History of pakusikwa kutamba "mabhanan'ana" NA Ostrovsky

makore 50-60 ose XIX remakore - imwe nguva asi akaoma vose Russia. It aizivikanwa yakafarikana pamagariro evanhu kwakaitika chokuita kwaita itsva mauto aifarira-gutsaruzhinji uye mainstreaming kuti serfdom. Against ichi nechekumashure, kwazvo kutaura huripo kupokanidzana pakati zvizvarwa uye mamiriro ezvinhu vakadzi Russian mune yemadzitateguru mafungiro vachiri richikunda dzakawanda munyika.

In mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro, zvakanyorwa, uye ipapo akaiswa pachikuva, uye yakabudiswa zvikuru shamisa mumakore iwayo chigadzirwa Ostrovsky.

Chronology basa iri mutambo

mibvunzo yakawanda ndiyo nhoroondo pakusikwa kutamba "mabhanan'ana". Muchidimbu inogona kurondedzerwa sezvinotevera.

Ostrovsky, Ungangove, atanga basa riri chigadzirwa muna July 1859 (chero zvazvingava, kwete pava paya mwedzi uyu), uye pakutanga kwaOctober, akatuma takagadzirira bhuku wenyaya. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti manyoro okutanga ichiri mudura Russian State Library. Kwapera mwedzi, mutambo kuri kupfeka Petersburg mudariro: November 16 akanga premiered panguva mały Theater, 2 December - muAlexandria. Gore rakatevera nayo yakabudiswa "Library Yokuverenga" (mu №1), gare gare akabudisa sebhuku.

Maitiro mberi pfungwa pakuonekwa kutamba

New Mutambo akanga atova nomukurumbira "Columbus Zamoskvorechye" akanga akasangana dutu guru inofambiswa uye mhinduro, zvose zvakanaka (semuenzaniso, kuongorora N.Dobrolyubova, I.Goncharova, P.Pletneva) uye anotongera (NdiTolstoy, A. Fet). Ambiguously akaziva itsva mwana Ostrovsky uye akaziva apo D.Pisarev mutsoropodzi, akauya munyaya iyi pamusoro dzinoverengeka nyaya dziri mhaka Dobrolyubov. Chero raiva, "The Storm" nokusingaperi pakati yakanakisisa mitambo yacho munyori wemitambo. Asi mubayiro chaiye zvirokwazvo kuva guru Uvarov Award yapuwa hachishandi chete guru zvechokwadi mabasa zvakanyorwa nokuda pachikuva.

Nyaya uye vatambi

History of pakusikwa kutamba "mabhanan'ana" kunonyanya kukonzerwa Zvakaitwa mutambo kuti zvakunowedzera mutaundi duku ine zita rakanaka Kalinov, riri pamahombekombe of Volga. Kana vakasangana, iye unoita dzinogutsa zvikuru: zvikuru landscape, zvichipa pfungwa norugare uye norunyararo. Mumwe mashoko okutanga kuti vateereri anonzwa kubva munharaunda mugari: "Beauty" Asi sezvo iwe kuongorora mafungiro evanhu uye mukuru mhepo kuchinja. Munyori wemitambo nounyanzvi rinofumura uipi munzanga, kurarama kwemazana emakore Domostroi mitemo. Nokudaro, zvichida, zita reguta - Kalinov, vakabva Russian ngano. Rinofananidzira makasimbiswa, kukuvara, "nakisisa" nyika, inova kurega.

Uye pakati "zvakaipa" uye masimba womunhu rinowanika, uyo akasarudza kutaura achipikisa hurumende yavo - Katerina. heroine mugumo Zvinosiririsa, nokuti achiri haawani chero vanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana, kana nevanozvitsigira (raimiririra Somuenzaniso, imwe murume), vanokwanisa kutsigira kuti pakutanga yokurwisana. Jaya, umo iye anoona mufaro wake ramangwana uye upenyu huri nani, zvakare vanotya, kwete kuziva zvechokwadi Catherine. Panguva apo vakaparadzwa tsika dzakanaka zvose, zvakaoma kuwana vapari vemhosva musikana afa.

Gakava pamusoro kwakatangira nyaya

Mashoko pamusoro prototypes uye nyaya kunobva pamabasa dzinopesana chaizvo. Saka, nokuti Kostroma rokusika nhoroondo "The Storm" Mitambo zvakananga akanga chokuita ichangobva Zviitiko muguta ravo. Vamwe mashoko vataura kuti zvikabva Catherine aigona munodziziva L.P.Kositskaya munyori. Vanhu vaiziva pachake munyori wemitambo, vaidavira kuti chitarisiko "The Storm" - mugumisiro Ostrovsky munzira Volga.

The chete vakanga kunokonzerwa nokutonga dzakadaro?

Dambudziko canine mhuri

Maererano wokutanga shanduro, nhoroondo "The Storm" zvidimbu chokuita chiitiko muguta Kostroma. Pakutanga November 1859 iye akanyangarika mumwe vagari veguta Aleksandra Klykova, uyo aiva nemakore 19 chete okuberekwa. Gare gare muviri wake chakawanikwa mvura Volga, uye pamusoro chokwadi ichi tsotsi nyaya kufara. Vaiona shanduro mbiri: kuzviuraya kana kuponda uye kuedza kuvanza mhosva. Kuferefeta yakaratidza kuti musikana akaroorwa ichangopfuura, uye akawira mumhuri mushambadzi, izvo akatonga zvachose noudzvinyiriri uye hapana achitenda-law. Akarerwa yakasiyana ezvinhu, Alexander akanga asingakwanisi kusvika usakurirwe mugumo wake uye dzikamhara mumhuri itsva. Haana kuwana rutsigiro wake - munhu akanyarara, vanoteerera, vakakomba mai isinganaki. mashoko ose aya vari nyore akazivikanwa mumutambo. Ndicho chikonzero pashure bhuku yakabuda Kostroma veko vanoramba vakataura nezvokuti kwezvisikwa "The Storm" Mitambo chokuita noupenyu hwemhuri canine zvakananga. Kunyange zvazvo zvakaitika gare gare kuti chigadzirwa zvichinzi mwedzi pamberi nhamo, kuti mutambi uyo anovaudza yomunharaunda zviziviswe refu vanoumba chete pasi nomwe canine. A nzvimbo pamahombekombe Volga, umo zvichipomerwa akasvetukira mumvura Caterina Alexander vari pakati veko zvinokwezva.

The dutu - hunotova mutambo Ostrovsky?

Imwe shanduro yeBhaibheri pamusoro kumumvuri huru hunhu, ari kusonganirana chiratidzo munyori wemitambo kworugwaro rwezuva. Next kuna Catherine kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura, umo iye anoudza Varenka pamusoro kurota kwake, anoti: "Ndanzwa kubva LP pamusoro chete kurota ... "For LP vachivanza yakakurumbira mutambi L.P.Kositskaya, izvo pamwe Ostrovsky, Ungangove, aiva ukama. Vaviri - vanhu mhuri saka kumanikidzwa kuvanza zvavo rudo. Vanotsvakurudza kutsanangura pakusikwa kutamba "mabhanan'ana" Ostrovsky uye kuona kusunungurwa ichi, kureva chokwadi kuti kekutanga basa chikuru nemaitiro pakurira Kositsky. A munyori wemitambo chikazozikamwa, ndinosarudza kusarudza vatambi kuti mabasa pachako mabasa ake panguva mały Theater.

A rwendo achitevedza Volga

Pakupedzisira, mumwe wechitatu uye kupfuura fungidzira Shanduro - nyaya "The Storm" zvidimbu chokuita rwendo munyori yorwizi rukuru Russian.

Mumwedzi yokupisa, makore 1856-57 Ostrowski muchirongwa rwendo yeRussian Geographical Society pamusoro Volga. Akashanyira misha yakawanda riri pamahombekombe erwizi, akasangana uye akakurukura kwenguva refu veko, kudzidza nzira chaiye hwavo. Ostrovsky vave vachiona dzakawanda kudai munguva nomumwe mumhuri uye guta rose. Akafarira duku mashoko, izvo zvadaro vakaongorora ari rondedzero "Rwendo achitevedza Volga."

Mashoko anoratidza izvi Zvaanoona zvinogona kuwanikwa mumutambo: mutauro mhenyu vanhu, hwokufananidzira pachimiro kutaurirana pakati vanhu (izvo, sezvinei, kazhinji haana chokuita rangano zvakananga, asi zvakanaka munguva zvinonyatsorehwa kuitika guta), mifananidzo yakanaka, uye zvakasiyana kumapati, kunyanya upenyu. Izvi zvose zvinoratidza kuti nhoroondo kutamba "mabhanan'ana" Ostrovsky zvinobva wake pachake zvaanorumbidza uye kuedza kufunga chii zvipenyu vanhu Russian, izvo zvinokanganisa kukura yose yeRussia runyararo.

Munyori wemitambo-muoni?

Saka, njodzi kwakaitika Kostroma muna mumatsutso 1859, kwaiva kutarisira Ostrowski, uyo aiziva kunyanya upenyu vatengesi Russian ari pakati XIX remakore. Ichi randinenge ezvinhu kuti chingaitika chero mhuri vanogara yakakura yeRussian wehurumende. Munyori wemitambo zvinobudirira unoratidza nguva apo mauto ekare vachiri kuomerera ichibviswa uye kuedza nepose kuti kuchengetedza simba ravo, uye itsva, chete zvichiitika, kupinda muhondo pamukwidza, mugumisiro iyo achasarudza njodzi Russia. Against ichi kumashure hakusi kukosha, chii chokuita nhoroondo pakusikwa kutamba "mabhanan'ana". The chikuru ndechokuti ichi chingaitika kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma akachinja hwose upenyu nyika.