaka yekuyambuka, inotora nguva inenge awa. Panewo nzvimbo yekutamba ine mabhenji kubva kwaunokwanisa kumira mvurafall uye kutora mufananidzo. Panzvimbo yepamusoro ye2-2.5, kune mazai echando. Rusvingo rwema 1200-mita-refu rweGavarni runokwezva vanofamba makomo.

Pierre-Saint-Martin Cave

Nzvimbo yakakurumbira yekarst yaPaul-Saint-Martin yava nenguva yakareba seyo yakadzika pasi pedu. Uyu ndiwo mubako wechipiri munyika umo iwe unogona kuenda pasi pevhu kupfuura kwekilomita imwe.

Kwekutanga, maFrance neBelgium mapleologist akauya pano muna 1953. Vakakunda tsime rakakura, vachishandisa gumbo nemudonzvo nematafura esimbi. Ipapo pakanga pasina teknolojia yakagadziriswa yekutenderera kwemapako akadaro. Rwendo rwacho rwakasvika pamakiromita 737 mamita, apo rakarasikirwa nemumwe mutori. Izvi zvakanyatsofungidzirwa panguva iyoyo yakakura munyika yose.

Mazana mamita 700 emvura yakadzika aiva nengozi zvikuru, saka zvaikwanisika kukurira mubako gare gare, kunyanya nekuda kwegwagwa wakaputika padombo. Chikamu che karst chinogona kuongororwa kusvika pamakiti emamita 1006, mukova wechipiri wakawanikwa zvakare. Kutenda kuhutano nehwanda duku Tet Sauvage, kumira kwakakwana kwaPetro Saint Martin kwakasvika mamita 1171.

Lourdes

Iri guta reFrance, iro rinozivikanwawo nevashanyi uye vanofambira. Iko kune nzvimbo iyo mapiri ePyrenees achangobva kutanga, ndiko kuti, mumakomo ezasi. Pano, maererano nenyengeri, kwaive kuonekwa kweMhandara Maria kumusikana musikana ane makore 14 Bernadette. Zvakaitika mubako reMesabieri. Madzimai edu aive kumusikana kanopfuura kamwe, uye 18. Panguva iyi, mwana wacho akadzoka kubva kuchirwere, mushure mekunge ashambidza mumushonga wekuporesa, uyo wakataura kuna Maria.

Gare gare, Bernadette aionekwa somutsvene. Pamusoro pamapako akavakwa nechechi yakatsaurirwa kuna Immaculate Conception yaMaria. Kusvikira ikozvino, vatendi vauya pano kuzonyengetera uye kunwa mvura kubva kune chitubu chitsvene.

Guta rine musamuziyamu anokwanisa kutarirwa: Bernadette Subiru, Greven (mufananidzo wechitendero) uye yeInderia yakasununguka.

Andorra

Dwarf state, iyo inogona kutora nzvimbo shoma munzvimbo inogara. Vagari vanosvika 84 mamiriyoni evanhu, vazhinji vavo vari yeSpain uye chete Andorran chete. Zita renyika kubva mutauro weBasque rinoshandurwa se "dongo". Guta guru ndiro Andorra la Vella. Vanhu pano vanogara zvikuru nekuda kwekushanyirwa, uyezve, vanhu vanobatanidzwa mubhizimusi uye mabhengi ehurumende yeAndorra.

IPyrenees makomo inounza mari yakawanda kunyika. Kunyanya yakagadzirwa nechokudenga, Pas de Casa - mukuru kune avo. Tinogona kutaura kuti mumakomo kune mamiriro ezviMediterranean nemhepo ine mvura yakawanda mumwaka-kunze. Iyo nguva yegore inovhurika kubva munaDecember kusvika pakati pegore.