Madzidzisiro: unhu, kupatsanura uye rutsigiro

A dzakasiyana-siyana dzokudzidzisa nadzo (kusanganisira mutauro) kubvumira vadzidzisi kuti kuitisa vakarongeka uye inobudirira kurovedzwa vevaanodzidzisa uye vadzidzi. mitemo Federal dzidzo chizvarwa chechipiri zvinosanganisira chikamu chose nyaya iyi.

mapeji enhau

Mumazuva muIjipiti yekare, Greece, Rome, Siriya ndakawedzera kutengeserana chaiitirwa pakati penyika mbiri, kwaiva tsika Links, saka kunyange zvino pakanga nzira kudzidzisa mutauro wokumwe rokutanga. Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna mutauro Latin, izvo gumi nemashanu emakore kwainzi nheyo European tsika. Yavo kwainzi nechiidzo yedzidzo kwevanhu. Nokuti kudzidza mutauro akashandisa shanduro nzira iyi yokudzidzisa, vakazochinja yakatorwa ne kudzidza mitauro German, French uye Chirungu. The kwomuzvarirwo nzira yokudzidzisa kugadzirisa matambudziko anoshanda - unyanzvi kudzidzisa kutaura.

Chii madzidzisiro

Kudzidzisa nzira - kunokosha chezvinonhuwira yedzidzo muitiro. Pasina kushandiswa yemaitiro uye nzira havagoni kuziva zvinangwa zvayo, kuti muitiro zvinovaka uye unhu.

In mudzimba ari pedagogy rokuti "nzira yokudzidzisa" haringorevi chete dzidzo rwevanhu asiwo kushandiswa kugadzirisa chaizvo zvikamu - dzidziso uye tsika.

Modern madzidzisiro vari multidimensional, kunzwisisa pedagogical chaiyo. Pasi pavo akatorwa kureva kusarudza kuita izvi, boka remapazi uye unyanzvi yokungotaura kana hunoshanda kunzwisisa chokwadi, kugadzirisa zvinetso chaizvo, zvichienderana vakadzidzisa kurangwa.

kudzidzisa Nzira iri kwegadziriro zvakanangwa nezviito mudzidzisi kuronga mazano zvishande basa mudzidzi, iyo inopa kugona kuti tigutsikane edzidzo.

Kukosha methodological kuswedera

Zviri nemhaka pedagogical nzira uye unyanzvi kuti kudyidzana mudzidzi-mudzidzisi, akapedza dzakasiyana-siyana dzidzo uye kudzidzisa nezvinangwa.

Masayendisiti akawanda Russian vanodavira kuti dzidziso nzira mukudzidzisa ani zvedzidzo chirango chikuru chishandiso nyanzvi basa mudzidzisi. It chinorehwa kwete chete sangano nebasa mudzidzisi kurovedza uye nekudzidza mudzidzi zvishande basa, asiwo ukama pakati pavo, uyewo mabasa zvainanga kuwana yedzidzo, zvokukura, rokudzidzisa kudzidzisa zvinangwa.

Kuti Activate kuti zvishande basa vadzidzi, mudzidzisi anoita se wemazano, kuburikidza iyo mudzidzi rinobva pakusaziva neruzivo, kubva pasina zivo yakasimba nechimwe.

With kugutsikana-musoro chinhu madzidzisiro muzvikoro ndiyo nzira musoro iyo vadzidzi mukudzidzire unyanzvi nokungwaririra, ruzivo, unyanzvi. Pari, vanogona kunzi nzira inofamba, ari Implementation kuti tigutsikane edzidzo.

kupatsanura

Maererano chidzoke dzakasiyana-siyana mazita anoranga madzidzisiro vanofanira kugoverwa maererano mamwe maitiro uye zvinoriumba. Pakati huru unhu naro vari rakakamurwa mapoka akasiyanisa:

1. Hupo (Kusavapo) mukurovedza ari kutanga ndiri zivo. Nokuti boka iri, inozivikanwa nokushandisa yakavhenganiswa, kutendeuka, yakananga madzidzisiro.
2. Nhamba dzidziso uye kuita inotungamirwa kutaura unyanzvi. boka iri rinoshandiswa nokungwaririra okufananidza inoshanda kudzidzisa unyanzvi.
3. Kushandiswa dzakananga mupfungwa inoti vadzidzi kudzidza chero zvedzidzo chirango. It anotora kushandiswa yokuzorora, hasha zvakanaka, hope mamiriro.
4. Alternative (zvepabonde) uye kwakajairika (mureza) zvemichina kudzidza anoranga edzidzo.

Mukuwedzera nzira uye unyanzvi kudzidzisa mutauro wokumwe yakakamurwa nzira iri sangano mabasa edzidzo ari mapoka maviri. pfungwa utariri mabasa anogona kutora pamusoro mudzidzisi kana vadzidzi pachavo.

Main madzidzisiro

In didactics govera madzidzisiro pamusoro chaizvo mabasa vadzidzi nevadzidzisi. Ivo:

• Kushanda mabhuku okuchikoro;
• nyaya;
• kuratidzira kuedza;
• Briefings;
• kukurukura;
• maekisesaizi;
• hurukuro.

Maererano kunobva ruzivo kutora

GEF chizvarwa chechipiri Muperekedzi kubvumira kushandisa upi kuranga kutarisana, kutaura nzira.

Somuenzaniso, kudzidza kemisitiri ndiyo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kushandisa mubatanidzwa maonero uye mumarabhoritari kuedza. Nokuda pakudzidza dambudziko-inobva kunze kukurudzira vanhu zvishande kufarira kudzidza kunzwisisa ichi, asi sayenzi anonakidza.

In mudzidzisi jogirafi nokushingaira anoshandisa kuona tafura, uye nhoroondo anopa vana vhidhiyo achirondedzera munhau kuti pamwe vadzidzi kuvaka musoro cheni.

Nemhaka Modelling chinetso ezvinhu mukirasi munzanga nesayenzi vakomana kuwana ruzivo pamusoro evanhu uye voruzhinji ukama, vakazvimirira vagadzirise zvakananga mabasa, mudzidzisi akapa chirango ichi.

Analytical kusvika

Rave richishandiswa muFrance, kuEngland, muna Switzerland, asi haasi zvikuru kushandiswa Russia. Hwaro nzira iyi kudzidza nemashoko rinoitwa. Kuti vagadzire mashoko yakakwana vakatakura vadzidzi red yepakutanga mabhuku mabasa ari chizvarwa uye vatorwa mitauro, uye akabva ashandisa mutsetse-Shona, vakaongorora zvinoreva kuverenga.

Swiss Shovann Alexander ainge nechokwadi kuti kutanga kurovedza zvizere chete pashure, kana vadzidzi noumhizha chichagadzirirwa veko mutauro uyewo mune dzimwe zvedzidzo anoranga chokuita pakusarudza basa ramangwana: masvomhu, wefizikisi, zvipenyu, jogirafi, kemisitiri.

Kuti vakanga vakokwa yakafanana kudzidza chizvarwa uye dzimwe mitauro, kunobva kubatana anoverengeka zvedzidzo anoranga. Pane kushandisa kudzidza girama, nzira iyi inosanganisira kuongorora zvakasiyana siyana ezvinhu, kuunganidza mashoko. Chete pashure mudzidzi raumbwa Mutauro zvakakwana, mudzidzisi akabva atsanangure nheyo yokungotaura.

The ano chikoro mhando uye nzira yokudzidzisa vadzidzi vakakamurwa maererano dhigirii basa iri rinotsanangura, kutsvaka, vanoita, dambudziko, ongororo marudzi. vadzidzisi vavo vanoshandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana, vachiedza synthesize unyanzvi akawanda yakadekara munhu maitiro evana.

Maererano pfungwa yacho nzira dzokudzidzisa, kuwedzera Analytical kamura uyewo deductive, inductive, chakaita zvokugadzirwa.

Hamilton kuti chidobi

Dzheyms Gamilton rokudzidzisa muitiro kunobva pakushandisa yepakutanga magwaro, uyewo pamusoro pokushandiswa neshanduro chaiwo. Izvi raiswa mukudzidzisa mabhuku, Russian uye mitauro yokumwe.

Chokutanga, mudzidzisi akaramba kuverenga kuburikidza rugwaro, uye ipapo vakaridza vadzidzi, ipapo vakaongorora nomumwe zvirevo. The chaizvo ari mudzidzisi ndechokuti epakutanga wakadzokororwa kakawanda, uye vose pamwe uye mumwe nomumwe nokuda mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe.

Zvivakamutauro ongororo yakaitwa mushure mudzidzisi akaona kuti kuverenga rugwaro vadzidzi nokungwaririra, vari kupinda zvachose kupinda zvarinoreva. Kusimbisa mbidzwa paumbwe kutaura unyanzvi.

Jacotot Michina

Zhan Zhakoto aidavira kuti munhu anokwanisa kuita chinangwa chacho, nokuti ine kuita zvakanaka dzinongoitika mashoko. Aiva nechokwadi chokuti chero epakutanga anosanganisira zvakafanira mitauro chokwadi, muri kugona, mudzidzi achakwanisa tenzi zvivakamutauro hwaro mutauro wokumwe, kunzwisisa nheyo yokungotaura upi nyaya zvesayenzi uye nevanhu.

In zvepfungwa, nzira iyi inonzi nomuenzaniso, muchikoro ano rinoshandiswa mukirasi kemisitiri, zvipenyu, jogirafi, masvomhu.

Mamiriro Akaita pedagogical muitiro

Over yakareba nguva yokudzidza kuchikoro yaiva muzvikamu zvitatu:

• mashoko anobatsira mugove kuzvitutumadza red dzichitaurwa mharidzo;
• Analytical chikamu wakaumbwa iri kuongorora zviri vawana ruzivo;
• chakaita zvokugadzirwa chikamu, waiva kushandisa ruzivo runowanikwa chokuita zvinhu zvitsva.

Kuitira kusimbisa zivo itsva kudzidza kwauchaita kushandisa zvakanyorwa uye dzaiita muviri, nyaya, rabhoritari uye zvinoshanda basa, kuongorora munhu zvidimbu orugwaro nhaurirano.

Lexico-chinja nzira kwazova mberi wokusarudza vadzidzi mutauro kudzidza nezvimwe zvedzidzo anoranga, saka zviri vaizviti panguva ino.

yakavhenganiswa nzira

Chiri akanaka vachishingaira kushandiswa kwemakore 30 muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri munyika yedu. Chaizvoizvo Its ari kukura kutaura basa, dzidziso kuverenga vamire panze sezvo pokutanga. Pamberi vadzidzisi yechipiri zvikoro dzidzo basa Patriot munyika yake chakagadzwa, kutaura mumitauro inoverengeka, achiziva zvinokosha masvomhu, wefizikisi, kemisitiri, zvipenyu, jogirafi.

VaMethodist chokwadi kuti zvakakosha subdivide pamusoro marudzi unogamuchira uye zvibereko mashoko. Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa zvaireva "hunoshanda 'kudzidza zvinhu riri nzwisisa sandara, vakaregeredza kuziva kwake.

mhedziso

Pari pakati zhinji nzira uye unyanzvi dzinoshandiswa nevadzidzisi zvikoro chesekondari, basa maitiro-kukurukura nzira imwe kupfuura mberi. Rinoshandiswa vadzidzisi anoranga siyana uye riri kushandiswa zvinhu yesayenzi, wakatorwa mukirasi, senzira socialization uye interpersonal kutaurirana.

New mamiriro, yeUnited mitemo vari midzi mune masangano rokudzidzisa, zvainanga dzichiri vadzidzi 'chido kuzvicheka-kukura, kuzvicheka-kuvandudzika, saka vadzidzisi kuti vachishingaira kushandisa mubasa ravo okudzidziswa pachavo zvigadzirwa, nomumwe nzira, magadzirirwo tsvakurudzo, ruzivo, kutanga zvinetso ezvinhu.