Ivan Goncharov: Life uye Basa

Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov - yakakurumbira Russian munyori, yakaitirwa St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The kukurumbira chikuru kunowanwa enganonyorwa akadai "Open", "Zvavo Story", "Oblomov" uye kutenderera motokari essays "Frigate Pallada". Uye, chokwadi, vose anoziva chaiko-yakaoma nyaya Goncharov "zillion kutambudzwa". We kukuudzai pamusoro munyori mukuru ichi zvakadzama.

emunyori uduku

Ivan Goncharov, ane upenyu uye basa vachapiwa zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino, akaberekwa muna Simbirsk muna 1812. Vabereki vake vaiva vatengesi kirasi. Childhood wakaitwa muduku Ivan Goncharov imba hombe, riri pakati peguta. Papera makore, munyori rinotaura nezvazvo ake nyaya autobiographical "Kumba", "mazitombo echando, wedzimba, matura zvakanga pamuromo dzizere hwakatsetseka, mapfunde zvemarudzi ose akasiyana urongwa mhuri yedu uye veimba. Yakanga isingori munda, uye musha wose. " Ndinofanira kutaura kuti chii akaona muimba ino, akatanga ari wechidiki Goncharov kufarira neruzivo tenzi wake, nzira yeko youpenyu kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo-zvinhu Russia, izvo saka zvechokwadi uye zvakajeka hwakatamisirwa mune enganonyorwa ake.

Apo Ivan akanga 7 nemakore, baba vake vakafa, uye nokuda dzidzo Ivan akatora GODFATHER - Nikolai Tregubov. Sezvo pamudyandigere seaman, aikudzwa ne zvakanaka kufunga yokutsoropodza uye sedzisingasaruri. "Hello mukwasvi" - saka Goncharov, ane Biography Zvinozivikanwa kuti mafeni, akadana mudzidzisi wake. Ivan Aleksandrovich anoyeuka: "Kuti Ndinovonga Nicholas nokuda atakaitwa, mai vangu mufudzikadzi ose mabasa ake upenyu uye nguva vashumiri Tregubova akabatanidzwa zvedu, uye kutongwa Amai, isu akaporesa mhuri huru.". Zvakangwara hanya akaenda Nicholas. The acho chikamu pasi pamapfudzi mai - simba, ruzivo, rakaisvonaka hositesi.

inotungamirwa

Pakutanga, wechiduku Goncharov, upenyu uye basa rinoyemurwa, akadzidza kumba pasi pokudzora Tregubova, uye ipapo mune private mudyandigere. Pangosvika mukomana aiva nemakore 10 okuberekwa, akatumirwa kuMoscow panguva kuomerera amai.

Anotevera 8 makore, Ivan akadzidza pa rokutengesa chikoro. Mune ramangwana, munyori achaita kutsanangura makore aya ave akaoma uye uninteresting. Kunyange zvazvo ake mutsika uye pakunamata kukura kuri chipatapata. Mukomana verenga chaizvo. Domestic mabhuku akava chipangamazano wake vechokwadi. Goncharov (upenyu uye basa vari muchidimbu zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino), anoyeuka: "Karamzin aiva mudzidzisi wangu wokutanga kukura gumaniteta uye tsika bhora yose. Kana nhetembo, tiri nevaunotamba navo mumitambo reveled Ozorovym, Dmitriev, uye kunyange Derzhavin Kheraskov nekanzuru chikoro kuti nyanduri. "

chidhori rokutanga

"Eugene Onegin" by Pushkin akava Goncharov uye nevezera rake ichi enhetembo pfuma. Akati: "Oh Mwari wangu! Chii chiedza, chii zvemashiripiti horizons akazarurwa, uye izvo kuzarurirwa uye nhetembo, uye upenyu, uyezve, akajeka uye ano, nemafashamo kubva ichi simba! "Achipa upenyu-iyi uchinyengetera achikudza pamberi zita nyanduri huru Goncharov ruzivo upenyu.

Kubvuma kuti University

Makirasi pachikoro vava sokusingatsungiririki nokuda Ivan, uye akakumbira amai vake kushandisa ayo deletion. Panguva iyi, jaya raiva namasere, uye akatanga kufunga nezveramangwana rake. Uye sezvo yakabuda sezvo mwana chido kunyora haana aenda kwese, Goncharov, ane upenyu uye basa zvakanyatsobatana nokusingaperi, akasarudza kupinda kutukwa dhipatimendi of Moscow University. Muna 1831 iye vakabudirira vakapfuura bvunzo uye akanga akanyoresa ikoko.

Makore Matatu kudzidza chinhu chinokosha chinokosha basa rake. Munyori ramangwana rakanga kufunga kwazvo - nezvako, pamusoro vanhu, nezvoupenyu. Panguva iyoyowo, Ivan akadzidza paYunivhesiti Aksakov, Turgenev, Lermontov, Stankevich, Ogarev, sydäntä, Belinsky nevamwe matarenda vechiduku akapinda zita rake munhoroondo mabhuku Russian.

pashure yunivhesiti

Ndapedza kubva yunivhesiti muna 1834, vaumbi akapinda chizvarwa Simbirsk, kwaakanga achimirira hanzvadzi, mai uye Tregubov. Saka vanoziva kubva pauduku guta Ivan akarova kupfuura zvose ndechokuti kwemakore akawanda hapana chakachinja. Yakanga chihombe hope musha.

Kunyange asati kudzidza munyori yemberi vakasimuka pfungwa kudzokera kumusha kwake. Akavhomora zvikuru upenyu hwomudzimu yembiru (St. Petersburg, Moscow). Uye kunyange zvazvo chisarudzo kuenda, akatora, asi haana kusiya.

basa yokutanga

Panguva ino, Goncharov, gadzira upenyu uye basa iri purogiramu yechikoro, akapiwa chipo kubva gavhuna Simbirsk. Aida munyori ramangwana akashanda munyori wake oga. Mushure zvikuru kuzengurira uye kuzengurira Ivan akabvuma, asi basa raiva richikunetesa uye kusabhadhara. Asi akanzwisisa mashandiro kuti kushanda bureaucratic ino kuti kwaibatsira iye vakazobatsira munyori.

Gumi neimwe pemwedzi, akatamira St. Petersburg. Ivan akatanga kuvaka ramangwana ravo nemaoko avo pachavo, pasina rubatsiro kubva kunze. Patakasvika, akagarisa pasi sezvo mushanduri muushumiri Finance. Basa rakanga inorema uye zvikuru akabhadhara.

Gare gare, akava shamwari nemhuri Maikova kudzidzisa vanakomana vakuru vaviri, Russian mabhuku uye chiLatin. House Maikova chinhu nemagariro muzinda inonakidza St. Petersburg. Zuva nezuva tiri kuenda vemifananidzo, vaimbi uye vanyori.

Kutanga okugadzira zvinhu

Nokufamba kwenguva Goncharov "zillion kutambudzwa" zvakasara mumwe zvikuru nevanhu mabasa akava Zvinoshamisa kureva kudanana Chitendero ounyanzvi tinoberekwa Maikova musha. 40s anganzi kutanga basa rake. Yaiva nguva inokosha tichitarisa pave Russian mabhuku uye vamwevo. Ipapo munyori akasangana Belinsky. mutsoropodzi Great zvikuru zvabatsira pakunamata Mir Ivana Aleksandrovicha uye akaratidza kuyemurwa kunyora Style, muridzi ne Goncharov. "Zillion kutambudzwa" munyori akafarirwa Belinsky kwazvo.

Muna 1847, "Story Zvavo" yakabudiswa "Contemporary". In nganonyorwa ichi, kurwisana pakati romanticism uye realism anoratidzwa muchimiro wandei kunetsana upenyu Russian. Sezvaari zita munyori vachera muverengi afunge hwokufananidzira muitiro, zvinoratidzwa zvakasikwa.

World rwokuparidza

Muna 1852 Goncharova rombo rakanaka kuti munyori kushumira mutevedzeri Admiral Putyatin. Saka munyori akaenda kufamba munyika pamusoro frigate "Pallada". Putyatin akarayirwa kuti aongorore nezvinhu Russian mu America (Alaska) uye kumisa zvokutengeserana uye enyika ukama Japan. Ivan Aleksandrovich akanga atova kutarisira muzvizhinji zvakaitika kuti kuchaita basa rake. Goncharov "zillion kutambudzwa" kachiri chaizvo, kubva pamazuva okutanga aidzidza hwakadzama dhayari. manotsi Ndivo hwaro ake kukasaitwa rinonzi "Frigate" Pallada "." Akasvika 1855, apo munyori kuSt Petersburg, uye yakagamuchirwa zvakanaka nevaverengi.

Asi sezvo Ivan Aleksandrovich akashanda ari aongororwe Muushumiri rezveMari, akanga ari munhu netsa chinzvimbo. The mberi sectors munzanga muhofisi yake haana kugamuchira. Ndichitambudza akasununguka pfungwa uye mumiririri vaivengwa simba - ndizvo akanga vakawanda Goncharov. The nganonyorwa "Oblomov" iri anenge akanga agadzirira, asi Ivan Aleksandrovich kugona kupedza nokuda kwokushayiwa nguva. Saka akasiya Bazi rezveMari uye zvizere nezvezvandaifanira runyoro basa.

maruva kuti okugadzira zvinhu

"Goncharov nganonyorwa" Oblomov "" - ichi akanyorwa aiva pabutiro zviuru zvakawanda mabhuku akabudiswa muna 1859. Njodzi kutungamirira hunhu chakaziviswa kwete chete sezvo pasocial chakajairika, asi uyewo mhando kunzwisisa ouzivi National chimiro. Munyori akaita kunyorwa kuwanikwa. nganonyorwa iyi akapinda gadzira upenyu nebasa Goncharova se ake zvikuru mabasa. Asi Ivan Aleksandrovich aisada kuramba usimbe, uye patinodziya mushana, patinoravira mukubwinya. Saka, ndakatanga basa iri yokufungidzira itsva - "Open". Basa iri rakanga mwana wake, waakanga amutsa sezvinobvumirwa makore 20.

The wokupedzisira nganonyorwa

Mental kurwara uye kuora mwoyo - kuti aitambura navo okupedzisira oupenyu hwake Goncharov, ane upenyu uye basa vaiva zvibereko chaizvo. "Vhura" - ndicho chokupedzisira chikuru basa munyori. Pashure Ivan Aleksandrovich akapedza pamusoro pake kushanda, akatanga kurarama kunyange zvakaoma. Chokwadi, aida kunyora yokufungidzira itsva, asi kwaari, uye haana atanga. Aigara akanyora hungakanganisika uye zvishoma nezvishoma. Nevamwe kazhinji chema kuti haana nguva zvikuru kunzwisisa kutsanya-inoyerera zviitiko zvoupenyu panguva. Aida nguva Kuziva yavo. All vatatu munyori yokufungidzira vanoratidzwa pre-Reform Russia, raakanga ainzwisisa zvakakwana. Zviitiko anotevera makore Ivan Aleksandrovich akanzwisisa kuipa, uye akanga asingadyi mutsika kana mumuviri simba zvakadzama kudzidza. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye ari kushingaira yakambotora nevamwe vanyori, uye haana kusiya okusika basa.

Iye zvakanyorwa essays akawanda: "Mune kumabvazuva kweSiberia", "Rwendo ichitevedza Volga", "mabhuku Evening" uye vamwe vakawanda. Vamwe vakanga rakabudiswa pashure pokufa kwake. Uyewo kucherechedza dzinoverengeka mabasa ake yakaoma. Heano yokunyora nokudhirowa dzakakurumbira Goncharov "zillion kutambudzwa", "Zviri nani vanonoka pane kumbobvira", "Notes musi Belinsky", etc. Vari zvakasimba huchikanganiswa nemabhuku emabasa Russian paunotsoropodzwa sezvo chaiwo mienzaniso chaiko uye aesthetic pfungwa ..

rufu

Pakutanga September 1891 Goncharov (upenyu uye basa vari muchidimbu zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino) chando. Mazuva matatu gare gare, apo oga, munyori mukuru afa. Ivan Alexandrovich akavigwa St. Nicholas kumakuva of Alexander Nevsky Lavra (pashure mekushanda madota emunyori zvaitambidzwa muna Volkov Cemetery). Mu "Journal of Europe" kamwe obituary akaoneka: ". Kufanana Saltykov, Ostrovsky, Aksakov, sydäntä, Turgenev, Goncharov, kucharamba pamusoro vaitungamirira zvepamusoro mumabhuku edu"