Ice (womukati injini): Kazhinji unhu, mhando

The chafariz kuwedzera negasi nhasi inoshandiswa mano mazhinji. Izvi turbojet michini, uye Diesel michini, carburetors uye ... Heat chikwata rinogona mhando mbiri:

• zvekunze injini;
• Ice (womukati injini).

We funga zvakadzama yechipiri mhando mudziyo.

General unhu

In motokari dzakawanda nhasi, zvakadai mano dziri yakaiswa, sezvamakaropafadzwa womukati injini musimboti kunosanganisira kuparadzana kupisa uye rokutendeutsa kuva nomuviri basa. Izvi zviri kuitwa sepombi.

Chinonyanya vakarongeka embodiments ikashandiswa misha uye Motors.
Vanogona kushandiswa kwenguva refu uye vane iduku kana ichienzaniswa uye uremu. Asi drawback kuti izvi ndizvo kwebasa pisitoni, kunoitika nenzira reciprocating netsika pamwe chikamu pamusoro crank mashandiro, izvo kurudyi mumwe, unoita basa kuoma, asi pane dzimwe - ndiwo muganhu kuwedzera nokukurumidza. Kuipa ichangopfuura kuoneka apo guru motokari miganhu.

Creation, budiriro uye, vose zvavo, kushanda dzomunyika injini Chokwadi, kwakavakirwa mugumisiro chafariz kuwedzera, sezvamakaropafadzwa nenharo magasi basa rinokosha basa. Somugumisiro, mashoko combustion kufurirwa ari humburumbira payakakurudzirwa akasvetuka, uye pisitoni unotii. Ndiyo musimboti simba chiito, iyo rinoitwa kana ari chafariz kuwedzera Sokushandiswa mu munyika combustion injini nezvimwe ruzivo.

To chinobatsira zvokuimba simba iri raiitwa ichi-, kuti combustion mukamuri inofanira kukasawedzerwa mhepo-mafuta nezvakavhenganiswa, zvokuti pisitoni inobudisa crankshaft, uye vokupedzisira - vhiri.

motokari Most nhasi ina-sitiroko, uye simba kwavari kutendeuka zvinenge chose kupinda anobatsira.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Wokutanga mashandiro kwakadai akasikwa 1860 by French injiniya uye makore maviri gare gare zvinoita National zvinganaka kushandisa mana kutenderera, apo mudzimu dzomunyika injini inosanganisira kubvisa, compression, combustion uye kuwedzera, uye pedza.

Muna 1878, German yefizikisi chetyrehtaktnik akazogadzira yokutanga, iyo kushanda kwezvinhu izvo yakasvika 22%, izvo zvikuru kupfuura hunhu vamutangira zvose.

injini kwakadaro akatanga kuti rakafara kuparadzira ari siyana mabhora zvoupenyu. Nhasi rinoshandiswa mune motokari, zvokurima michina, zvikepe, locomotives, ndege, simba zvinomera uye zvichingodaro.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

Ainyanya akatsanangura kubudirira inoshanda zvatariswa iri kunyatsoshanda, compactness uye kukwanisa kuchinja zvakanaka. Mukuwedzera, injini anogona kumhanya zvikuru vanhuwo ezvinhu, ipapo nokukurumidza nokukurumidza uye kunosvika wakazara mutoro. For Motokari vakadaro zvakakosha harakteristkah sechinhu chinokosha braking torque.

Injini (injini) anokwanisa ushande rinochiwedzera siyana, kubvira peturu kusvikira kudziyisa mafuta bhaira.

Zvisinei, injini izvi vane nhamba payakaipira, pakati inova shoma vachikwanisa, yakawanda ruzha, nevakawanda crankshaft majana panguva kutanga-kumusoro, nekusagona kubatanidza kusvika nemotokari anomonereka, pakati toxicity, iyo pisitoni unozobatsirawo.

Housing

Dzimba chinhu chaiwo akaitwa ina humburumbira, misoro yavo, uye panyaya vanorambana ezasi chikamu crankcase, uye chinokosha pepuranga pamwe lids. Zvinoitika monoblock magadzirirwo. siyana rwakadaro sezvingatarisirwa chinoreva ZVAKASIYANA kugadzirisa.

Zvemamiriro injini redzimba ndivo hwaro, apo zvikamu zviri vakatasva nguva uye crank mashandiro, kutonhora hurongwa, simba wedzerai, lubrication uye zvichingodaro.

kupatsanura

Yainyanya kushandiswa womukati combustion injini (womukati injini), sezvamakaropafadzwa kwacho kunoitika muna sepombi pachavo. Asi Motors kunogona Classified uye zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana.

Pakazosvika nzira yacho uchishandisa kutenderera, vari:

• maviri-Kurohwa;
• mana sitiroko.

Sezvo nzira rokuumba musanganiswa kupinda munyika injini ndiko:

• pamwe kwokunze chimiro (gasi uye carburetor);
• injini ine munyika muvhenganiswa inotungamirwa (Diesel).

Mune nzira kutonhora:

• mvura;
• mhepo.

The sepombi:

• kuroora humburumbira;
• maviri-humburumbira;
• multi-humburumbira.

By nzvimbo:

• mutsara (mira kana oblique);
• V-zvakaumbwa.

Nokuzadza mhepo humburumbira:

• aspirated;
• supercharged.

Maererano womukati injini ichimhanya (injini) ndiko:

• pasi-nokukurumidza;
• mukuru maitikiro;
• speedboat.

Maererano mafuta akashandiswa:

• multi-huni;
• gasi;
• Diesel;
• peturu.

Maererano mwero compression :

• soro;
• pasi.

By kugadzwa:

• autotractor;
• Aviation;
• mira;
• anotakura uye zvichingodaro.

simba

Power unowanzovapo inofungidzirwa mugwagwa dzakabatana mu horsepower.
Izvi izwi rakatangwa mukupera nemasere remakore Chirungu muvambi uyo vakatarisa mabhiza vanokakata dengu pamwe marasha kubva mumigodhi. By kuyera uremu mutoro nekukwirira uko unomutswa, D. Watt akaverenga zvakadini bhiza aigona kudhonza marasha paminiti neumwe kudzika. Gare gare chikwata ichi ainzi zvose anozivikanwa okuti "horsepower". Pashure International System vezvikwata (SI), HP rakagamuchirwa muna 1960 Akava webetsero chikwata chiri akaenzana 736 watts or.