Matombo. Kupatsanura.

Education, zvinosanganisira mamineral yomuka mukati kana panyika, pasi zvimwe zvirwere Geological vanonzi "matombo". Ivo akaumba bhiriyoni 4,6. Makore akapfuura uye vane ezvirevo zvakasiyana uye mavara.

In kwayakatangira matombo rakakamurwa mhando nhatu: sedimentary, igneous uye metamorphic.

Boka zvicherwa rokutanga achiumbwa pasi pose goko. Kunobereka yakadaro inoumbwa kuunganidza sediments panyika uye mumvura miviri uye kwavakazoita sedimentation pasi pokudzora regiravhiti. Zvichienderana nzira dzidzo, izvo akakamurwa:

• Chemical matombo. Ichi boka zvicherwa aumba kubva aqueous zvinogadzirisa nezvinovaka muviri, uyewo mhuka uye chirimwa residues vaunganidza pamusoro pasi munyanza, madhamu uye makungwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira yavaibvisa uye potassium munyu, rakachengetedzwa pasi miviri mvura, silica, riri zvitubu zvemvura inopisa, uyewo Tourism (mafuta, gasi, marasha), phosphates uye reraimu (goko dombo, choko uye vamwe.). zvicherwa zvakawanda boka iri vane layered unaku.

• Clastic. Akaumba somugumisiro weathering kana uchifamba zvikamu the rocks mhepo kana rechando mvura uye kwavakazoita kuwanda. Somugumisiro, vanonyatsokurukura vanonetseka uye ipazwe. Maererano ayo ukuru kune diki, unosvikirwa, uye dombo zvinonyadzisa. zvicherwa izvi zvinosanganisira hurungudo, mavhu, jecha, mavhu, ivhu.

Igneous matombo zvinobva crystallization of yakanyungudutswa fuma iri pakadzika Earth - magma. Vanoumba zvinopfuura 65% of zvachose Vhoriyamu goko paNyika uye ndivo rakajairika zvicherwa.

Magma ari silicate sezvamunoita, munhu zvine mvura mhute uye magasi uye zvakanyunguduka kusvika 1,200 inegumi. Totaura pamusoro chete pasi pokudzora siyana Geological zvinhu, iyo inotonhodza, crystallizes nokuumba dombo, akadai basalt, girenayiti, olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles.

Magmatic zvicherwa rakakamurwa intrusive uye effusive.

• Intrusive matombo inoiswa pasi panguva kudzika kudzika. Vane crystallization zvakanaka uye, zvichienderana geometry uye chimiro, dziya mu batholiths (vane hukuru guru), dykes (kuva tubular marongerwo uye kuumbwa nokuzadza makatsemuka), musimboti (dzakatetepa uye refu pakureba).
• The effusive idzodzo simuka apo exiting magma kunze uye neraskristallizovannogo anoumbwa kuputika rinoonekera. Pakati matombo ichi mhando Munokudzwa mihoro basalt rwenze uye dhaka sinters.

Zvichienderana kudzama panguva iyo magma kunoitika, pane mapoka matatu igneous pamatombo:

• Plutonic - vari achiumbwa yepazasi mugove goko paNyika (zvishomanana kana zvachose). Nokuti ichi mhando zvicherwa zvinosanganisira girenayiti.
• Volcanic - akaumba pamusoro pemvura. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvicherwa akadai andesite.
• Hypabyssal - kuitika apo magma achizadza makatsemuka iri huripo matombo. boka iri zvinogona kunzi pegmatites.

Metamorphic matombo. Izvi mhando zvicherwa inomiririra igneous kana sedimentary zvicherwa iyo, ari mukati pasi, vanosangana kuchinja. Kuchinja Nemhaka tembiricha musiyano, kumanikidzwa kana makemikari mukukurukurirana kukonzera chitarisiko itsva unaku uye maumbirwo mabwe pasina kukanganisa kwaro makemikari anoumba. Somugumisiro, mumwe pasina chicherwa uchanyangadika uye kuparadzwa vagotendeuka mumwe kupfuura zvikukutu uye nemishonga. Somuenzaniso, reraimu iri dzikwanise machena uye girenayiti mu gneiss, sandstone uye Goldstone.

Saka, pamatombo metamorphic, sedimentary uye igneous mavambo chete vanoumba pakukora yacho goko. zvicherwa Ava kwainyanya zvicherwa anoshandiswa murume zvinhu kugadzirwa.