IS Turgenev, "PaEvha": chidimbu chitsva. "Pamusoro paEvha" Turgenev IS: kuongorora, nhoroondo yekusika

Muchikamu chino tinotarisa nhoroondo yeIvan Sergeevich, yakasikwa muna 1859, ticharondedzera zvinyorwa zvake. "Zuva rakapfuura" Turgenev yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1860, uye basa iri rinoramba richida. Zvinonakidza kwete chete inoverengeka pachayo, asiwo nhoroondo yezvisikwa zvayo. Izvo, pamwe nekuongorora kwenguva pfupi kwebasa racho, tichauya mushure mokunge tataura mhedziso ye "On Eve". Turgenev (mufananidzo wake unoratidzwa pasi apa) yakagadzira nhoroondo inofadza zvikuru, uye chinangwa chake chaunoda iwe.

Bersenev naShubin

Paguta reRwizi rwaMoscow muzhizha ra 1853, pasi pe linden kune varume vechidiki vaviri. Kuziva navo kunotanga kupfupisa "Mumazuva". Turgenev anotipa isu yekutanga, Bersenev Andrey Petrovich. Ane makore makumi maviri nemaviri, iye achangopedza kudzidza kuMoscow University. Uyu mukomana ari kumirira basa redzidzo. Yechipiri ndeye Shubin Pavel Yakovlevich, muvezi wemifananidzo. Vanopopotedzana nezvezvisikwa uye pamusoro penzvimbo yevanhu mairi. Kuzvigutsikana kwake nekuzadzwa zvinoshamisa Bersenev. Anotenda kuti pasinei nezvakaitika mumamiriro ezvinhu, kusakwana kwemunhu kunonyatsooneka. Izvi zvinokonzera kushungurudzika uye kusuruvara. Shubin anotenda kuti munhu anofanira kurarama, kwete kuratidza. Anokurudzira shamwari yake kuva nemoyo wemusikana.

Ipapo vechidiki vanotendeuka kutaura nezvezvinhu zvakajairika. Munguva pfupi Bersenev akaona Insarov. Zvakakosha kuzivana naShubin naye, pamwe chete nemhuri yeStakhov. Yenguva yekudzokera kune dacha, usanonoka kudya kwemanheru. Stakhova Anna Vasilyevna, wechipiri muzukuru wa Pavel Yakovlevich, haazofari. Uye kumukadzi uyu iye anosungirwa kuve akataridzirwa mufananidzo.

Stakhov Nikolai Artemyevich's History

Nyaya yaStakhov yaNikola Artemyevich inopfuurira nhoroondo yeTurgenev "The Day Before" (muchidimbu muchidimbu). Uyu ndiye musoro wemhuri, uyo, kubva paudiki hwake, akarota nezvewanano unobatsira. Akazadzisa kurota kwake mumakore 25. Mudzimai wake aiva Shubina Anna Vasilyevna. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza Stakhov akabatana naAugustina Khristianovna. Vose vevakadzi ava vakamushungurudza. Mudzimai wake anotambura nekusatendeka, asi achiri kurwadza, nokuti akanyengera akapa hanzvadzi yake mapairi madhena kubva pamuti waAna Vasilievna.

Upenyu hwaShubin mumhuri yeStakhov

Shubin ave achigara mumhuri iyi kwemakore anenge mashanu, mushure mekufa kwamai vake, mukadzi ane mutsa uye akachenjera wechiFrench (baba vaShubin vakafa makore mashoma apfuura). Anoshanda zvakaoma, asi achibvuta, haadi kunzwa chimwe chinhu pamusoro pevaporofesa uye academy. MuMoscow, Shubin inonzi inovimbiswa, asi haana kumboita chero chinhu chakakosha kusvika ikozvino. Elena Nikolaevna, mukunda weVaStakhovs, anomuda zvikuru. Zvisinei, hero haina kupotsa mukana wekuita zvepabonde nemurume ane makore 17 Zoya, shamwari yaHelen. Nhamo, Elena haanzwisisi izvi zvinopesana mumunhu waShubin. Aigara achitsamwiswa nekushaiwa kweunhu mumunhu, akatsamwa neupenzi, haakanganwiri nhema. Kana mumwe munhu akarasikirwa neruremekedzo rwake, anobva atova kuvapo nokuda kwake.

Unhu hweAlena Nikolaevna

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Elena Nikolaevna munhu akakurumbira. Ane makore makumi maviri, anonakidza uye akanaka. Ane bvudzi rakasviba-bvudzi uye maziso akachena. Zvisinei, mumusikana wemusikana uyu pane chimwe chinhu chinotyisa, chinotyisa, icho chisingadi munhu wose.

Hapana chinogona kugutsa Elena Nikolaevna, uyo mweya wake unoedza kuita zvakanaka. Uyu musikana kubva paudiki aigara uye achinetseka nevarombo, varombo, vanhu vanorwara uye mhuka. Pazera remakore gumi akasangana nemusikana murombo Katya, akatanga kumuchengeta. Uyu musikana akazova chinhu chaicho chekunamata kwake. Izvi zvaisabvumirwa nevabereki vaElena. Ichokwadi, Katya akafa nokukurumidza. Zvisinei, mweya waElena wakasiya nzira yekusangana kwake naye.

Musikana uyu akararama upenyu hwake kubva pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu, asi akanga ari oga. Hapana akanga achinyadzisa Elena, asi akanga aneta, akati hapana kana munhu aifanira kuda. Akanga asingadi kuona murume wake Shubin, nokuti iye anozivikanwa nokuda kwekusagadzikana. Asi Bersenev inokwezva Elena semunhu akadzidziswa, akachenjera uye akadzika. Asi sei achiramba achitaura nezve Insarov, uyo ane hanya nepfungwa yekuregedza nyika yake? Nhoroondo dzeBersenev dzinotaurira Elena kuti afarire zvikuru unhu hweBulgaria.

Nyaya yaDmitry Insarov

Nhau yaIndarov ndeyotevera. Amai vake vakagumburwa, ndokubva vauraya aIturuki aha, apo muBulgaria akanga achiri mwana. Baba vake vakaedza kutsiva paari, asi vakadururwa. Akasara nherera pazera remakore masere, Dmitry akasvika kumbuya vake muRussia. Mushure memakore gumi nemaviri, akadzokera kuBulgaria, iyo yemakore maviri yaakadzidza nekuyambuka. Insarov aigara achiisa pangozi mukufamba kwake, akatambudzwa. Bersenev pachake akaona tsvuku yakasara panzvimbo yevanga. Dmitry haasi kuronga kutsiva, anotevera chinangwa chakazara.

Insarov ane urombo, kufanana nevadzidzi vose, asi ane utsinye, anozvikudza uye anozvidza. Inopesana nehuwandu hwemabasa ekushanda. Uyu hero anodzidza hupfumi hwezvematongerwe enyika, mutemo, nhoroondo yeRussia, inoshandura Bulgarian chinyorwa uye nziyo, inogadzirisa gwaro rechiBulgaria cheRussia uye Russian kuBulgaria.

Sezvo Elena akawira murudo ne Insarov

Dmitry Insarov panguva yekushanya kwekutanga haana kufadza Yelena sezvaaitarisira mushure menyaya dzeBersenev dzinofadza. Zvisinei, imwe nyaya yakakurumidza kusimbisa kuti akanga asina kukanganisa muBulgaria.

Pane imwe nguva Anna Vasilevna aizotaridza kunaka kweTaritsyn kumwanasikana wake naZoya. Kambani huru yakaenda ikoko. Paki, matongo eimba yamambo, madziva - zvose izvi zvakafadza Elena. Zoya akaimba zvakanaka paaishambira pachikepe. Akadanidzira kunyange imwe kambani, iyo yaive yepodgulyavshih Germany. Pakutanga vakanga vasina kubhadhara zvakanyanya, asi mushure mepikinikiti, vakatosvika pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, ivo zvakare vakasangana navo. Nenguva isipi munhu wekukura kunoshamisa akazviparadzanisa nekambani. Akatanga kukumbira kutsvoda semupiro wekuti Zoya haana kupindura kubvunzwa kwevaGermany. Shubin yakatanga nekutaura kusinganzwisisiki, kukurudzira kukurudzira kudhakwa kwekudhakwa, asi izvi zvinongomutsamwisa. Uye Insarov akapfuurira mberi. Akangokumbira kubva kune munhu asina hanya kuti aende. Murume wacho akazendamira mberi, asi Insarov akamusimudza mumhepo ndokumukandira mudambudziko.

Iwe unofarira kuziva here kuti "Zuva Rokutanga" pfupiso rinowedzera chii? Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich akagadzirira kwatiri zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofadza. Mushure mechiitiko ichi pamapikini, Elena akazvipupurira oga kuti akada Dmitry. Nokudaro, kumurova kwake kwakange kuri nhau kuti akanga achibva kuDacha. Bersenev chete anonzwisisa kuti nei kubuda uku kwaidiwa. Shamwari yake yaimboreurura kuti aizomusiya kana akawira murudo, sezvo asingakwanisi kuchinja basa rake nekuda kwemanzwiro ake. Insarov akati haadi chiRussia rudo. Paakadzidza pamusoro peizvi, Elena anozvisarudzira kuti pachake aende kuna Dmitry.

Tsanangudzo yorudo

Saka takaenda kuchiitiko chinotsanangura murudo, tichirondedzera zvishoma zvinyorwa zvebasa "PaEvha". Zvechokwadi vaverengi vanofarira kuti zvakaitika sei. Dzokorora muchidimbu chiitiko ichi. Insarov akasimbisa Elena, uyo akauya kwaari, kuti akanga achibva. Musikana wacho akasarudza kuti aifanira kutanga ataura manzwiro ake, zvaakaita. Insarov akabvunza kana akanga akagadzirira kumutevera kwose kwose. Musikana wacho akapindura mubvuma. Zvino Bulgaria yakati yaizomutora semudzimai wake.

Matambudziko anotarisana nevanodiwa

Munguva iyi, maStakhovs akatanga kuonekwa Kurnatovsky, uyo akashanda muSeneti semunyori mukuru. Murume uyu anoona Stakhov semurume wemangwana wemwanasikana wake. Uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinotambudza vanodiwa. Zvose zvinotyisa ndeye tsamba dzinobva kuBulgaria. Iwe unofamba kuenda iwe uchigona, uye Dmitry ari kugadzirira kuenda. Zvisinei, pakarepo akabatwa nechando ndokubva achirwara. Mazuva 8 Dmitry akanga afa.

Mazuva ose aya Bersenev akamutarisira, uye zvakare akaudza Elena pamusoro pemamiriro ake. Pakupedzisira, dambudziko rakanga rapera. Asi kusvikira kuzorora kwakakwana kuchiri kure, uye Insarov anomanikidzwa kugara mumba make. Ivan Sergeevich anotaura pamusoro peizvi zvose zvakadzama, asi isu tichabvisa zvinyorwa izvi, tichiita muchidimbu muchidimbu chinyorwa cheIvan Turgenev "On Eve".

Once Elena anoshanyira Dmitry. Vanotaura kwenguva refu pamusoro pekudiwa kwekukurumidza nekuenda, pamusoro pemoyo weBersenev, pamusoro pematambudziko ake. Pazuva rino vanova murume nemudzimai kwete zvakare mumashoko. Vabereki vanodzidza nezvezuva ravo.

Baba vaElena vanodana mwanasikana wavo kururamisiro. Anosimbisa kuti Insarov murume wake, uye kuti muvhiki vachaenda kuBulgaria. Anna Vasilevna faints. Baba vanobata Elena neruoko, asi panguva iyoyo Shubin anodanidzira kuti Augustina Khristianovna akauya ndokudana Nikolai Artemyevich.

Rwendo rwaAlena naDmitry

Vechidiki vakatosvika kuVenice. Shure kwaive kufamba kwakaoma, uye mwedzi miviri yekurwara muVienna. Mushure mekunge Venice, vachaenda kutanga kuSerbia, uyezve kuBulgaria. Izvo chete zvinotofanira kumirira Rendic, mhumhi yekare, iyo inofanirwa kuyambuka iyo mhiri kwegungwa.

Venice zvechokwadi aifarira Elena naDmitry. Zvisinei, kuteerera kumitambo ye "Traviata", ivo vanovhiringidzwa nechiitiko umo Alfred anotaura kuVietletta, kufa kwekudya. Helen anosiya manzwiro emufaro. Insarov inowedzera kuipa zuva rinotevera. Ane fivha zvakare, ari mukukanganwa. Elena, aneta, anowira vavete.

Uyezve, kurota kwake kunotsanangurwa naTurgenev ("The Day Before"). Verenga chidimbu, hongu, hachisi sechinhu chinonakidza sezvakaitwa pakutanga. Tinotarisira, mushure mokunge taziva nyaya yenyaya ino, iwe uchava nechido chokumuziva zviri nani.

Hope yaHelen uye rufu rwaDmitry

Anorota chikepe, kutanga paTsaritsynsky dziva, uyezve mugungwa risina kugadzikana. Nenguva isipi, chimupupuri chinotonhora chinotanga, uye zvino musikana wacho asati atova muchikepe, asi ari mungoro. Pedyo necho - Katya. Kamwe kamwe ngoro yacho inomhanyira mukati mechando mugomba risina chigadziko, uye shamwari yake inoseka uye inodana Elena kubva mugomba risina chigadziko. Achisimudza musoro wake, Elena anoona Insarov, uyo anoti ari kufa.

Chidimbu chebhuku rekunyora "Zuva Rokutanga" rinodzorera muverengi kune zviitiko zviri kuitika munyika yezvokwadi, kwete kurara. Arrived Rendich haasati awana Dmitry ari mupenyu. Elena anokumbira kuti atore kunyika yekwake nebhokisi rine muviri waI insarov, pamwe chete naye.

Ramangwana reAlena

Iko kwasvika kumagumo muchidimbu che "Evha". Turgenev INHU inotitaurira pamusoro pekuguma kwemunhu mukuru mushure mekufa kwemurume wake. Vhiki nhatu mushure mekufa kwake kunouya tsamba kubva kuVenice. Elena anozivisa vabereki vake kuti ari kuenda kuBulgaria. Anonyora izvozvo kubva iye zvino zvichienda kune imwe nyika. Izvo zvakashata zveElena zvisinganzwisisiki. Paiva nenhema yokuti mumwe munhu akanga amuona muHerzegovina. Elena anonzi akanga ari hanzvadzi yengoni kune uto reBulgaria, aigara akapfeka mbatya dzemavara. Zvadaro tsanangudzo yemusikana uyu yakarasika.

Izvi zvinopedzisa muchidimbu che "Pane Evha". Turgenev akatora sechikonzero chebasa iri nhau kubva munyaya yerhamwari yake. Mamwe mashoko pamusoro peizvi muchadzidza, mushure mekuziva nhoroondo yezvisikwa "Mambakwedza".

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa

Vasily Katariev, shamwari yaTurgenev nemuvakidzani wake pamusoro penzvimbo, muna 1854 akaenda kuCrimea. Akanga ane chimiro chekufa kwake, saka akapa Ivan Ivanovich nhoroondo yakanyorwa naye. Basa racho rainzi "mhuri yeMoscow". Nyaya yacho yakapa nyaya yerudo rusina kunaka rwaVasily Katarev. Panguva yezvidzidzo zvake kuMoscow University, Qatariev akadanana nemusikana mumwe. Akamusiya ndokuenda nemumwe muBulgaria kuenda kunyika yekwake. Pasina nguva iyi Bulgaria yakafa, asi musikana haana kudzokera ku Katareyev.

Munyori webasa akaratidza kuti Ivan Sergeyevich anobata. Mushure memakore mashanu, Turgenev akatanga kunyora inoverengeka yake "Pamberi pezuva". Nhau ye Katarev yakashanda sechikonzero chebasa iri. Panguva iyoyo, Basil akanga atofa. Muna 1859, Turgenev akapedza "Evha".

Chidimbu chezvitsauko, uyewo nhoroondo yezvisikwa zvebasa, takatsanangura. Inoramba ichinyatsoongorora.

Kuongorora kwenguva pfupi

Mushure mokusikwa kwezvifananidzo zveLavretzky naRudin, Ivan Sergeevich akazvibvunza mubvunzo pamusoro pekuti "vanhu vatsva" vaizobva kupi, kubva kune zvipi zvaizoonekwa? Aida kuratidzira gamba rakashinga, rine simba rakange rakagadzirira kurwadza kunorwadza. Vakanga vari vanhu vakadaro vaidaidzwa ne "dutu" 1860s. Vaizofanira kutora nzvimbo yakafanana naRudin, uyo aisagona kubva pamashoko kuenda kumabasa. Uye Turgenev akasika hero itsva, wawakambosangana naye, mushure mokuverenga chidimbu chebhuku. Ichokwadi, ichi ndicho Insarov. Uyu gamba i "murume wesimbi" ane chinangwa, kutsungirira, kuda, uye ane zvaanozviita. Zvose izvi zvinomuita semunhu anoshanda, kusiyana nemasikirwo anofungidzira, semufananidzo weShunbin uye muzivi Bersenev.

Elena Stakhova anoona zvakaoma kuita sarudzo. Anogona kuroora Alexey Bersenev, Pavel Shubin, Yegor Kurnatovsky kana Dmitry Insarov. Nhoroondo yezvitsauko zvebasa "Evha" (Turgenev) yakakubvumira kuti uzive mumwe nomumwe wavo. Elena personifies vaduku Russia "pave eve" yekuchinja. Ivan Sergeyevich anosarudza saizvozvo mubvunzo unokosha wekuti ndiani anodiwa zvikuru iye zvino kunyika yose. Vanhu veunyanzvi kana masayendisiti, vatungamiri vehurumende kana zvisikwa vakazvipira hupenyu hwavo kushumira chikonzero chekuda nyika? Elena ane mhinduro dzake dzakasarudzwa mubvunzo, uyo wakakosha zvikuru kuRussia muma1860. Uyo waakasarudza, iwe unoziva, kana iwe ukaverenga chidimbu chebhuku.