Kujairika dzinongoitika chaiyo - permafrost

Domestic mvura havasi chete kuunganidza nemvura asi zvakasimba unyoro. mvura Hard unoumba gomo, nechifukidzo uye pachivande mazitombo echando. Nzvimbo muchivande chando kuwanda ainzi permafrost 1955 Shvetsov - Soviet permafrost. nzvimbo iyi ine nevakawanda zita - the permafrost.

Permafrost chinhu chapamusoro pamusoro cortex. Matombo ari ichi pamwero wakasiyana yakaderera tembiricha. rukoko Izvi zvaisanganisira permafrost, matombo, uye chando-horizons anokosha pasi.

Kana refu zvikuru chando pane dziya duku kukwanisa kufukidza pane nouchapupu kurasikirwa kupisa kubva padombo. Panyaya iyi, pane nechando ane rebei kudzika. Zvinoguma guru yakasimba mvura. Muchirimo, permafrost haana nguva nyungudika zvachose. Ivhu anoramba ane tembiricha kunaka, saka pane munhu wandei kudzika, uye kwemazana uye kunyange zviuru zvemakore. Russian permafrost akaumba pasi mamwe zvaiitwa hombe matura chando. Vanounganidza munzvimbo dzine pasi avhareji tembiricha.

Kwenguva refu yakaderera kutonhora matombo neimwe nzira "atadze" nounyoro. Permafrost zvinosanganisira pevhu chando accumulations kuti mwando Anoumba wedges, lenses, mitaro, nezvisungo chando. Permafrost ingasanganisira uwandu chando zvakasiyana. Chakarurama "iciness" ingabva 1-3 kusvika 90%. Kazhinji, pane chando munzvimbo gomo. Panguva iyo permafrost mumapani ane kumusoro chando kugutsikana.

Permafrost iri rakasiyana nemamwe kutanga. Permafrost vatsvakurudzi aifarira remakore rechi17. Pakutanga muzana remakore rechi18 pamusoro Chiitiko anotaurwa mabasa ake Tatishchev, uye chidzidzo chokutanga kuitwa pakati pezana remakore rechi19 Middendorf. Last akaziva mubhedha tembiricha akayera dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, akaisa mukati kuchamhembe zvikamu simba raro, uye vaifunga pamusoro kwakabva uye zvinhu zvakakwana zvakapararira permafrost wongoramba. Sezvo yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 kwezana remakore rechi20 vakatanga kuitwa pokutsvakurudza pavanoparidza ubanguranyika nemabasa pakuchera mainjiniya uye Vanodzidza.

MuRussia, permafrost rakawedzera kunzvimbo dzinenge mamiriyoni gumi nerimwe mativi makiromita. Zviri pamusoro makumi matanhatu nemashanu-muzana nharaunda yose mamiriro.

Permafrost kurambidzwa kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvika Kola Peninsula. Kubva chinokosha handicho kuburikidza East European mubani kwete kure kweArctic Circle. Zvadaro, muna Urals ari kutsaudzira kumaodzanyemba zvinenge kusvika makumi matanhatu madhigirii kuchamhembe Latitude. Pamwe Ob permafrost kunosvika muromo North Sosva zvino ichipfuura Siberian anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri (wokumaodzanyemba dzakatenuka) kuti Yenissey muna pamaware Tunguska. Panguva iyi muganhu anochinja zvikuru nehasha zasi, izvozvo riri pedyo Yenisei River, akateverwa nemitenusirwa ari Altai, vokuTuva, kuWestern Sayan nomuganhu Kazakhstan.