Muviri

Pfungwa iyi wakatangwa kune dzidziso biosphere musayendisiti mukuru Vernadsky. Zvokudya Vernadsky - "imwe fuma zvinoberekwa upenyu, pamwechete simba kupfuura zvinogona simba." Raiva pamusoro bhitumini, mafuta, reraimu, marasha, etc.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, tudonhwe makemikari nyaya uye zvokudya ikoko. Mienzaniso - shinda, mazino akadonha nyanga akadonha shiri minhenga, mashizha, michero uye pollens, makwande omuti kana miti rawa, mhuka tsvina. Kuna inotonhorera inorondedzera maparera, eggshell, bile (renal) mabwe, mukaka, nekita, padandemutande, sirika. The mazita ari hazviperi.

Non-biogenic fuma zvinogonawo kuumbwa kuburikidza zvipenyu, asi, mukusiyana kuti inotonhorera zvikuru kusagadzikana mune biosphere sezvo zvinoshingaira zvishandiswezve mune nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu.

Zvikurukuru chaiwo muitiro kuti makemikari yeimwe. Chete duku chikamu dzisiri biogenic zvinhu kuva zvisaririra, uchifamba polibiogennye zvinhu. Sedimentary matombo redu dzakaumbwa kare Geological epochs. By polibiogennym zvinhu zviri emadhaka zvinogona Somuenzaniso, vanosanganisira detritus (miriwo), dzasara zvipenyu (tinoti mummified), coprolites, rinopenya, mikrobiogennye zvicherwa (hydroxides simbi, sulfides, carbonates, etc.).

Mountain Earth matombo kusikwa, kunyanya nokuda zvipenyu. Chete carbonate matombo (dolomite, reraimu, choko) ndiwo mugumisiro plankton basa uye pasi mafirimu kure negungwa mvura uye nyanza.

Koprolitovye limestones vari kuonekwa biogenic. Izvi zvakare dombo iyo kutanga mashoko achiumba mutsvina yadzo akava madhaka-pavanokarira kuti zvakachinja madota yl.

Species silica (Goldstone, hiakindi, chalcedony) vanoumbwa zvikurukuru pamusoro skeletal zvakasara "nesilicon" Utachiona - diatom algae (diatoms) Radiolarian, sechipanji, silikoflagellat.

Asi Computer (caustobioliths) - sedimentary matombo uye vanoonekwa ne yakakwirira kuwanda zvinovaka muviri pamberi pedu. Caustobiolites akaumba pasi pokudzora vamwe simba mashandiro-siyana zvipenyu.

Zvikurukuru Organic non-biogenic fuma iri kuzviita vaunganidza zvikamu Makungwa marshes, magetsi ari biosphere. Somuenzaniso, anenge 60 munyika yedu% of peat matura volume munyika. Uye ichi imhaka yakananga nzvimbo uye Chokwadi, mamiriro okunze.

Continental mvura uye makungwa kuunganidza zvasara plankton uye benthic zvinenge vakasununguka-zvinoyangarara, sapropel (silt deposits nemvura yakachena), mhuka excrements. Nenzira, chikamu ichi muitiro, unogona kunyange tarisai musha aquariums.

Marasha, uyewo kwayo, rinoumbwa peat, asi kare kare. Oil shales vari aumba kubva sapropel. Pano, imwe makemikari fuma dzaimiririrwa phytoplankton (residues). Asi pane PAMATOMBO "polugoryuchie" - in sezvamunoita ravo rine zvasara zooplankton uye zoobenthos.

Zvinovaka muviri uye akava kukonzera "ndarama dema" - mafuta. "Vabereki" mafuta - zvisaririra zviri kare kutaurwa planktonic zvinenge.

Species phosphate, manganese uye shwanu - sedimentary, kamari Kuwanda inotonhorera zvinhu.

Kana tikafunga phosphorite deposits, vanopfuura 90% chiri nechepasi sediments yamakungwa, mavambo, sezvo unogona kufungidzira, makemikari. The chikuru ngarurege kubva phosphorus - phytoplankton, iyo saka kazhinji se mvura chomwedzi usiku. Asi phosphorus emadhaka pagungwa paburiro - mutsvina yadzo kuti zooplankton.

Ferruginous manganese kana matombo vanoumba zvipenyu anezvimiti, nyanza, nemakungwa, nyanza. simbi uye manganese wevasungwa iron kunotsamira.

Zvipenyu uye vari alleity (kusanganisira bauxite), munyu, clayey uye clastic matombo.

Asi "simba kupfuura zvinogona simba" akasikwa kwemazana emakore uye zvemakore, kunonoka nokuda zvikamu ane millimeter. Tinopedza simba iri hombe pamwero. On the tarisiro vanofanira kufunga izvozvi, nokuti pamwe nokufamba ruzhinji ndiri mari ndiyo ndakarukutika zvizere pakazopera ichi remakore ...