Kubva chii nyore Organic yeimwe vanoumba mapuroteni? Marongerwo uye zvivako mitambo

Mapuroteni basa rinokosha mumuviri womunhu. zvinogadzirwa kubva iyo, chii nechivako kwavo uye zvivako, verenga nyaya.

General ruzivo pamusoro mapuroteni vavo kupatsanura

Meaning of mapuroteni kuzivikanwa negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore. Masayendisiti akapiwa zita zvinhu izvi, "mapuroteni", iro rinoreva "pakutanga, mukuru." The nemakemikari kuti kuitika puroteni, ndivo chinokosha. Vanoumba hwaro kusika masero matsva.

Nokuda kunzwisisa maumbirwo mapuroteni mamorekuru uye vakawanda mashandiro anoitwa musayendisiti zvakaoma chaizvo kuti pave chete kupatsanura. Saka, zivo pamusoro mapuroteni Classified maererano akawanda zvinodiwa:

1. Sezvamunoita kwemakemikari zvinhu mapuroteni inogona nyore kana kunzwisisa. Chii inoitwa nyore uye kunzwisisa mapuroteni? Sechivako wokutanga unosanganisira amino acids chete. The mapuroteni yakaoma anowedzerwa kwavari non-mapuroteni yeimwe.
2. By functionality mapuroteni, makemikari yeimwe, zvisingapindirani makirasi akawanda:

• CATALYTIC mapuroteni - makemikari kuti aite basa iri kumhanyisa nemakemikari. Pasina dzavo nekupinda hazvibviri muinonzi kwetunhu uye kuora.

• Transport mapuroteni vasunge mahormone, mafuta acids nezvimwe yeimwe ose Organic uye inorganic mavambo zhinji. Pashure kupinda muropa uye vakatakudzwa nharaunda muviri mavakanga inodiwa. mapuroteni izvi vanoshingaira kutakura zvinhu kuburikidza nokushandisa zvipenyu membranes, shuga, lipids, amino acids uye ions.
• Mapuroteni riite kutsigira basa. With dzavo nekupinda kuumbwa cellular marangwanda. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa: collagen, anoita mashandiro unobatanidza rinenge nezvipikiri uye bvudzi puroteni elastin nezvimwe masero vascular. Rakabatanidzwa lipids dzinomirira STRUCTURAL hwaro membrane.
• Kudzivirira basa kwemapurotini. Antibodies (immunoglobulins) -bhainda inobatwa mumuviri pathogenic tupukanana tusingaoneki, uye ipapo neutralize simba ravo pamusoro womunhu. Pasina kunobatanidza thrombin uye fibrinogen hazvibviri muitiro ropa pakugwamba.
• Pamutemo basa - mapuroteni anoramba zvinoitika basa nhengo, nhengo, masero uye zvose pezvakaitwa kuitika mumuviri.
• Mapuroteni rangana tsandanyama masero kukwanisa ndizvipete, saka motokari unotii. Uchishandisa Kanotokonya mapuroteni ari muviri masero kuona mashoko kubva zvakatipoteredza, budisa jitters.

Ndezvipi mapuroteni?

Izvi macromolecular Organic akakura sezvamunoita. Chii inoitwa mapuroteni? In kuvakwa kwavo kwaisanganisirawo maviri mhando amino asidhi residues izvo zvakabatana muna dzinotevedzana yokuumba ngetani urefu huru. Vasati tsvakurudzo puroteni inonzi fuma shiri mazai coagulates apo pakutsamwisana nokuumba ane insoluble guru chena.

Gare gare vakagamuchira zita zvinhu zvakawanda zviri chirimwa kana mhuka mavambo, kuva ehupfumi zvakafanana. Number kwemapurotini mune zvose zvipenyu kwakapararira pamusoro dzimwe yeimwe. Yavo yakaoma kurema inopfuura hafu yose mapuroteni vakawanda.

Anofungidzirwa, zvakasikwa pane kusvika makumi emabhiriyoni yeimwe izvi, mumwe kugadza. Somuenzaniso: Utachiona Escherichia coli coli rine mhando zviuru zvitatu zvakasiyana kwemapurotini. For mapuroteni zvinosanganisira makemikari kuti chikamu muchirongwa nemakemikari zvinoitika mumasero.

The Zvinoumba mapuroteni

Mapuroteni - Polymers aperiodic murayiro. Kubva chii nyore Organic yeimwe vanoumba mapuroteni? monomers dzavo marudzi maviri amino acids. Zvichienderana nezvaanogona synthesized mumuviri amino acids dzinokosha uye zvisingakoshi. Chokutanga anokwanisa kuti synthesized, uye wechipiri - kwete, kupfuura, kuvapo kwavo mumuviri nokuda yaunodya zvokudya.

Kubva chii nyore Organic yeimwe vanoumba mapuroteni? By amino iine acid sezvamunoita uye kutsaura mukuru-mugiredhi chakaremara mapurotini. Boka rokutanga kunoratidzwa rine zvose amino acids, uye wechipiri - nokusavapo vamwe vavo.

Mapuroteni kuti ane amino acids chete dzinonzi nyore. Kana, kunze amino acids, pane dzimwe zvinoriumba - kwakaoma. Vanogona kuva nesimbi, makabhohaidhiretsi, lipids, nucleic acid.

nyore mapuroteni

Kubva chii nyore Organic yeimwe vanoumba mapuroteni? sezvamunoita yavo, ona pazasi. Mapurotini anonzi mapurotini. The maitiro ehupfumi akakamurwa inotevera mapoka:

• Sealbumin - anokwanisa mudutu mvura, coagulate kana pakutsamwisana hakuiti precipitate mhinduro kubva munyu siyana.
• Globulins - regai mudutu nemvura, asi chete pasi yevasungwa munyu mhinduro.

• Histones - mapuroteni ndiwo hunhu huru dziri nucleoprotein. The nzvimbo leukocytes ropa uye mabhora.
• Protamine - zvinosanganisira pasina nesarufa. The zvakasimba inokosha ehupfumi kuoneka. Sechikamu puroteni - nucleoproteins. Ivo akapfuma dzisingaoneki hove.
• Prolamins - nyore soluble doro. Ivo ane bota. Prolamins gliadin ndiye mumiririri - chikuru chezvinonhuwira gluten.
• Scleroproteins kukwanisa kwete nyunguduka. Huri rokunze pabutiro mitumbi yemhuka, kuti marangwanda uye connective munyama. Inomiririrwa collagen, puroteni fibroin, elastin.

Kubva chii nyore Organic yeimwe vanoumba mapuroteni? Zvinosanganisira rakasiyana-siyana amino acids uye mapuroteni wavo ane makumi maviri.

Ndezvipi mabasa mapuroteni?

Organic yeimwe (mapuroteni) mabasa akawanda mabasa:

• Zvinopa metabolic uye pamutemo kwendangariro.
• Kuita mapuroteni wakurukura kupinda ropa, iro rinopa zvakafanira zvinhu nhengo dzose.
• Form tsandanyama fibers.
• Ndivo hwaro pfupa uye connective tishu.
• Chengetedza kugaya, simba muviri.
• Pehurumende magene zviito.
• Dzivirira muviri, kuwedzera kutapata.

makabhohaidhiretsi

Izvi Organic remubatanidzwa rwokuzvarwa mavambo, vakaraira muviri pamwe simba. Vari chaizvo kupararira zvakasikwa. chikamu kwavo miti iri makumi manomwe kusvika masere muzana zvachose uremu nezvishoma vari mhuka - maviri chete. The Kuronga carbohydrate chikamu carbonyl boka duku chikamu hydroxyl. yeimwe ava chikamu masero uye nyama mumuviri. Ndezvipi makemikari anonzi makabhohaidhiretsi? The carbohydrate sezvamunoita zvinosanganisira okisijeni, rehydrogen, carbon. Kunyange zvazvo nomukaka neyokupedzisira vari kuzivikanwa kwavo zviri zvimwe zvinhu, senitrogen Somuenzaniso.

Makabhohaidhiretsi - chibereko photosynthesis. Pasina navo zvisingabviri biosynthesis mune miti, sezvo ndivo achitanga mashoko izvi. Makabhohaidhiretsi, sezvo boka Organic yeimwe kuratidza siyana. basa ravo chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinhu.

makabhohaidhiretsi basa

Organic yeimwe vane zvinotevera mabasa:

• продукты окисления соединений (глюкоза, гликоген, крахмал) поступают в клетки, заряжая их энергией. Energy - oxidation zvibereko yeimwe (shuga, glycogen, starch) kupinda masero nokupomera simba ravo. Anenge makumi matanhatu muzana simba vaparadzwa iri zvaizopedza nokuda makabhohaidhiretsi, izvo nezvizhinji mumasero ayo ropa. Energy iri akapa kuuropi, nani mabasa ayo.
• Plastic basa - kubatana zviri chinokosha zvivako zvakawanda panguva cellular vanochiva dzine zvose mumasero omuviri: chaivo membranes, organelles nemasero. Avo rubatsiro fomu makemikari nezvimwe nucleoproteins.
• Unodzivirira basa - akasunungura madzihwa mumasero anoshanda kudzivirira masvingo dzakawanda dzakasiyana nhengo dzose zvisingadiwi migumisiro yomukati: zvemaziso, makemikari, utachiona. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza refu zviri makabhohaidhiretsi mune viscous secretions.
• Pamutemo basa - makabhohaidhiretsi chengetedza motility, kubva pakushandisa faibha wayo zvinonyadzisa maumbirwo zvinoshatirisa mucosa ari zvomudumbu turakiti.
• Dzakananga basa - makabhohaidhiretsi zvakasiyana. Vamwe vavo zvibereko antibodies, boka ropa specificity inopiwa, zvakaita kuitisa tsinga nomunhu.