Karl Haushofer: Biography, mapikicha, dzidziso, zvikuru mabasa

Famous uye wakashata baba geopolitics German, Karl Haushofer aiva anokosha chirango mutsva uyu, kubvira kwayo yakarongwa inception muna 1924 kusvikira 1945. ukama hwake hurumende yaHitler yakanga mugumisiro mumwe-mativi uye pamwe sizvo tinyatsonzwisisa basa rake uye kutamba basa ravo. Izvi vakakunda zvose post-hondo kumwedzi. Uye chete mumakore gumi adarika, vanyori kwakawanda Zvisinei akakudziridza nemaonero maonero, kwete rehabilitating,, ake kana Yesayenzi.

Karl Haushofer (mufananidzo akurukurwa munyaya) akaberekerwa August 27, 1869 muMunich mu Bavarian mhuri revatongi uye anosanganisa zvesayenzi, mifananidzo uye zvakasikwa matarenda. sekuru vake, Max Haushofer (1811-1866), aiva purofesa nzvimbo panguva Prague Academy of Arts. sekuru vake, Carl of Haushofer (1839-1895), pashure waakanga ainzi, aiva rokupenda, munyori mapepa kwesayenzi, Muzvinadzidzo Mineralogy uye Director of Technical University reMunich.

Karl Haushofer: Biography

Carl aiva chete mwanakomana Max (1840-1907) uye Adelheid (1844-1872) Haushofer. baba vake aiva purofesa zvoupfumi payunivhesiti chete. anotokonya vakadaro vaisagona asi kukanganisa Charles, uyo akanga zvinhu zvakawanda.

Ndapedza chikoro chesekondari muna 1887, iye wechi Muchinda Regent Luitpold pamusoro Bavaria hondo. Karl akava mukuru muna 1889 uye akatarisa hondo sezvinoita nomuedzo mukuru kuremekedzwa kwevanhu uye rudzi.

Zvikuru basa reDare muchato wake August 1896 Martha Mayer-Doss (1877-1946). Vakadzi nesarudzo vakadzidza zvikuru aiva simba zvikuru nyanzvi uye muupenyu hwedu wake. Akakurudzira iye kukwirira zvedzidzo basa uye akamubatsira mubasa rake. Chokwadi chokuti baba vake aiva muJudha, Haushofer zvaizokonzera zvinetso paitonga Nazi.

Muna 1895-1897 gg. Carl akatungamirira dzakatevedzana vachiravana ari Bavarian muchiuto chikoro, achidzidzisa munhoroondo yemazuva ano zvechiuto muna 1894. Zvisinei, nguva pfupi pashure Bhuku kuongorora reuto rinoshamisa, kumutsoropodza mumwe vehondo, muna 1907 pakutanga, Haushofer hwakatamisirwa weboka wechitatu Landau.

Kuenda

Carl akasvetuka pakutanga mukana kutiza kubva ipapo, akabvuma mashoko Bavarian gurukota hondo chinzvimbo muJapan. Kugara East Asia rava kutituma yake basa jogirafi uye geopolitics. Kubva October 19 February 18, 1909, akafamba nomudzimai wake kuburikidza kuCeylon, Burma, India uye Japan. Pano Haushofer akatumwa German Embassy, uye ipapo rechi16 Division muna Kyoto. Akasangana kaviri pamwe Mutsushito mambo, uyo, kufanana nemamwe machinda vemo, akaita simba pfungwa paari. Haushofer kubva Japan akaita-vhiki nhatu rwendo kuKorea uye China. Muna June 1910, akadzokera Munich iri pamusoro Trans-Siberian njanji. Izvi kushanya chete Kunyika kumabvazuva uye musangano pamwe vakakwirira akabatsira rokuumba ake idealized uye pakupedzisira zvisingachashandi maonero pamusoro Japan.

bhuku rokutanga

Kurwarisisa pavaifamba, Haushofer akadzidzisa zvishoma panguva Bavarian Military Academy, vasati kutora vasingabhadharwi anosiya muna 1912-1913. March akafuridzira kuti asike bhuku ravo rokutanga "Dai Nihon. Kuongororwa Great simba Japanese muchiuto munguva yemberi "(1913). In asingasviki 4 mwedzi March zvokutaurira kuti mapeji 400 orugwaro. mushandirapamwe uyu zvibereko chete kuvandudza mune mabhuku tevera.

zvedzidzo basa

Nhanho yokutanga kongiri vachienda zvedzidzo basa Haushofer aiva okutambirwa-gore 44-okuberekwa guru April 1913 University reMunich somudzidzi doctorate pasi Professor Erich of Drygalski. Pashure 7 months, Akagamuchira doctorate mu jogirafi, zvemaumbirwo uye kare, ine chinyorwa yakanzi "The German Kupinda kukura muJapan nenzvimbo uye subyaponskogo nzvimbo. Ake anoita simba hondo uye uto mutemo "(1914).

basa rake rakanga kwedzimwe basa panguva First World War, zvikurukuru pamusoro Western Front, raakanga kupedziswa pachinzvimbo chevatatu weboka wavarwi. Pakarepo paakadzokera Munich muna December 1918, akatanga kushanda pasi aimbova utungamiriri chinyorwa "The chikuru zvataurwa Kugadzirwa nenzvimbo Empire kweJapan" (1919), yakapedzwa muna 4 months. kudzivirira hurukuro vakatevera July 1919 pamusoro Japanese kure negungwa mumakungwa uye nomination mu lecturers (pashure 1921 - imwe honorary rokuremekedza) mu jogirafi. Muna October 1919 Karl Haushofer pazera makore 50 pamudyandigere muna chinzvimbo mikuru vakawanda uye akatanga paboka rake hurukuro yokutanga pamusoro "anthropogeography East Asia."

Kujairirana Hess

Muna 1919 Haushofer akasangana Rudolf Hess uye Oscar Ritter of Niedermeyer. Muna 1920, Hess akava mudzidzi wake uye kudzidza mudzidzi, uye akabatana National Socialist Workers German 'Party. Rudolph akaiswa mujeri pamwe Hitler muna Landsberg pashure akatadza nevapanduki kuedza muna 1924. Haushofer akashanyira mudzidzi wake ipapo 8 nguva uye pachiitiko akasangana yeramangwana Führer. Pashure kuuya simba muna 1933, Hess, mutevedzeri aHitler, vakava vaichengetedza pamusoro geopolitics, ake kuzvidzivirira zano uye mutauri muutongi hweNazi.

Muna 1919, of Niedermayer - doctorate Dryganski, mukuru muuto reGermany uye gare gare purofesa sayenzi nemauto paUniversity Berlin - Haushofer kufarira chitange Germany wokuti kurutivi Japan. Muna 1921, iye akamugombedzera kugadzirira zvakavanzika mushumo pamusoro East munyaya Asian nokuda German Ministry of Defense. Izvi zvakaguma kutora chikamu Carla pakavanda tripartite kwakadzama pakati Germany, Japan, uye Soviet Union muna December 1923, uye kukura kuzivikanwa mune zvematongerwo enyika yeChina sezvo yakanakisisa nyanzvi yokuGermany musi Japan.

Karl Haushofer Geopolitics

Akatanga kubudisa pfungwa dzake kwakaratidzwa pakabudiswa 1924 rinonzi "The Geopolitics zvePacific Ocean." Zvegore, yakatanga kugadzirwa magazini "Geopolitics", uyo mupepeti aiva Karl Haushofer. Huru Mabasa chokuita basa musayendisiti Borders (1927), mugango-pfungwa (1931), uye kuedza kumisa nheyo kudzivirira geopolitics (1932). Asi magazini agara akaramba mudziyo wake huru.

Yaiva mhando vemabhizimisi mhuri, kureva. A. maviri pakuridza synovitis kwake, Albrecht uye Heinz, kunyanya chechipiri, dzave dzichishingaira vechikamu ichi. Vose akagamuchira doctorate muna 1028, akava vadzidzisi 1930, uye pasi Hitler rakazvipira mukuru hurumende namagwatidziro: Albrecht - Bazi Affairs Foreign, uye Heinz - Bazi Agriculture.

Kusvikira muna 1931 Karl Haushofer rakabudiswa "geopolitics" iri pamwe chete vaduku geographers Germanom Lautenzahom Otto Maullem uye Erich Obst. Panguva maruva pepanhau kuti ma1920, vakadhinda wemauto sumo sayenzi "zvinoriumba geopolitical" (1928). Mubhuku rino, hachishandi vaiona geopolitics ose aishanda sayenzi kuhupenyu panguva zvematongerwo enyika, izvo ndehwokuti kuziva maitiro enyika pezvakaitwa maererano yavo nzvimbo wokucheresa enyika Zvaifungidzirwa. Makore matatu gare gare, zvisinei, nokusabvumirana sei magazini yavo "sayenzi" vanofanira kunyatsoongorora kuitika mutemo, kwakatungamirira kuenda pakati vapepeti vaduku. Haushofer ndiye chete mupepeti kubva 1932 kusvikira kugumiswa racho muna 1944

Career kukura

Pashure Hitler akatanga kutonga muna January 1933 Career Geopolitics wayo basa rakatanga kukura nokuda noukama hwepedyo Rudolfom Gessom. Munguva pfupi Zvakatora dzakawanda matanho kuvandudza zvedzidzo ayo hweHIV. Pakutanga, habilitation ake rakachinjwa kuva "Germanism kunze, muganhu kudzivirira uye jogirafi." In July 1933 akumbirwa mumiririri Hitler muna Bavaria Franz Xavier Ritter of Epp, mumwe Haushofer pachikoro uye nehondo, akapiwa zita rokuti neropafadzo, asi kwete nzvimbo uye mari ane muzvinafundo. In zvakafanana, vamiririri siyana paUniversity of Munich uye Bavarian Ministry of Culture nominated naye pambiru Rector of yunivhesiti - danho ratorwa nechinangwa kushandiswa nokuda rworudyi Hitler kudzivirira kupfungwa revaNazi manipulations. Carl Hess akakurudzira kurega kuedza izvi. Ukuwo, Hess waitsigira pokugadzwa weDhipatimendi Defence nokuda Haushofer jogirafi kana geopolitics, asi Bavarian gurukota Culture akaramba naye ichi. Haushofer akaramba ari peripheral nhengo Munich enzvimbo kuzvidzora, kunyange ayo mamiriro yakura zvikuru munzvimbo ziso.

nyika German

Panguva yaitonga vaNazi, achisimudzira mukuru zvinzvimbo masangano matatu muzvirongwa kusimudzira tsika German uye German mhiri kwemakungwa. The Nazi Party, haana kupinda, nekuti pane zvirongwa zvakawanda uye tsika isingagamuchiriki. Mukupesana, akaedza kuridza vangareverera pakati bato uye asiri nebato nhengo, kunyange pasina kubudirira, nokuda kukura kufurirwa nazification nokusanganisira zvematongerwo enyika uye mukurwisana nezvaiva ari mubato uye hurumende mumakore hurumende yevaNazi mangwanani.

Muna 1933 Hess aitarisira dzemadzinza remabasa Germany, iye akasika munhu Board dzemadzinza vokuGermany, ane musoro yakava Haushofer. Council aiva nesimba kuitisa gwara kurutivi madzinza eGermany kunze. Haushofer aiva chikuru basa liaising pamwe Hess nemamwe masangano eNazi. A kunetsana kufarira pamwe bato zviremera kwakakonzera pokufa Board muna 1936

Uyewo muna 1933, Academy vachitya nazification, Haushofer aida kutora kukosha chinzvimbo. Nhengo Academy muna 1925, iye akasarudzwa mutevedzeri womutungamiriri muna 1933 uye mutungamiri muna 1934. Kunyange zvazvo Karl akasiya pambiru nokuda yavairwisana utungamiriri, akaramba nhengo yedare rwomukati somumiririri zvechigarire pakati Hess kusvikira 1941

Wechitatu inokosha sangano, izvo kwenguva yakati yakanga inotungamirirwa musayendisiti, aiva vanhu Union kuti vokuGermany uye tsika German kunze. At kutanga pamusoro Hess, Haushofer akava sachigaro waro muna December 1938 uye akabata chinzvimbo ichi kusvikira September 1942, kuridza basa mufananidzo wakanzi, sezvo aimbova yakazvimirira pamwe akava anoparadzirwa Chestkuva pfungwa huru German Reich.

Ideas uye nedzidziso

weNazi pave nesimba vakasiya chiratidzo basa masayendisiti, kunyange zvakawanda nechimiro kupfuura neizvozvi. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka kwake pfupi monograph "National Socialist pfungwa iri yose sezvazviri" (1933) ndiro dzakatevedzana "New Reich 'Academy kwakatangwa. In wake National Socialism akaratidzwa ari munyika yose kufamba munyika kuvandudzwa, imwe spatial dynamism varombo nzanga, kuti izvo munyori kuverengwa Germany, Italy, uye Japan. Muna 1934 akatevera nevakawanda inoparadzirwa "Contemporary World Politics" (1934) - munhu gaya mukurumbira kare rakabudiswa pfungwa inotsigira zvinotaurwa yeNazi wokumwe mutemo, kuti kusvikira 1938 inenge rakaenderana zvinotarisirwa Haushofer. Pakati zhinji mabhuku Japan, Central Europe uye International Affairs, kudhindwa pashure 1933, "makungwa uye nyika masimba" (1937) wakapata basa rinokosha. Rakanga vakabatana geopolitical dzidziso Karl Haushofer, maererano iro simba pagungwa simba hwatakazvarwa.

Rapid kurasikirwa simba uye kukura nokukangaidzika muoti unhu pemakore ake, geopolitics rokubuda yake kubva yunivhesiti. Mugore iroro akanga anyadzisa uye akaratidza kusava rezvematongerwe enyika, inorambidza pakadhindwa bhuku "Miganhu" (1927) rechipiri pashure rokuItari hurumende ratidziro maererano dudziro yake urudzi German muSouth Tyrol. Uyezve, pashure kuita mabasa ose chipangamazano panguva Munich Conference muna September 1938, izvo zvakazoita kuti annexation iri Sudetenland, Carl akabvuma kuti zano rake Hitler varegedze mamwe kuwedzera akasiya vasina akavatarisa panzvimbo mudzvanyiriri kuti mukutsvaga hondo yenyika.

Dzidziso Continental misa Karla Hauskhofera akava mumwe pfungwa dzaro dzinonyanya kukosha. Zvakange inobva chibvumirano pakati Berlin, Moscow uye Tokyo. Basa rakatangwa kubva August 1939 kusvika December 1940, kusvikira akavigwa Germany hondo pamwe USSR. Fungidziro pamusoro remangwana pavanotaurirana pakati zvomumvura uye Continental dzine.

Karl Haushofer - munyori dzidziso Continental misa - achitsoropodza uye kwazvo noruvengo kuPoland, izvo zvakazoita rutsigiro kwake Molotov-Ribbentrop chibvumirano nechido, kubvisa nyika.

tsaona

Kubvira pakupera 1940, uye Karl Albrecht, pamwe Hess havawanzoiti mukana norugare Britain. Yakaguma kutiza Hess kuna Scotland May 10, 1941, apo akatarisira kutyisidzira, unenge usisina kutombofanana zano rugare wakavhomorwa chimuka Albrecht. Somugumisiro, Haushofer vakanga varasikirwa kwete chete mudziviriri yake, kuti zvaikosha, kufunga vechiJudha kwakabva Marita, asi makamutswawo kufungirana uye vainyatsotarisirwa. Carl Vakabvunzurudzwa nemapurisa epachivande, uye Albrecht akagumisa kuti 8 kwemavhiki. Vakatevera Haushofer hanya kubva zvose enyika kubatikana zvinzvimbo kuzviidza zvavakatemerwa voga kubva September 1942 panzvimbo Bavarian Manor. Ake ezvinhu akawedzera kuipa pashure chigaro kuedza musi Hitler July 20, 1944, sezvo Albrecht muchirongwa racho, iro naro akarongeka. Charles akaisa nokuti 4 kwemavhiki muna Dachau navanakomana vake takasungwa muBerlin. Ikoko Albrecht vakaurayirwa chigaro SS April 23, 1945 Heinz akapona hondo uye akava mukurumbira agronomist uye mutarisiri zvakachengetedzwa mhuri.

Pashure pehondo, US vaitarira Haushofer akabvunza nezvebasa rake uye zvematongerwo enyika, asi haana kwezva kuti ndiitewo rokuNuremberg Miedzo, sezvo zvakanga zvakaoma basa rake kuratidza yehondo. Akamanikidzwa kusika gwaro zvaifanira kuponesa zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi kubva geopolitics German. Mushure basa rakanyorwa pfupi "Kudzivirirwa geopolitics German" (1946), umo pasisina anotsanangura uye anoruramisa pamabasa ake pane ruregerero kwavari, 10 musi March 1946, Karl Haushofer wake vakazviuraya.