How kuti pinhole kamera maoko: maviri upenyu hwakadzama kugura

Pinhole kamera, pinhole kamera - anozivikanwa kwemazana emakore vanhu kumumvuri yacho kamera. Munyaya ino, hatisi chete tikanyatsoongorora nhoroondo yaro uye zvinofanira kuitwa, asi tarisai sei kuti pinhole kamera nemaoko avo kubva chinyorwa zvinhu nenzira dzakawanda.

Chii chinonzi kamera obscura

The kamera obscura (Latin kamera -. "Room", obscura - "rima, rima") - iri nyore Manyiminya mudziyo, mumwe kumumvuri kamera. Zvingava bhokisi kana bhokisi, pane imwe rusvingo iro unotemwa glazok- diki gomba, uye pachinzvimbo mumwe tensioned chidzitiro translucent zvinhu, uye yaiva nerima neziso chete diki uye chinhu chinovhara.

Chimwe zita mudziyo ichi - Pinhole Camera (Chirungu pinhole kamera -. "Chamber rine buri").

The kushanda nheyo kamera obscura

Usati waita pinhole kamera nemaoko ake, zvinokosha kunzwisisa kuti zvinoshanda. basa rake riri inobva inonyatsozivikanwa chikoro pamwe murayiro rectilinear Mashoko chiedza mwaranzi. Kuburikidza buri-ziso kamera akapfuura muzvizhinji ezvitanda chiedza matanda. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anosiya pakatarisana rusvingo chidzitiro chiedza gwapa vakaenzana kukura rokudongorera naro. specks kwakadaro multiple matanda bindepinde mumwe pamusoro pemvura pinhole kamera chidzitiro, saka zvinhu pamusoro paro Manyiminya kufungisisa-kopi chinhu kana pani riri pamberi pakati midziyo mhando iyi.

Ziso romunhu uye pinhole kamera

Pinhole kamera, nenzira, kufanana nheyo dzayo chiito ziso dzevanhu - chifananidzo chacho chinovhara uyewo zvikanzwika kuburikidza diki gomba, uye zvachose pasi. Izvi zvinoitika kubva chokwadi kuti chiedza anowana mumaziso, uye muchina pa necheparutivi - mwaranzi zvinooneka kubva kumusoro zvinhu hunotaura pasi uye mwaranzi kufungisisa zvinhu pedyo pasi, rinotungamirirwa kumusoro. Ivo kuyambuka mukati yokuvata, kuti mufananidzo uri kamera chidzitiro anoipesanisa. Mumuviri wedu mufananidzo mu yakarurama nzvimbo paanodzokera uropi, uye kamera - mugirazi.

History of pinhole kamera

How kuti pinhole kamera nemaoko ake, kufunga, uye madzibaba edu - kokutanga Fani iyi muonekwe Aristotle mu IV remakore. BC

The kunozivikanwa Leonardo da Vinci akatanga kurondedzera algorithm uye mashandiro basa rayo. kuvamba vake vakashandisa kuMiddle Ages, vanodhirowa mifananidzo - camera obscura kwakavabatsira kuti mifananidzo-maBhaibheri zvimwe zvinhu.

Kudzidza kuti maoko avo kuti kamera obscura ari kupfuura "yepamusoro" shanduro, masayendisiti akafunga gare gare. Muna 1568 nheyo pinhole kamera yave nani - Venetian muvambi De Barbaro yakatsiva chinovhara paneeli-convex izvo. utsanzi ichi yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika zvakajeka uye saturation chifananidzo. The mudziyo ainzi pinhole kamera-kamera. Zvazova achipindira ibwe ano kamera.

How kuti pinhole kamera kubva bhokisi nemaoko avo

Nokuti kugadzirwa wayo pinhole kamera hunozodiwa:

• kabhodhi bhokisi kubva pasi they kana muto;
• dzakaonda translucent bepa - hwakakwana vellum kana parchment;
• chigero;
• guruu;
• Scotch.

Saka, sei kuti pinhole kamera kubva bhokisi nemaoko avo kubva tii, muto uye zvichingodaro nezvimwewo..:

1. Chekai panguva diki hwindo bhokisi masvingo.
2. Nokushandisa namira kana namira tepi, kufukidza kuvhurika chigamba yakakodzera bepa, akatendeuka ndokuita sikirini kamuri ramangwana.
3. Pakati nevakomana rusvingo kuti buri dhayamita kwete kupfuura 1 mm. Torai mukana ichi tsono, mbambo, pushpin.

Ndizvo zvose mirayiridzo anokuudza sei kuti pinhole kamera kubva bhokisi nemaoko avo. Shandisai kuvamba yako ine rima nzvimbo - womuratidza pane inopenya uye achisiyanisa chiedza bhuku - akadai inopisa kenduru. Its inverted mufananidzo inofanira mumatauriro bepa chidzitiro.

How kuti pinhole kamera maoko: kamera

Muupenyu huno kugura takurukura kusikwa kupfuura kunzwisisa, asiwo kunakidza pinhole kamera, iyo unogona kuwana mifananidzo chaiyo. Chokutanga, kuunganidza zvakafanira zvinhu:

• Aluminum chirongo;
• chidimbu epurasitiki;
• matchbox;
• 2 "bharero" nokuti firimu;
• 35 mm firimu pachayo;
• nezvizoro zvitema, mumwe bhurasho;
• Stationery banga;
• magetsi tepi;
• tsono;
• chigero;
• mutsetse;
• penzura.

How kuti pinhole kamera nemaoko ake, verenga pamusoro:

1. Akatema hwindo iri mukati menyika bhokisi. Varumbidzwa saizi yayo - 36h24 mm. Its micheto anogona kusiya zvose zvawo kubvaruka (nayo achapa kujairika mugumisiro kurira kwepfuti nezveramangwana), uye ogadzirisa nokuda sawing kana banga Stationery.
2. Mukati bhokisi anorondedzera zvachose nezvizoro zvitema. Shandisa matte pane vaima mavara.
3. Tora chimedu mapurasitiki, acharodza kuguma kwayo. Kuomerera "mudende" tepi, sezvo ari photo, rakapinza yokutenda, chiredzo yokutanga firimu, kare akaiswa mukati mugaba. Kana rewinding vachanzwa the clicks - kuumba idzva furemu nezvokudiwa Mupumburu kubudikidza firimu 8-9 the clicks.
4. Dzokera kunze bhokisi - vakaraira pakati, akatema rectangle 8x5 mm.
5. Of aruminiyamu anogona akatema sikweya 15x15 mm. Pakati, ita tsono mugomba - duku zviri, nani.
6. Zvino kupenda nezvizoro zvitema uye chokunze chikamu bhokisi uye aruminiyamu bhokisi.
7. Guruu kuti aruminiyamu chikamu kuchivanze chikamu bhokisi rokudongorera naro tepi.
8. Ita shutter - akagura chimedu makadhibhokisi, tevera kuti gomba "izvo", kuomerera kune "mukamuri". Tora kanyika kuti makadhibhokisi 10h30 neMM, zvizere rutema dhayi izvozvo, pinza ichi kugadzirwa mudziyo shutter muenzaniso.
9. Kuti Washington firimu mukati "makomba" kuita mubato pamusoro makadhibhokisi uye tepi yakadaro.
10. How kuti pinhole kamera kubva makadhibhokisi nemaoko avo? Pano, pakupedzisira, uye yokupedzisira pfungwa. Dzinoisa firimu pakati wokunze uye menzvimbo mugomba-matchbox chidzitiro. Kushandisa firimu asingadi kutaura, chinogona kubatanidzwa mhiri chechipiri kamera "dhiramu" ayo ichitenderera. Zvakanaka varibatanidze zvose kumativi pamwe tepi.

Saka isu namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara nzira mbiri, anokuudza sei kuti pinhole kamera maoko. Ekupedzisira nani kupfura uchishandisa mutiraipodhi uye shutter rakavhurika kuti kureba kwenguva - mune jeka ekunze kuti 6 masekonzi, mu ramakore - 7-8 seconds.