Hondo Hastings (pfupi)

Muna October 1066 pedyo Chirungu netaundi Hastings zvakanga mumwe kunokonzera kuteurwa kweropa rakawanda hondo Middle Ages. Rakanga rakatevera link pavanotaurirana pakati Normans uye Anglo-Saxons. hondo iyi, inoguma rwave chaizvo kwakabatsira yemberi mararamiro European kare, kwakaguma nematambudziko nokuti British naMambo Harold II. In ndangariro wezvizvarwa izvozvo hwaponeswa sezvo Hondo Hastings.

Nezviitiko kurwa

Asi tisati kutaura pamusoro hondo pacharo, vanoti mashoko mashoma pamusoro zviitiko yokutanga yaiva chikonzero payo. Chokwadi kuti mutungamiri Norman Duke William kubva yaimbova King Edward ari Confessor akapikazve kuti achamugadza kuti ave mugari wenhaka korona Chirungu. Chikonzero ichi ndechokuti kunyange pamberi accession pachigaro, Edward, ndine chikonzero chokutya kuti upenyu hwake, akapedza makore 28 ari Normandy pasi patronage pamusoro Duke iyoyo nyika.

Zvisinei, apo ngozi aitarisira, uye Edward akadzokera kuEngland zvakachengeteka kuitiswa pachigaro kwemakore yaakapiwa kwaari mugumo, iye Vakakangamwa mhiko yake, uye akafa akasasiya mirayiridzo achitsigira vakamirira korona Norman Duke William yakapikirwa. Pashure porufu rwake, akakwira kuna Chirungu choumambo muzukuru Edward - New England Mambo Harold II. Kufanana upi wakarasika murume, William akaramba, uye mugumisiro hasha dzake akatanga achiwana zviuru zvinomwe Norman Army September 28, 1066 pamhenderekedzo England uye vakava Zvinosiririsa kuti British Crown Hondo Hastings.

The nechisimba Normans

VeMubatanidzwa pakati Normans panguva pamhenderekedzo pakati Albion akatarisa chaizvo chaizvo. Maererano vomuzuva, vayambuka Chirungu Channel ngarava chiuru. Kunyange kana mufananidzo uyu zvishoma kuwedzeredzwa, achiri flotilla yakafanana yakanga kuzadza ane zvose zvinoonekwa nzvimbo, kusvikira jengachenga.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Duke William akasarudza kupinda munhu yakakodzera chaiyo. Gore Hondo Hastings zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo kuti British. Nguva pfupi asati kuti vakanga vachirwa dzimwe nechisimba - vomuNorway. The Chirungu hondo wakunda pamusoro pavo, asi iye akanga vakaneta uye aida kuzorora, nekuti vavengi vayo vaiva varwi asingatyi uye mbiri - the VaViking. Hondo Hastings, akanga saka nemhosva mbiri rakaoma kwavari. Korol Garold akagamuchira mushumo pamusoro Wilhelm Kurwisa, nepo New York, uko chete kuita zadzai reserves uye dzimwe nyaya chokuita nehondo.

Mauto maviri chakasimba Europe

Pakarepo akaunganidza mauto zvose zvinowanikwa paImba kurasa, namambo akachimbidzika kunosangana muvengi, uye kare musi October 13, akasvika pedyo kumisasa, yakakamurwa nokuda Normans iri makiromita 11 kubva kuguta Hastings. Asati pakutanga hondo akaramba chete pazuva - rokupedzisira naMambo Harold II, uye vazhinji vakanga pasi pomureza wake.

Raw kwematsutso mangwanani pamusoro munda, akaita retracted vanhuwo zvavo uye nekuti miti uye asingakwezvi, vakabvumirana maviri hondo kupfuura Ages Europe. nhamba dzavo dzaiva pamusoro vakaenzana, asi qualitatively vari ndezvokuti vakasiyana mumwe. Uto Duke William kwakaita painyanya kuitwa zvinhu zvakadai sekuimba varwi basa, zvakanaka zvombo, akadzidziswa uye akanga shure mupfumi uto ruzivo.

Utera wehondo King Harold

Kusiyana vavengi vavo, Anglo-Saxons vakauya kusango rokurwa nehondo huru chikamu yaiva aigarira kubva murimi mudiki anopamba, uye chete chiduku chikamu servicemen ayo vaimiririra kwamachinda uye aigona basa mauto - chairo youmambo navaranda. Kamwe vakanga nhaka maviri muruoko minondo, muhondo-namasanhu namapfumo, asi anopamba chombo kwaisanganisira zvikuru anongoitika zvinhu - murimi mudiki pitchforks, namasanhu, kana kungoti Dubin nematombo akabatanidzwa kwavari.

Uye vaviri kukosha kushayikwa-Saxon hondo - akanga asina aifamba nemabhiza uye uta. Zvakaoma kutaura sei zvakaitika, asi mumazuva iwayo, kutamira akatasva bhiza, British pre-kurwa akaburuka akaenda pamusoro kurwisa chete netsoka. Uyewo, zviri kujeka uye kushayikwa hanyanisi, ichi chombo simba uye zvinobudirira Middle Ages. Pamusoro zvose zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kufambira kutevedzana munyika yaisagona vaneta uye kare aneta vaimbova masimba kurwa.

Zuva kana kurwisana Hastings

Saka, zvose zviri vagadzirira muhondo yairwirwa. At 9 am musi 14 October 1066 zvakanzi kwatanga yakakurumbira Hondo Hastings. Muchidimbu kutsanangura nzvimbo wemauto maviri pamberi kutanga kwayo, tinoda chete kuona kuti British yabuda, kudhonza mberi zvakanaka-zvombo, asi vashoma vepamusoro dzakabatana, uye nhoo dzavo serried vakanga havaratidzi zvombo, kunyange azere kurwa mweya, kuti murimi mudiki varwi.

The Normans akavakawo kurwisa mbiru matatu, iyo akavabvumira kuita anofambisa maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu. bapiro rworuboshwe yaiumbwa Bretons, zvakarurama - kubva French varwi, uye pakati huru mauto akanga dzichiitika - inorema, dzokurwa akapfeka Norman Knights nokutungamirwa Duke. Pamberi huru mauto vaiva uta uye crossbowmen, akarova muvengi asati achipinda kuonana nayo.

Kutanga hondo

Hondo Hastings akapoteredzwa ne ngano zhinji, uye ikozvino zvakaoma kusiyanisa zviitiko chaizvo nemanyepo. Saka, mune mamwe mabhuku anotiudza kuti akatanga nemashoko chinyakare kuti nguva mutambo. Mighty Norman knight ainzi Ivo akadana duel hapana zvishoma chinobwinya murwi kubva panhengo King Harold. Kumurova vari kwakanaka rokurwa, iye, maererano netsika yaitonga, kuti wokuEngland musoro uye akamutora somunhu wokushamisira. Urombo nokuti Anglo-Saxons pana Hastings, hondo yakatanga. Vakaurayiwa akanga kwete mumwe murwi vakauraya ndiye hunotaurwa hondo yose King Harold.

Vakurudzirwa nokubudirira iyi Normans vaiva vokutanga kurwa. Mutori makore iwayo anoratidza kuti avo uta uye crossbowmen kugeza panhengo Anglo-Saxons gore miseve crossbow nekiyi dzaro, asi zvakavanzika shure nhoo serried vamire pamberi aigona dzakabatana, vakanga rakapotsa haufi. Zvino Normans akaratidza kupfura unyanzvi vechokwadi. Vakatumira miseve yavo anenge vertically kumusoro, uye vaya vanorondedzerwa mudenga runoenzanirana trajectory, akarova muvengi kubva kumusoro, kwaiitwa yakawanda kukuvara.

Urwise rinorema vamabhiza of Normans

Zvinotevera unoshamisa yechiitiko hondo huru kurwisa Norman vamabhiza. Vakapfeka dzokurwa Knights vakamhanya kutsvaira kure zvose munzira kwayo. Asi tinofanira kuripa mutero kuna ushingi of British: havana kumbovhunduka ichi asati akava aval. Sezvo yave akati wako, misara rokutanga vaiva varwi zvakanaka-zvombo kubva pachavo varindi pakati Duke.

At zvavo achigona vaiva anonzi Danish namasanhu. Zvinonzi dzakagadzirirwa kurwa-demo ane mubato metres refu nehafu. Maererano zvakaona, zvakamubaya mudziyo yakadaro uye dissected knight vakapfeka dzokurwa uye bhiza rake. Somugumisiro ari Norman emauto ichidzokera vaita zvinokosha nezvinhu.

venhema vanobva Nzira Dzekudzidzisa

Asi panguva ino kuruboshwe parutivi zviitiko zvakaitika, tisingatarisiri kuti British. The Normans vari kwazvo nounyanzvi akashandisa pazano shure kwenhema, akaratidza noumhizha guru uye coherence. Zvinogutsa akatevedzera mumapoka avo nokutya uye shure, Normans makatsamwisa Anglo-Saxons pamusoro kugadzirira counterattack, akagumbuka nzvimbo dzavo uye kuva nengozi.

Vakakwezvwa kubva mukuru wechiuto mitsara inokosha chikamu varwi, ivo Normans pakarepo akatendeuka, vakagamuchira mhete dzavo gobvu uye kuparadza ose wokupedzisira. Zvinosuruvarisa masoja King Harold zvingave zvakaitwa chipingamupinyi ichi, chero mhedziso kuti akabvumira vavengi kakawanda kudzokorora zvakafanana minimini.

Rufu King Harold

The Nokurasikirwa kutambudza British Chokwadi, simba ravo kurwa vanokwanisa, asi zvisinei vakaramba kupa zvakakomba kuramba muvengi, uye ndiani anoziva kuti zvaizoguma nei vakava hondo Hastings, kana kwete tsaona, muzvinhu zvakawanda akakonzera Mugumisiro wakaipa kuhondo kuEngland.

Historical enhoroondo makore iwayo inotiudza kuti asingatyi Korol Garold II akakuvadzwa zvakakomba nokuondomoka asingashumbi museve. It wakabaya ziso rake rokurudyi, asi, maererano chete venhoroondo, vakashinga murwi vakasiya hurongwa - akabudisa nomuseve uye maoko ropa, zvakare vakamhanyira dzakapindawo muhondo yacho. Asi simba kukuvara, anofanira kubviswa nokukurumidza Norman Knights. Anenge panguva imwe chete uye akauraya vose munin'ina wake, akaraira mauto.

Kukurirwa norufu-Saxon mauto

Naizvozvo, mambo akaurayiwa Hondo Hastings, pamwe nehama dzake. -Saxon hondo, akasiya pasina murayiro, vakarasikirwa chinonyanya kukosha - Kurwa mweya. Somugumisiro, panyaya maminitsi kubva anotyisa mauto ikava revanhu mwoyo uye vatize. The Normans vakanga uchibata pamwe kupenga nokutya vanhu vakavauraya tsitsi.

Saka ignominiously kuti Chirungu korona hondo ndokuguma Hastings. King akaurayiwa, uye muviri wake akatorwa kucheka kubudikidza kuLondon kuti kuvigwa. Akafa uye nehama dzake, uye pamwe chete navo muhondo akaramba akarara masoja ane zviuru zvakawanda vakafa mambo wavo. hanya British enhoroondo dzavo, uye panzvimbo emakore akawanda akapfuura, paiva nokurwa ichi, wemamongi yakatangwa, neatari yayo chikuru chechi akauraya Harold II chaipo.

The kukundwa, izvo zvakasimbisa kukura simba

Zvaakanga akunda pana Hastings, Duke William akatuma mauto ake pamusoro London akaritora hakuna kumbondinetsa. The-Saxon vakakwirira akamanikidzwa kubvuma kodzero yake choumambo, uye muna December 1066 yakanga korona. Maererano nevaongorori ano, zviitiko izvi zvinoshamisa achinja yose nzira European kare. With accession pachigaro, Duke William akatora munhau yekare uye echinyakare ake izwi-Saxon nyika, chikatsiviwa centralized feudal umambo, pahwaro hwakasimba simba roumambo.

It akapa simba riwedzere kuti kubvumira England kwenguva pfupi nguva kuva mumwe marudzi vakawanda dzakabudirira European. Pasinei nokuti mambo akaurayiwa Hondo Hastings uye nehondo yake vakakundwa, kukundwa kukava pachena zvinobatsira kuti hurumende. Paiva mumwe kutsanangura zvokuti rupo kare. "Ndiani akakunda hondo" Zvibvunze mubvunzo, The mhinduro iri pachena - the Normans. Ndiudze, uyo pakupedzisira akagamuchira kubva akabatsirwa ichi rinokosha? Varungu. Saka kupindura mubvunzo ndiani akakunda hondo Hastings, regai kukurumidza.

The kupangidza chiitiko ichi muna dzinoitwa mutsika

Ichi chiitiko yenhau, vakatora mapfumbamwe nehafu emakore apfuura, nguva dzose rinomutsa kufarira pakati masayendisiti, vanhu ounyanzvi, uye kungoti vanoda kuchera muguruva emakore akapfuura. Mumabhuku, chose basa rake Heine uye AK NdiTolstoy. Italian simba simbi bhendi "Madzhesti" yakabudiswa muna 2002. The Album yakatsaurirwa muhondo iyi. Zvinosanganisira Makwara 12. A British firimu filmed mabhaisikopu maviri, nyaya izvo kwakavakirwa hondo akakurumbira.

Muuduku zvakava akakurumbira mutambo kombiyuta akasikwa pachishandiswa nyaya chiitiko ichi. Ndizvo zita rake chairo kazhinji anotaurwa nepasipo vachishandisa okuti "Hondo Hastings". Zvisinei, ichi ndicho chete mari youth subculture. Kazhinji, munhu paupamhi kufarira kwakadaro munhau uye zviitiko zvekare emakore Zvechokwadi, anokurudzira chaizvo chokwadi.