Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nemirairo yevanhu

Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemunhu pane ionization yemasero ematumbu emuviri wake uye kuonekwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona. Chikamu chechirwere chichatsigira pane zvinhu zvakawanda: kubva munzvimbo yakakanganiswa, kubva pachirwere chemaawa, ichinobva panguva iyo iyi inogamuchirwa.

Ionizing radiation

Apo masimba ane simba akawanda, kana kuti photon, anopfuura nepamuviri, anoumba mapaundi ezvinyorwa zvinopomerwa, zvinonzi ions, mumugwagwa wavo. Nokudaro, ionizing radiation inonzi iine ngozi. Icho chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemazuva ano ine simba guru pane nyaya yeupenyu. Urarame mhuka - idzi masero anoramba achivandudzwa, ichi chinhu chinoshandiswa. Uye nokuda kwake, irradiation ionizing inotanga kuva inorwadza kaviri.

Chikamu chekuparara kwemazizi kunobatanidzwa nekugadzirisa kwemagetsi kumagadziriramu ematokisi, semuenzaniso, ma chromosomes. Mune chikamu - pamwe nekemikemikari nzira dzinoitika nevakasununguka radicals. Sezvo munhu aine 75% mvura, yekutanga mazaiyo emishonga inokonzera masero emvura, kuumba radicals vakasununguka seH OH, HO2, H. Zvadaro, kuitika kweketani kunowanikwa mukusvibiswa kweiyi molecules emapuroteni mamolekemu. Uyezve, pane kushandiswa kwebasa muhutano hwehupenyu hwema cell.

Mumasero izvi zvinotevera kuchinja zvinoitika:

• Kuparadzanisa kwemaitiro uye majekiseni echromosomal ejeri rakakanganiswa zvakakuvadzwa;
• Iko kushandiswa kwesero rekuvandudza nekuparadzaniswa kwakavharwa;
• Nzira yekuwedzera uye kuchinja patsva kwakavharwa.

Chizhinji chezvose, kuitika kwemashoko emagetsi kunokanganisa masero anoramba achivandudzwa emapfupa emapfupa, maronda, zvepabonde, nezvimwewo.

Utachiona hwehutachiona hwakaoma

Nhamba yakakwirira kwazvo yemayirasi ionizing (kanopfuura 600 rad) inotungamirira kukufa nokukurumidza kwemunhu (kana pasina kurapwa kunopiwa). Pane imwe nhamba ye 400-600 rad, vanenge 50% yevanhu vanofa. Utachiona hwehutachiona hwakaoma hunotanga, umo hematopoietic system (red bone marrow) inoputsika uye inofa uye chirwere chekuzvidzivirira kwemuviri chinorega kushanda.

Vhiki yekutanga yehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hahuperi - iyi ndiyo inonzi yakadarika nguva yechirwere. Zvadaro zvinouya kuparara, utachiona hunokundikana, zvirwere zvisingaperi zvinotanga kuwedzera, uye zvirwere zvitsva zvinoonekwa. Inenge nevhiki yechina, kuperevedza ropa kunowedzera, ropa rinorega kudonha, njodzi yekubuda ropa inowedzera.

Nhasi mishonga yemishonga inogona kuponesa vanhu vakagamuchira mukana weionizing radiation kusvika 1000 rad. Pamberi pacho, maitiro ehutachiona emagetsi akadai haana kutenderwa kurapwa. Dhiyabhorosi chirwere chikamu chakanyanya kukundwa. Zviduku zviduku zvinogona kukonzera kuberekwa kweukama uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaipa.

Zvitubu zvemirairo uye mavara emirairo

Munhu anogona kugamuchira dambudziko rinotyisa remhepo kubva kune rimwe remakore raipisa masikati kana kubva munzvimbo yakasvibiswa yezvivako, zvivako, nyika. Izvi zvinonzi kunze kwekudzivirira. Inonzi irradiation inowanikwa apo munhu anopinza chirwere chetachiona chinotapukira (inhalation hazard) kana kudya zvokudya zvakasvibiswa nemvura. Zvinhu zvinokonzera mhepo zvinogona kuitika paganda uye zvipfeko. Mhirizhonga yakadaro inonzi "contact irradiation".

Zviratidzo zvehutachiona zvinogona kukonzera zvinotevera:

• Somatic-stochastic. Izvo zvakaoma kuona uye hazvikwanisi kuratidzwa kwemakumi emakore.
• Somatic. Zvinosanganisa chete munhu anogadziriswa, haazokanganisa vana.
• Genetic. Zviratidzo zvepabonde zvevanhu vakagadziriswa zvinoputsika, izvo zvichabatsira vana vanoonekwa neukwegura hwekuvhiringidzika uye kuchinja.

Dhiyabhorosi inotarirwa kwete chete pamwero, asiwo panguva yekudzivirirwa kwemazuva. Chirwere che 300 rad, chakagamuchirwa mukati memwedzi mishomanana, hachizoitisa kurwere, asi pane imwe nguva chinogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa. Utachiona hwakanyanya hwehutachiona hunogona kukura nehana imwechete ye radhi zana.