Dzheyms Uatt - the muvambi of hwemvura injini

Dzheyms Uatt ndiye ane basa ndopakaperawo iri zveupfumi muEngland uye nyika. Engineer uye vakatanga Scotland vakaita Kusimudzira Newcomen muchina, zvichikonzera ayo injini tega multi-chinangwa.

makore okutanga

Dzheyms Uatt akaberekwa mhuri ngarava muvaki uye Musiki siyana zvigadziriswe Jakobho. mai vake, Agnes, akanga ari mumiriri mumhuri yakapfuma, pane imwe nguva iye dzidzo yakanaka.

Kubatidza ramangwana muvambi akazviratidza 19.01.1736, mukomana akaberekwa kurwadza zvikuru, saka zvepuraimari pamba nevabereki vavo. Mwana kugona kutamba vezera nemhaka utano murombo, saka unorema nguva yake yakanga yakawandisa nokuzvidzora dzidzo.

Somuyaruki, ake kufarira nyaya dzaiva kemisitiri uye zvenyeredzi. Iyewo aida kuti muenzaniso kuti zvigadziriswe kuti akasika nababa vake.

Paaizosvika makore puraimari akapedza James akapinda jimunasiyamu. Akaratidza kubudirira zvikuru masvomhu. Mukomana aifarira kuverenga zvakawanda izvozvo, akatsvaka kuziva uchidzidzira.

Pazera namasere jaya akarasikirwa naamai vake. Izvi zvinoratidzwa utano uye namabasa baba vake, saka James aifanira kuzvitarisira. Young murume ari gore akabva Scotland kuLondon kudzidza raanoziva, rakanga ukama tambo zviridzwa. Kurovedza Formal wakaitwa kwemakore manomwe, asi mari kubva James akanga chete zvakakwana kuti gore rimwe. Akatanga zvidzidzo ake pakubudiswa vatongi uye compasses. Nokukurumidza, wechiduku mudzidzi aigona kubudisa quadrants geodolity uye dzimwe vepamusorosoro zvokushandisa.

Mugore, jaya rinenge haana kuenda panze. Nguva dzose akanga achishanda: mangwanani - iri hondo, uye manheru - kuti hurongwa. Saka aigona zvokudya pachake. Uyezve, nokuti iye haana kunyorwa sechinhu mudzidzi mukuru, mumigwagwa yake vaimanikidzwa kutora nezvikepe izvo.

basa yokutanga

Ndapedza kubva nokudzidziswa, Dzheyms Uatt noutano husina vakadzokera Scotland. Akasarudza kuronga basa ravo muna Glasgow, waiva kusika uye vachigadzira zvokushandisa. Asi aifanira kubata mubatanidzwa nyanzvi dzokugadzira, uyo iye akarambidza kuita basa iri. Chikonzero chaiva chokuti James haana kudzidzisa yokuchikoro. Hazvina kubatsira kuti aiva mumiririri sepasi bhizimisi muScotland.

Asi jaya chemuchetura nyaya. Panguva ino mune University of Glasgow yakasvika dzebato maturusi nokuita zvenyeredzi. Urutakure uchizvichenjerera, kusanganisira kugadzwa. Kuburikidza neshamwari yake Wyatt awana mukana kushanda. Akagadzwa mwene zvesayenzi zviridzwa tsika. Aiva mukana kuumba yake workshop.

Kuchikoro, James akasangana Joseph Black, yaidzidza kemisitiri. Tenzi unobatsira masayendisiti kukura vamwe kwemakemikari zviridzwa kuti aitsigira kumwe kutsvakurudza kemisiti.

With 1759 Watt zvinhu nani. Izvi akwanise ne kudyidzana pamwe muzvinabhizimisi John Craig. Vakaronga basa riri kugadzirwa maturusi akasiyana-siyana uye matoyi. Income muvambi haana zvakati zvakawedzera. Kudyidzana yavo ikanyarara pashure pemakore matanhatu kubva afa Craig.

Nguva kuvamba

Newcomen kuti chiutsi injini akanga aripo kuti emakore. Kakawanda raishandiswa kupomba mvura. Hapana akanga asina akatoedza kuvandudza nayo. Sezvo 1759 pfungwa kwokushandisa chiutsi Watt akafarirawo, asi kuedza ake akanga kubudirira.

Muna 1763, kuti tenzi akakumbira mumiririri University of Glasgow aine chikumbiro kubatsira rokugadzirisa aripo there Newcomen zvisikwa. Watt akakwanisa kupedza naye anoverengeka kuedza. Akakwanisa kugadzirisa marongerwo uye iva nechokwadi chokuti ineffectiveness kuti muchina uyu. Watt akaita zvimwe kuvandudzwa design, asi hazvina kukwana.

Makore maviri gare gare, Dzheyms Uatt vakawana sei wagadzira akakwana hwemvura injini. Akatanga dzika urongwa hwake muupenyu. Muna 1769 vakapa bvumidzwa kuti rakanamwa yomukati dzora. Akakwanisa kuvaka vanoshanda womuenzaniso anenge ashanda musimboti ichi. Kuumba renguva saizi motokari, akanga asina mari. Izvi zvakabatsira Dzhozef Blek, Dzhon Robak. Matambudziko haana kugumira ipapo, nokuti zvakanga zvisingabviri kuti vabudirire zvakafanira nemazvo iri zvaAtemisi humburumbira uye pisitoni. Uyezve, nemhembwe vakava varombo.

Watt akawana mupinduriri itsva. Vakava Mettyu Bolton, uyo aiva foundry. Problem mukusika munhu humburumbira Dzhon Uilkinson akasarudza. The rokutengesa Kubudirira kuvamba ake Watt akagamuchira kuburikidza kusikwa Joint boka pamwe Mettyu Boltonom, izvo kushanda kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu uye vakauya upfumi chaizvo muvambi.

Watt kutsvaka kwete kuvandudza muchina Newcomen, aida kusika muenzaniso ane zvakasikwa motokari. ake kuita zvose zvakakonzera imwe nzira itsva basa hwemvura injini, raakanga patented pasi zita yemapuraneti inofamba. Zviri pamusoro nzira iyi yakatanga kushanda wokutanga hwemvura injini naJames Watt.

Pashure kubudirira muchina mutsva akatanga nokuedza kusimbisa. Mukurwa nokuda mukurumbira pachavo bhizimisi rako Watt uye Bolton dzakamanikidzwa kupedza mari yakawanda iri litigation. Somugumisiro, vakakwanisa kudzivirira kodzero dzavo.

Meaning of yakagadzirwa

The bvumidzwa nokuda kwesimba James Watt rakanyoreswa muna 1769. Mugwaro racho, kwakati kwatemwa kuti munyori bvumidzwa haana wekuvamba motokari itsva, uye kuti chiutsi injini. Watt vaisanyatsonzwisisa sei kukosha mune ramangwana ichava kuvandudzika.

Zvinorehwa nokugadzirwa kunoratidzwa kuti injini pisitoni inofamba pasi pokudzora chiutsi. Nokuda kwaizvozvo zvaibvira kakawanda kuwedzera simba, pakusika zvimwe kuvafurira. Zvakanga zvisisadiwi yokukudza. Nemhaka yakagadzirwa, zvinokwanisika kuti kusika injini, uye gare gare chikepe.

ndangariro

Kunyange munguva upenyu mumotokari muvambi James Watt akaita revolutionized ari indasitiri. Hazvishamisi, iye akasarudzwa mumiriri dzakawanda. Iye kunyange aida mubayiro musoro Baron, asi iye akaramba izvozvo.

Company, iyo akasarudzwa Watt:

• The Royal Society of Edinburgh.
• Ouzivi Society MuRotterdam.
• Runoenzanirana yeDare French Academy.
• Lunar Society muBirmingham - zvisina sangano nokuda British Kujekerwa masayendisiti.

mumakore achangodarika

Biography waJakobho Watt anoratidza sei unhu ichiita mabasa akawanda aiva. Kusiyana zivo yake zvechokwadi kushamisika munyori Walter Scott, uyo akanga pachake vakajairana muvambi.

Mumakore akazotevera ake Watt yakanga yaita yayo kugadzirwa muchina aigona kutevedzera sculptural mabasa akadai reliefs, zvivezwa, uye mimwewo midziyo.

Akafa tenzi 19.08.1819, panguva ramakumi rechitatu masere. Akavigwa Hendsvorte.

Family nevana

Dzheyms Uatt, nokugadzirwa ndiwo budiriro iri indasitiri, ave akaroora kaviri. mudzimai wake wokutanga, Margaret Miller, akafa muna 1772 pashure pokubereka kwaari mwana wavo wechishanu. Asi kune upenyu vakura rakapona vana vaviri chete, ainzi sezvo vabereki, James uye Margaret.

mudzimai wechipiri akanga Hersveit Makgregor muna 1777. vana vavo pamwe chete ainzi Gregory uye Janet.

dzinonakidza chokwadi

Watt aida kushandiswa senzvimbo simba chairema yainzi "bhiza simba". Zvisinei, muna 1882 panguva chirongwa of British Association of Engineers zvakanzi isarudze munhu chairema simba nezita muvambi. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, magadzirirwo akashandisa Watts. Kwakadaro yakanga kekutanga munhoroondo kwemichina.