History uye rainzwika Bern

Chii chaunoziva pamusoro guta Bern (Switzerland)? Varipo zvinoshamisa siyana ayo, uye ngano chokuita navo, wedzera mavara akajeka. Chii chakaita kuti zita reguta? Chii nhoroondo yaro mavambo, uye kuti zvechokwadi vanofanira kuonekwa guta rino - zvose izvi uchadzidza kubva ino.

Berna

Akatumidza guta riri guta guru yokuSwitzerland uye muzinda Canton. Riri kurutivi rwokumusoro Alps River Aare, nechepakati mudunhu Switzerland.

Anorarama pano vanenge zviuru 140 vanhu. Bern - huru zvemari uye enyika pakati, sezvo pano dziri zvivako zvose zvakakosha hurumende uye nechepakati kumahombekombe Switzerland.

Pane ngano mbiri zita "Bern". Wokutanga anotaura consonance neshoko "bereka» (Bar) - mhuka, iyo muvambi Berna vakauraya wokutanga kundovhima munzvimbo idzi. Chechipiri - nayo anobatanidza zita kuna Verona, Italy, sezvo guta aizivikanwa noukama hwepedyo chete Varume pakati Verona. Uye chechitatu, kupfuura fungidzira pfungwa ndiyo ngano anotaura Celtic shoko "gomo» (bren), gare gare anongoti gadziridza tsamba.

History reguta

Nharaunda Bern ano yaigarwa muna BC Celtic marudzi II remakore. Ipapo yekare kugarwa Roman akanga muzvikamu izvi. Muna 1191, Duke Berthold V akavaka guta Bern. Duke haana kusiya venhaka uye ake nyika akapfuura Frederick II - mambo Mutsvene hweRoma. Bernie akazviratidza mamiriro Imperial guta.

Uye XIII remakore, une kodzero kuzvitonga, nemhaka nyepera mamongi kunyora "Golden Charter pamusoro Bern." The Charter rinoti pamusoro chinzvimbo youmambo guta uye ayo kodzero yakakura.

Muna 1353 Bern vakava rutivi Swiss "Union nyika masere." Zvisinei, kwete uchabvumirana mugumisiro wakadaro, aishingaira akadzivirira kodzero makore 35, pashure izvo zvisinei yakawana rusununguko, ari YOMUMAKOMO simba kupfuura guta-mamiriro.

MuBern zvinokwezva, tsananguro

Zvinofanira akati kuti mufananidzo bere chinhu chinokosha muguta. Iye refu semupi heraldic dimikira Bern, uye aishamwaridzana naye ngano pamusoro kuvambwa kugarwa. The kupfuura zviratidzo nzvimbo yeguta ndiyo inonzi Bear Mugomba kana Berengraben. Ichi yakaisvonaka paka ane nomugero apo zvipenyu zviratidzo Bern kurarama.

Guta guru Switzerland unowanzonzi Guta tsime. Kune zvinopfuura 100, uye vakawanda vachiri XVI remakore. Pasina mubvunzo, ichi ndicho inonakidza zvikuru rainzwika Bern. Vakanga Pakutanga kuvakwa ari Tsime, asi nokufamba kwenguva akatanga kuridza basa aesthetic magadzirirwe mumigwagwa guta - mumwe nomumwe wavo anotiudza nyaya yakasiyana.

Fountain mukukudza kuvambwa guta unoitwa muchimiro chidhori Berthold muna Ages dzokurwa, anogarwa bere tsoka. Kubva kuziva nzvimbo haangavi kutedzemuka tsime Runner pedyo Nideggskoy Church, Standard Mutakuri, pedo neguta horo, uyewo tsime Mosesi mirairo ake, kana tsime yeBhaibheri gamba - Samusoni.

Kufunga huru zvinokwezva muguta Bern, musakanganwa kusimudza musoro wake, uye - pamusoro pamadziro zvezvivako pane zvirokwazvo varaidza zvivezwa, inomiririra nhangemutange handicraft mabasa ekare vagari mudzimba.

guta rekare

Muna 1405 Bern zvakaipisisa damage nomoto. Kuvakazve guta vapedza chete XVII, kubva pano uye pakanga zvitubu zvepakadzika arcades. Nanhasi chitarisiko guru rinenge haana kuchinja, uye muna 1983 ari UNESCO sangano rine vachengetwe enhoroondo centre, apo pane anenge ose rainzwika Bern.

Straight kubva pachiteshi kuenda pakati vari Shpitalgasse mumugwagwa ngetani, Marktgasse, Kramgasse uye Gerehtikaytgasse. Pakutanga dzomumusha iri chechi Shpitalgasse Hayliggaystkirhe akaita Baroque uye nheyo muna XVIII remakore. Mugwagwa rinoguma zambuko Nideggbryukke apo maonero anovhura chikuru guta racho Skyline.

Barenplats (Bear nzvimbo) ndiyo nzvimbo dingindira Old Town, rine Kefigturm shongwe. Uye Kornhausplats sikweya itsime ane zvinotyisa zita "Kindlifresserbrunnen" akagadzirirwa unozvidzinga maduku vatadzi.

Tisingatauri rainzwika dzakadai Berna Tsitlogge - Tower pamwe isinganzwisisiki wachi. Ose awa nemifananidzo pavari kuuya vapenyu, achiratidza vashanyi zvinoshamisa maonero: pakurira kwejongwe, iwe benzi paricharova gong kufamba mabheya, knight runorova bhero, uye shumba vanozvikudza kuona chiito ichi.

yeRoma Church

Architectural varipo Bern aenzanisire siyana siyana kubva Gothic kusvika Renaissance uye Baroque. Saka, muna rwezasi Old Town chinhu Gothic Church. kuvaka Its akatanga muna 1421 asi haana yapera. Vakaramba kuvaka ayo chete muna 1889.

temberi Steeple ane mumhu anenge 100 metres, uye mukuru bhero dhayamita 247 masendimita anoyera 10 matani. Masvingo kuzorodzwa pasuo iri 200 mikuru nemiduku chivezwa zvinoratidzira mufananidzo Kwekupedzisira.

Inside the Church wakapamhama chaizvo. Munguva Yokuchinja akatora unyanzvi mufananidzo, asi, sezvinei, nenhumbi dzose XVI remakore uye kwaya zvakachengetedzwa.

On yekare Stained magirazi nemahwindo of Church dzinoratidzira zvatinoona mubhaibheri kubva muTestamende Yekare, uyewo vanotongwa heraldry mhuri guta mutongo. Chimwe chezvinhu asingakanganwiki Stained girazi anonzi "Dance" kana "Dance Rufu". Mwari akaronga kuyeuchidza ungano kuti vose kumirira chimwe chiitiko.

mhedziso

Muzana XII remakore, atambanudza zvinoshamisa nyaya Bern. Pamwe chete rainzwika guta rino rombo rakanaka. Afadzwa mushanyi anowana pano zvitubu, yakashongedzwa kujairika zvivezwa ari Renaissance, migwagwa yekare unodziya, akanaka gothic, uye Baroque mumachechi uye nhare neshongwe. Uye kunze, kurarama muBern samapere nokugaramo!