"Izhitsa" - chiratidzo chinobva Old Church kwechiSlavonic arufabheti

Paunoverenga dzekare mabhuku, dzimwe nguva pane mashoko, tsika zvacho zvisingazivikanwi. Mukuwedzera, vakawanda vavo kokutanga imi munzwe. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti mutauro Russian, uyewo chero munyika, simba zvakakwana, nerimwe gore pane mashoko matsva, vamwe vabude kushandiswa. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika neshoko "izhitsa". Shoko iri rinogona kuwanikwa Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya mubasa rake "The zvakaedza sei Ivan Ivanovich vakakavadzana Ivan Nikiforovich".

ukoshi

Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva nezvokuvapo the Old Church kwechiSlavonic arufabheti, waiva wokutanga Cyrillic uye yaiva tsamba 45. Pakutanga zvakanga yakaumbwa muzana remakore rechi9 yokukurukura muTesitamende kwechiSlavonic uye Church kwechiSlavonic mitauro.

Saka, izhitsa - ndiyo tsamba nearufabheti iyi, iyo akazodawo vakararama kuchinja Russian arufabheti. Tinogona kufunga kuti ainzi mucherechedzo akaberekwa nemhaka mumwe - Epsilon, iyo zvino nechiGiriki arufabheti. Izhitsa wakashandiswa "Ini" kureva ano tsamba Russian. Uye dzimwe nguva pane mashoko ari mutauro wechiGiriki.

ratidza

Shoko "izhitsa" akanga akawandisa dzakasiyana chiratidzo. Tsamba iyi hunomirirwa dzakasiyana: zvaiita akafanana "Y" ano, zvakanga zvakafanana mufananidzo 8 pamwe akagura korona. The kusanganiswa ukoshi chacho Old kwechiSlavonic - 400.

Izhitsa kashoma kushandiswa kunyora yekare, sezvo ari 19-20 remakore. Dzimwe nguva iye aifanira "E". Kana rinoshandiswa ne "Haiwa", yakanga chete kukosha tsamba ano "U". Uye pakutanga yaiva wemishonga uye vakaita se "o" kana usina gwanza, "isu" inotumirwa kumusoro "iwe", uye nokudaro kuwana kuti yakakurumbira chiratidzo, akafanana kupetura nhamba 8.

kushandurwa

Izhitsa - iyi tsamba wakamboedza kakawanda kuwanazve, uye ipapo zvakare kuti "kuparadza". Saka muzana remakore rechi14. Zvadaro kwakasarudzwa kudzorera chiratidzo ichi, kana pane ayo kopi Greek - Upsilon. Nepo tsamba anorasikirwa "muswe yakaderera" uye, naizvozvo, zvinova dzakachinjwa. Sezvineiwo, zvapedzisira sarudzo Izhitsa anogona ikozvino kuwanikwa mumabhuku muchechi.

perusal

Izhitsa kururamisa kuverenga panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvakaoma kuona. Zvichienderana akabatana nevamwe zviratidzo nayo yaigona kuverenga se "uye", ", y" uye kunyange "mu." Uyewo pamutemo kuverenga ichi chiratidzo simba nokuvapo unosimudza. Kana chiratidzo chiri pamusoro kunetseka, ndiro nzvanyira "Ini", kana paine chinhu - Saka, maererano "c".

Zvinonzi zvakare kakawanda kuwanikwa, kana kushandisa kendemy diarezisa. zvinhu izvi kuna mutauro wechiGiriki. Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti kunyange zviratidzo vasingagoni kuva yakazvimirira earufabheti zvinhu.

mutauro Russian

In Russian izhitsa - ndiye tsamba, yakauya mushure chechi Russian arufabheti yacho uye arufabheti. Izvi zvakaitika apo Peter I. Maiva mukutanga 1700s. Mambo akatanga nyore kunyora hurongwa, iyo ndikabvisa vamwe earufabheti tsamba risers. Panguva rakachengetedzwa akadzima uye izhitsa.

Pashure vaviri makore, kwakasarudzwa kudzorera chiratidzo ichi. Muna 1735 zvakare "akavigwa". Nechekare makore 23 abvisa zvakare. Mukupera remakore rechi18, takasarudza kukanzura, uye pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 rakadzorerwa kamwe zvakare. Uye kunyange 1857 Izhitsa akaedza zvakare kubvisa mutongo uyu ndakarovha "ne nzeve", sechiratidzo uye saka isingawanzowanikwi. Raishandiswa zvishoma uye zvishoma, dzimwe nguva kunyange akaisa mumabhuraketi, zvichiratidza kushandisa husiri nyore kuwana.

Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, yakanga vakachengeta zvimwe kushingaira kushandiswa Izhitsa, kunyange chete vaviri makore. Muna 1917, pakava chiperengo zvinhu, umo chiratidzo haana kutaurwa. Asi pano pane chitendero kuti ipapo zvachose Izhitsa akabvisa. Kanenge rinoti Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

Kutaura zvazviri, tsamba akanyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma, kana paiva vehurumende arufabheti Peter. Vamwe akazova kudavira kuti pakuonekwa tsamba "Y" kwakabatana chete Izhitsa, kunyange pane kufungidzira kuti chiratidzo "U" - ichi haisi kuenderera "V, V", uye kushandurwa kuti "UK".

vamwe mikana

About shoko "izhitsa" etymological duramazwi Krylov rinoti tsamba Cyrillic nearufabheti, izvo rwaigara 42 fung chinzvimbo. It akambopiwa yaainge kwechiSlavonic arufabheti. The hwaro paumbwe chiratidzo aiva "joko". Zvinonzi aidaviravo kuti hosha afanane joko rine riemukaari chimiro uye runotaurwa neshoko "joko".

Kunze kwokuti Gogol vanotaurwa Izhitsa kutaura pamusoro pezvakaita mumuromo mumwe vacho basa rake, munewo zvirevo. Somuenzaniso, "akarayira Izhitsa" kunoreva chirango tsvimbo.