IEC 61850: Forums uye zvakanakira mureza

With kukura digitaalinen ruzivo parutivi haana kuramba uye magetsi vagadziri. Pasinei kuvapo yemarudzi kupatsanura pakati ISO, muna Russian zvakanzi dzakabudirira yayo IEC 61850 mwero, zviri kukonzera mamiriro ezvinhu uye nomumbure substations.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Development ruzivo kombiyuta haina wakarega yemagetsi zvakarukwa utariri enyika. Kazhinji akagamuchira nhasi IEC 61850 mureza pakutanga akatanga muna 2003, kunyange zvazvo kuedza kusuma pamusoro hwaro ichi hurongwa vakanga vadzoka 60s remakore rapfuura.

Chaizvoizvo Its mamota pasi pakushandisa dzinokosha protocols, kutonga zvemagetsi network. Kubva kwavari ikozvino, uye akaita vachiongorora kushanda kwaiita network.

Kana kare rinotarisa chete upgrading kombiyuta hurongwa kuti kudzora Magetsi, pakatanga nemitemo, mitemo, protocols sezvo IEC 61850, zvinhu zvakachinja. The chikuru basa vaenzi vakatanga kupa zvichiongororwa kuti nenguva kuziva miedzo malfunctions ari mudziyo.

IEC 61850 dzakati uye ayo analogues

kuti dzakati pacharo zvikuru vachishingaira akatanga kushandiswa pakati pezana 80s. Zvino sezvo wokutanga nomuedzo shanduro nadzurudzo yaishandiswa IEC 61850-1, IEC 60870-5 shanduro 101, 103 104, DNP3 uye Modbus, izvo zvakava zvachose untenable.

Uye kuti kukura kwokutanga akaumba hwaro ano dzakati UCA2, riri pakati 90s rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa Western Europe.

Sei basa iri

Achitendeukira nyaya kushanda, vanofanira kutsanangura zvakaitwa dzakati IEC 61850, nokuti "Dummies" (vanhu vakanga chete kunzwisisa zvinokosha basa uye kunzwisisa nhungamiro yokukurukurirana makombiyuta).

Nyaya iripo ndeyokuti ari substation kana simba chirimwa iiswe microprocessor Chip kuti zvinogona kutapurira mashoko pamusoro mamiriro yose yezvinhu zvakananga nechepakati chinouraya, kuita zvinokosha kudzora.

Data chinja, unosanganisira GOST R IEC 61850 nomukombiyuta kumhanya papi. Nehasha kutaura, chip fari yakabereka tichisunga kusvika pedyo Lan.

A date kutora hurongwa Das (Data Kuzviunganidza System) anoshandisa kanenge ane 64-yati kuchinjirwa, pamwe nhengo encryption algorithms Database.

Asi, sezvo tsika inoratidza uye izvi hurongwa zviri zvikuru nyore. We mafirimu American, kana mune imwe Chiitiko ari adzima simba wedzerai yose misa? Ndizvozvo! Electricity Grid Management Kunoitwa IEC 61850 anogona chikwata kubva chero zvekunze kupi (hereinafter, akanzwisisa sei zvicharangarirwa). Panguva ino, ngatikurukurei inokosha hurongwa zvinodiwa.

Standard R IEC 61850: zvinodiwa yokukurukura nehurongwa

Kana yapfuura zvainzwisiswa kuti chiratidzo vanofanira zvorudzi kushandisa runhare, kukurukurirana zvivako akaita akatamba mberi. Midzi Chips vanokwanisa kupa hutachiwana pa 64 Mbps, ari zvachose yakazvimirira rinobatsirwa rokushumira riri mureza.

Kana tikafunga IEC 61850 mureza "dummies", tsananguro iri nyore: simba Chip anoshandisa proprietary date kuchinjirwa dzakati, pane kwakajairika TCP / IP mureza. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose.

Mureza pacharo ndiro IEC 61850 mashoko pamwe yakachengeteka kubatana. Nemamwe mashoko, kubatana paIndaneti, Wireless network, uye zvichingodaro. E. Ita yakananga nenzira. In pazviruva, sezvinoita mutemo, vangashandisa Marshal Server, nokuti vakadaro (kunyange chaivo) ndivo zvikuru.

The zvachose yezvinoreva

Zviri pachena kuti maererano zvinodiwa zvinofumura Standard IEC 61850, kuisa midziyo iyi mhando iri senguva transformer dumba hakushande (kombiyuta Chip hapana nzvimbo).

Unoshanda zano rakadaro uyewo haazoiti zvose chido. Iye inoda shoma kwokutanga chiyamuro / goho gadziriro raakashandisa Bios, uye kukurukura muenzaniso runoenzanirana date yedzimudzangara (Wireless, that no wired, uye saka yakachengeteka kubatana. D.).

Asi pakati kudzora zvavo kana omunharaunda simba afoot, unogona kuwana zvinenge zvose mashandiro anoita simba. Somuenzaniso, kunyange zvazvo asiri yakanakisisa, tinogona kuderedza firimu "Pasi makirisito» (The Core), kana Hacker kunodzivisa kuparadzwa redu nevanhu nesimba destabilization panobva unokupai Mweya "kupembedza" musiyano wezvinyorwa kukwidziridzwa pamusoro Wepasi core.

Asi ichi ndezvokungofungidzira yakaisvonaka, zvichida kunyange rakapotsa nokusimbisa IEC 61850 zvinodiwa (kunyange izvi hazvina waitaura zvakajeka). Zvisinei, kunyange chinyakare godo IEC 61850 anotarisa kuti nzira. Asi sei tsaona zhinji angadai kudziviswa?

Chete chikwata yechina paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa, kana dzakatangwa chirwere zvishandiso zvinoenderana IEC 61850-1 kanenge, zvichida, vangadai vasina raputika. Uye tinogona chete zvikomborero zvakaitika 1986.

Radiation - zviri zvokuti pachivande mabasa. Mukutanga mazuva, mwedzi kana makore zviratidzo nemwaranzi kurwara urege kwakaratidzwa, tisingatauri hafu-upenyu uranium exchange uye plutonium kuti nhasi, vanhu vashoma teererai. Asi kusangana mumwechete Geiger counter musimba chirimwa aigona kuderedza ngozi kugara munharaunda iyi. Panzira, kuti dzakati pachayo anobvumira kuti kushandisa mashoko akadai kuti usashandisa uye Hardware zvinobatanidzwa kunzwisisa.

Nzira Modelling uye kutendeuka kuti zvechokwadi protocols

Nokuti nyore kunzwisisa sei akunoita, somuenzaniso, IEC 61850-9-2 mureza, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti hapana resimbi waya havagoni kuona mirayiridzo humboo zvitange. Kureva vanoda rakakodzera repeater inokwanisa kuparadzira hurongwa ehurumende data, uye encrypted.

Kugamuchira chiratidzo, sezvo zvinoitika, zviri nyore. Asi zvino kuti raverengwa uye decoded kubudikidza mugamuchiri, vachafanira ziya. Chokwadi, kuti bata huri kuuya chiratidzo, somuenzaniso, pahwaro IEC 61850-2 panguva huru yakati tinofanira kushandisa kuri nehurongwa hwakadai SCADA uye P3A.

Asi inobva pakuti ino anoshandisa waya kukurukurirana Zvivako, dzinokosha protocols vanoonekwa Goose uye MMS (kwete kuti kuvhiringidzwa Mobile mameseji). kutendeuka uku unobereka mureza IEC 61850-8 vachishandisa anotevedzana MMS pakutanga, uye zvino Goose, izvo pakupedzisira rinobvumira kuratidza mashoko dzemuchina dzakaitawo P3A.

The Mhando chikuru substation configuration

Chero substation kuti anoshandisa dzakati ichi vanofanira kanenge ane usingashandi akagadzirwa maturusi kuti mashoko hutachiwana. Chekutanga, icho chinoreva kupfuura mumuviri mano chokuita pemambure. Chechipiri, pane mumwe chikwata akadaro anofanira kuva mumwe kana kupfuura pfungwa modules.

Panyaya iyi, mudziyo pacharo anokwanisa kuita mashandiro ari nomusimboti, mumwe pasuo, kana kunyange mhando nhume kuti mashoko hutachiwana. Pachavo sezvo musoro nodes vane yakamanikana chinangwa uye rakakamurwa zvinotevera zvidzidzo:

• "A" - otomatiki kudzora enyika;
• "M" - nekuyera hurongwa;
• "C" - telemetry kudzora;
• «G» - modules tsika uye mashandiro pazviruva;
• «I» - pave nokukurukurirana nzira uye nzira dzinoshandiswa arşive mashoko;
• «L» - pfungwa modules uye maitiro zvinoriumba izvozvo;
• «P» - inodzivirira;
• «R» - chokuita unodzivirira zvinoriumba;
• «S» - sensors;
• «T» - transformers, mamita;
• «X» - misa-danda switchgear;
• «Y» - mhando simba transformers;
• «Z» - zvose zviri haana kuiswawo pakati pamusoro mhando.

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti dzakati IEC 61850-8-1 Somuenzaniso, anokwanisa nechokwadi zvishoma kushandisa waya kana netambo, izvo, chokwadi, chete kunobatsirawo kudekara configuration kuti michina. Asi chikuru dambudziko, sezvo zvinoitika, ndiko kuti asina mamaneja ose vanokwanisa dzinoona akagamuchira mashoko kunyange pamberi zvakakodzera Software package. Tinovimba kuti izvi kwekanguva dambudziko.

chikumbiro Software

Zvisinei, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu kusanzwisisana pakati misimboti iyi mhando chiito zvirongwa godo IEC 61850 chaiko zvinogona kuitwa chero uchishandisa hurongwa (kunyange Mobile).

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti kushanda vashandi kana integrators vari kupedza ndoda nguva iri kubudiswa nemashoko kuuya kubva substation. Mavakirwo mafomu akadaro nzwisisa, inowanikwa iri nyore, sezvo zvose kubudiswa ndiyo chete yebhuku vemunyika mashoko vane Zvakazoitwa otomatiki chokuendesa results.

Zvakaipira kwakadaro gadziriro anogona kunzi zvichida kuti overbilling P3A midziyo (microprocessor anotsanangura hurongwa). Nokudaro kuti hazvibviri ayo vakawanda chikumbiro.

kushanda

Izvi zvisati zvaitika, zvose zviri pamusoro apa ukama kuna IEC 61850 dzakati hanya mashoko chete yokungotaura. Sei kushanda tsika?

Ngatitii tine propulsion gadziriro (substation) ne-danho matatu simba nerubatsiro uye vaviri tambo zvinoshandisa pakurima. Pakusarudza mureza akanyatsorongwa chikwata vaishandisa MMXU zita. To IEC 61850 kunogona zviviri: MMXU1 uye MMXU2. Mumwe raiva pedyo nebundu idzodzo nyore kuzivikanwa anogona ine uyewo chimwezve chivakashure.

Somuenzaniso, modeled maererano raiva pedyo nebundu XCBR. Ari kuzvibatanidza kushandisa mamwe makuru dzaishandisa:

• Loc - Pakusarudza yomunzvimbo kana kure nzvimbo;
• OpCnt - kuverengwa nzira rinoitwa (akaurayiwa) akavhiyiwa;
• Pos - the opareta mutariri nzvimbo uye parameters zvakafanana loc;
• BlkOpn - akakiya nokurayira chinja kuvhura;
• BlkCls - zvechizarira chinja;
• CBOpCap - mashandiro muoti kusarudzwa chinja.

kupatsanura zvakadaro achirondedzera makirasi CDC Data dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa hurongwa 7-3 nadzurudzo. Zvisinei, kunyange muchiitiko ichi, kuti configuration kunobva pakushandisa anoverengeka zvatariswa (FC - dzichipfekeka zvatisingagoni, SPS - panzvimbo nehurumende Unit, SV uye ST - zvivako permutation hurongwa, DC uye EKS - tsananguro uye dzimwe tsanangudzo parameters).

Maererano tsananguro uye rondedzero SPS mukirasi pfungwa cheni zvinosanganisira zvivako stVal, unhu - Q, uye parameters ari kuitika nguva - t.

Saka kushandurwa rinoitwa pamusoro ane Ethernet pezvinopiwa zvemichina Data uye TCP / IP dzakati zvakananga chinhu shanduka MMS, izvo chete gare gare vanozivikanwa pamwe basa zita, chinoguma kukosha upi vanobatanidzwa pane indekisi nguva ino yechokwadi.

Uyezve, IEC 61850 dzakati kungonamata generalized uye kunyange husingaoneki womuenzaniso. Asi anoritsanangura akaita tsanangudzo sechivako chero chinhu nesimba ino, iyo anobvumira microprocessor Chips chaizvo kuona mudziyo mumwe vanobatanidzwa munzvimbo iyi, kusanganisira vaya vanoshandisa simba-kuponesa ruzivo.

Tichingotarisa dzakati nemanyorerwo zvinogona kuchinjwa kuti chero mhando data, yakavakirwa MMS uye mitemo ISO 9506. Asi maneja sei, zvino, akasarudzwa pakati IEC 61850 mureza?

Rinobatanidzwa chete chete rakavimbika parameters uye nyore muitiro pamwe basa mazita kunzwisisa kana maitiro ebasa.

mutoo kwakadaro pasina kupindira dzakati MMS zvikuru basa-nyanyisa, kunyange pakugadzirwa zvikumbiro zvakadaro "verenga-nyora-chitaurwa". Kwete, Chokwadi unogona kugadzira kutendeutsa ichi mhando, kunyange UCA mapurani. Asi, sezvo tsika inoratidza ndicho kushanda IEC 61850 kunoita kuti uite izvi pasina zvikuru nesimba uye nguva mari.

Mibvunzo date ongororo

Zvisinei, nyika ino hakugumiri handover. Kutaura zvazviri, midzi microprocessor hurongwa anogona kuchinjana mashoko kwete chete pazviteshi uye nechepakati masimba enyika. Vanogona kubata mashoko pamwe akakodzera michina.

MUENZANISO nyore: electronic Chip anotumira amperage kana voltage mune basa zvekutepfenyura. Saizvozvowo, zvimwe Sub-mamiriro ezvinhu pahwaro ari voltage donhwe kunogona kuita kuti kana chokukuvadza mamwe simba zvitengeswa hurongwa. Zvisinei, izvi zvose kwakavakirwa mitemo mwero wefizikisi uye magetsi engineering, izvozvo zvinoenderana matsva. Somuenzaniso, tine mwero voltage ine 220 V. In Europe - 230 V.

Kana kutarira nzira dzekuziva kuti zvarakasiya, mune yaimbova USSR ndiye +/- 15%, ukuwo munyika dzakasimukira European, hazvisi kupfuura 5%. Hazvishamisi kuti Western vakapiswa midziyo chete zvinopera chete nokuda kwesimba RINOFAMBIRA.

Uye zvichida asina zvakakodzera kutaura kuti vakawanda vedu murinde pachivanze mamiriro ari muchimiro transformer chiteshi, yakavakwa mumazuva Soviet Union. Unofunga panogona kuva kombiyuta Chip yakatarwa kana kubatanidza netambo kuti vawane ruzivo pamusoro mamiriro transformer? Pano ndizvo hazvisi!

Hurongwa hutsva inobva IEC 61850 mureza mvumo ane kudzora zvose parameters, asi zviri pachena kuti rukoniwe kwakapararira Implementation mabasa akakodzera haukwezvi se "simba rokutengesa" iri mashoko kuroorana zviri rukoko protocols.

Hapana chinoshamisa ichi. Makambani kuti ugovane magetsi pakati vatengi angangova kurasikirwa purofiti kana zvakanakira mumusika.

pachinzvimbo gumisiro

Kazhinji, kuti dzakati rumwe rutivi, ari nyore, asi pane dzimwe - zvakaoma chaizvo. Dambudziko harisi kunyange chokwadi kuti zuva, hapana Software zvakakodzera, uye kuti yose yemagetsi simba rokudzora hurongwa, nhaka kubva Soviet Union, izvi hadzisi kugadzirira. Uye kana iwe kufunga yakaderera zvinodiwa kwomudonzvo, ipapo mubvunzo hazvigoneki kuti munhu anokwanisa kudzora kana kubvisa dambudziko iri nenguva nenzira. Takaona vaviri wakaita? Dambudziko? De-ichitipa simba dzakapoteredza. Ndizvo zvose.

Asi kushandisa mureza uyu kudzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu mhando ichi, tisingatauri ose tikaisa blackouts.

Saka, tinogona chete tiswedere imwe mhedziso. Kuti mugumo User ane kushandiswa IEC 61850? In nyore mupfungwa - iri risina kumiswa simba wedzerai kushaya simba kukundikana. Ona kuti kana kombiyuta chinouraya kana tablet haisi akagovera kushandisa imwe uninterruptible simba nemushonga kana voltage regulator, inodonha kana kusvetuka kungamutsawo nokukurumidza hurongwa shutdown. Okay, kana unofanira kudzorera panguva usashandisa pamwero. Uye kana kupisa gondobwe rinoparadza kana nemotokari zvakaoma zvinopera, ipapo zvokuita?

Izvi, Chokwadi, iri yoga nyaya kudzidza, asi zvinodiwa pachavo, zvino kushandiswa simba dzemapurisa ne tsamba "simbi" uye Software Diagnostics vanokwanisa kudzora zvose parameters ose network, kudzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu pamwe veMubatanidzwa dzinonetsa kukundikana kuti kungaguma kwete kukuvadza mhuri midziyo yemagetsi asi kune kukundikana neimba yose wiring (inozivikanwa, rakagadzirirwa hapana anopfuura 2 KW pane mureza voltage pakati 220 V). Naizvozvo, panguva iyoyo kusanganisira firiji, muchina wokuwacha kana mvura bhaira kuti kudziyisa mvura, funga rimwe zana sezvo kwakarurama.

Kana shanduro dzakati Data yaanotora, subsystem Kurongwa richashandiswa kwaita. Uye pamwero mukuru izvozvo Inotyiwa triggering chete 16-ampere fiyuzi, izvo vagari 9-storey dzimba dzimwe nguva kumisa kururama kwavo pachavo, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda basa, riri basa ichi. Asi mutengo nyaya, sezvo zvinoitika, riri dzakakwirira zvikuru, sezvo anobvumira yokunzvenga zvimwe zvausingakwanisi chokuita yekunwa mureza uye zvichabatsira mirayiro.