Krizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich: biography uye zvisikwa

Iye anonzi "kukanganisa kunyanzvi". Uyewo "murume anozivikanwa zvikuru mumakumbo mashoma." Vadzidzi vashoma vemazuva ano vanoziva nezita iri - Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich. Munguva iyi, akaita zvakawanda munzvimbo dzakadai semabhuku, nharaunda, nhoroondo, uzivi uye nheyo yemitambo.

Mhuri uye vechidiki

Yenguva yemagariro yemunhu akaberekwa pedyo neKeze musi waFebruary 11, 1887. Akanga ari muPolish nenyika, Katurike nekutenda kwechitendero. Baba vake Dominik Aleksandrovich, murume weuto; Achinge apedza basa, akasiya nyika pamwe chete nemhuri uye akagara munzvimbo yaamai vemaguta eRussia. Imba yakatengwa nemari yakagoverwa kumusiya.

Dominik Alexandrovich akashanda semunyori wenhoroondo, uye mudzimai wake Fabiana Stanislavovna akazvipira zvachose kuvana. Kunyatsotora kutakura nemimhanzi uye kutamba piyano zvakanaka, akavapa tsika dzakanaka dzedzidzo. Krzyzanowski Sigismund ndiye aiva muduku pane vana, aiva nehanzvadzi vana vakuru.

Mukomana wacho ainamata amai vake, akamubata zvikuru uye akaedza kugara nhaka maitiro ake. Muhuduku hwake iye akatota pamusoro pebasa rekuimba nenziyo uye akatora zvidzidzo zvekuimba. Asi mushure mokupera kwechikoro cheGygm grammar № 4 Ndakapinda yunivhesiti senyanzvi. Vadzidzi vake vakapfuura muKievine mhere-mhere uye yakazara. Murume wechidiki akauya kune dambudziko rekudzidzisa zvakanyanya - mukuwedzera kune ruzivo rwemitemo, akawanawo ruzivo rwezvakaitika kare uye philology, kupinda misangano.

Achiri mudzidzi, Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund anotanga kunyora nhetembo. Uyewo peni yake yenguva iyo ndeyekutora manotsi, zvaanoita kana achifamba munyika dzeEurope.

Basa rekutanga

Mushure mokunge vagamuchira diploma yunivhesiti muna 1913, muchengeti wechidiki anoedza kushanda muhutano hwake uye zvinyorwa mubasa rekupikira mhiko. Asi haisi kuchengetwa munharaunda iyi kwenguva refu. Makore mashanu apfuura, anokanda mitemo uye haadzoke kwaari kupfuura kare. Zvichida chikonzero chei ichi chaiva kuchinja, izvo zvakatungamirira kumhirizhonga uye kusundira mutemo mumakona akare. Kana kuti zvichida Krzyzanowski akanga achingokwezva netsika ...

Chikamu chinotevera chebasa rake raiva basa romudzidzisi. Anotaura kuvadzidzi paConservatory, Theatre Institute uye mamwe masangano ezvidzidzo muKiev, achivataurira pamusoro pehupfungwa hwekugadzira, mimhanzi, mabhuku, nhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvemifananidzo, nezvimwewo. Dzidzo yevadzidzisi vane tarenda inobatsira zvikuru kune vechidiki.

Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund ari kuedza kuzvicherechedza uye semunyori. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvake: nhetembo "Brigantine", nhau "Jacobi uye inonzi" - yakadhindwa mumagazini.

Moscow

Ive jaya reKrzzzzzvsky rakaputirwa nezviitiko zvezviitiko zvinotyisa. Mumwe nemumwe vabereki vake vakafa, zvino hanzvadzi yake yaanoda Elena, uye ipapo hanzvadzi yaive naSigismund yaive neshamwari. Uye izvi zvose kune mamwe makore maviri kana matatu.

Aida kuchinja mamiriro acho ezvinhu, Krizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich, biography Ndiani aive akazara nekufamba, akatamira kuMoscow mugore rechi22. Pano anogara muChechi Theatre, anodzidzisa mu studio yake. Imwe nzvimbo yemitambo ndiyo nzvimbo chete apo Krzhizhanovskiy akakwanisa kuona kutamba kwake pachigamba. Akanzi "Munhu Aiva China". Mutambo wacho unobva mubasa rakakurumbira raGilbert Chesterton. Mimwe miitiro yemutambo wechirangaridzo kusvika padanho, nhamo, haina kusvika.

Mukurumbira uye matambudziko

Mumusoro weU.SR, hero iri munyaya ino yaive ichiita. Akaverenga nhoroondo yake, zvinyorwa uye mamwe mabasa uye akakurumidza kuzivikanwa mumakwikwi emitambo uye vanyori vekuMoscow.

Asi kuparidzirwa kweKrzzzzvskaya zvakabatsirana hazvina kumuunza. Akashanda zvikuru, achiziva kuti pasi pemvura yakanyanyisa yematombo hairi kufamba. Nguva yakanga yakaoma, kuguma ne NEP. Zvose nguva nenguva, Dhigiri Schrott akagogodza pamusuo (munyori neshamwari dzake vakadana nzara). Yakanyanyisa uye yakaratidzika yakatsvuka panguva iyoyo Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich. Mifananidzo yekupedzisira kwema1920 inopupurira hurombo hwomunyori akararama. Asi haana kukanda mapfumo pasi uye akareba kwenguva refu akaedza kuwana zvaaida zvikuru-kunyora.

Miedzo inenge isiri nguva dzose isingabatsiri-yakanga isiri nyore kudhindwa, uye chingwa chaifanira kubudiswa nenzira yakasiyana. Krzhizhanovsky akashanda semupepeti paimba yekudhinda, akanyora magwaro ezvokutengeserana uye kunyange mafirimu akazara, akanyorera hurukuro ye opera ...

"Pushkin" uye "Shakespeare" nguva

Imwe ye "sub-mabasa" yeSigismund Dominikovich ndiyo yekutanga kwemakore ose mubasa rake. Icho mubvunzo wekutsvaga kwemasiteti kune opera "Eugene Onegin" naProkofiev.

Kubata Pushkin, munyori kwenguva yakareba haagoni kuzvibvisa kwaari. Akanyora zvinyorwa zvinyorwa nezvebasa romurongi mukuru weRussia (somuenzaniso, "The Art of the Epigraph (Pushkin)"), akashanda "Duramazwi reEpigraphs," nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Uye paEricator yemakumi matatu yakauya shanduko yeShakespeare. Mharidzo yakagadzirirwa yekutanga yevhangeri yemabasa akawanikwa akafuridzirwa Krzhizhanovsky kunyora nyaya dzakapiwa kune munyori wekusingaperi "Hamlet".

Nenzira, kusiyana nemabasa ekunyora, kuparidzira kweSigismund Dominovich dzimwe nguva kwakadhindwa. Kunyanya, mumabhuku akadaro se "Soviet art", "Reflective Literary", nezvimwewo.

"Hashayiwa genius"

Iyo yakanyanya "nguva yakawanda" yezvakanaka Krzhizhanovsky - 20-30-ies. Munguva ino, chikamu cheshumba chemabasa chakanyorwa. Aya ndiwo mabhuku mashanu, novellas matanhatu, zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa, mitambo, mabasa munhau uye nheyo yemitambo, nezvimwe chete Zvishoma zvacho zvakabudiswa munguva yeupenyu hwomunyori. Ichokwadi kuti inogona kuverengwa paminwe. Kana iri yedzidziso, chete "Poetics of titles" yakabuda mumabasa ose. Akabuda mubhurocha rakasiyana. Uye nyaya inoti "Kudzoka kwaMunchausen" yakanga yava kugadzirirwa kushandura, asi zvisingatarisirwi munyori akagamuchira kuramba kubva paimba yokudhinda.

Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund, ayo mabhuku akanga asina kubuda kuverenga yakawanda, aifanira kunyora patafura. Heano mamwe acho:

• "Kufamba" Kwakasimba "(1924).
• "Kuunganidza kwemashure" (1925).
• "Club yevaurayi vhesi" (1926).
• "Kuyeuka Kwemangwana" (1929).
• "Elbow Isina Kunakisisa" (1940).

Asi isu hatisi kureva nezvemamwe mafiromaniac! Vanotsoropodza vemazuva ano vanoti munyori ane nyanzvi, achimuenzanisa nemakorikori emakore iwayo - Camus, Kafka, Borges ... Akanyora pamwero weEurope mabhuku ehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20. Mabasa ake akazara mukufungidzira, metatexts, kududzira kwezvesayenzi dzemafungiro evanozivi vepamusoro, nezvimwe. Nechimiro, vazhinji vavo vanogona kuonekwa kune chirevo chepfungwa, uye inyanzvi yemhando ya Krzhizhanovsky mufananidzo.

Akabvunzwa kuti nei vaparidzi vasingateereri vatenzi, vatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa nhasi vanotenda kuti akanga achangopfuura nguva uye yakanga isinganzwisiswi neSoviet system. Uye chii chaisakwanisa kupinda mumugariro wayo, iye aisagona kugamuchira. Sigismund Dominikovich haana kunyora mukutsigira veSoviet, asi akanga asiri wavo. Akange akaita sokuti kunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu, pamusoro payo. Uye izvi zvakazvipa ivo pachavo kukanganwa.

Muna 1939, Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund akava nhengo yeVanyori 'Sangano reU.SR, asi izvi hazvina kumubatsira mukudhinda mabhizinesi.

Krzhizhanovsky's hobbies

Mukuwedzera kune chido chake chemabhuku uye yemitambo, Sigismund Dominovich akava nechimwe chido chakanyanya. Aida kufamba. Kunyange mumakore akawanda ane nzara ndakakwanisa kutiza kune imwe nzvimbo kunyange kwevhiki. Nzendo idzi dzakamubata uye dzakamufuridzira.

Kuenda kunoshanyira nyika itsva, Krzhizhanovsky akanyatsodzidza nhoroondo yayo, geography, tsika, kuti aenzanise nheyo nezvaakaona. Mukufamba, aigara achidzoka, uye akadzoka kumba semunhu mutsva.

Panguva dzekufamba ndakaziva zvakawanda zvevanhu vanofarira uye kunyange vanhu vakakura, pakati pavo, semuenzaniso, Maximilian Voloshin naAlexander Greene, avo vakagamuchira nomufaro munyori muzvinhu zvavo zveCrimean muzhizha.

Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich: hupenyu hwemunyori

Achiri kugara muKiev uye achipa hurukuro kuvadzidzi, vechidiki Sigismund vakasangana nemukadzi akazova shamwari yehupenyu hwake. Zita rake rainzi Anna Gavrilovna Bovshek. Akanga ari mutambikiridzi, akadzidza naStanislavsky. Nenguva isipi mushure mekuda kuziva kwaakazoenda kuMoscow, uye Krzhizhanovsky, sezvinozivikanwa, akazopedzisira atamira kune guru reU.SR. Ikoko, ushamwari hwavo hwakaramba huchienda, zvishoma nezvishoma hukava hukama hwepedyo.

Ichokwadi, Sigismund naAna vakagara vari voga kusvikira mazuva ekupedzisira emunyori. Nokudaro vakaedza kuchengetedza rudo uye vanokoshesa rudo rwavo kubva panzira inoparadza yehupenyu.

Vakatsigirana mumwe mune zvose, vaitungamira zvinyoronyoro, vaifamba pamwechete ... Ukama hwavo hwakanga huzere nekudziya, kuremekedzwa uye ushamwari.

Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu

Kutanga muna 1940, Krzhizhanovsky zvese haana kunyora chero mabasa emifananidzo. Kunyange zvazvo ndakanga ndichiri kushanda zvakawanda. Munguva yehondo, Moscow haina kuenda, tichifunga kuti munyori anofanira kugara apo musoro wake uri. Iyi nguva inosvika kune dzinoverengeka zvinyorwa mumusoro uye hondo.

Ivo, sepakutanga, havana kubudiswa. Pahupenyu, Sigismund Dominikovich yakawana shanduro.

Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake akafukidzirwa nezvirwere zvakakomba. Mune mheyo yake, Anna Bovshek anonyora pamusoro pekunetseka kwepfungwa uye anemia. Chigumisiro chechirwere chacho chakanga chakaipa kune chikamu choropi chakakonzera kukuyeuka. Uye Krzhizhanovsky akanganwa runyora. Aigona kunyora, asi kwete kuverenga. Uye yakanga iri njodzi chaiye kumunhu asina kuzvifungidzira asina mabhuku.

Zvose zvoupenyu zvakapfuura muhurombo uye zvinorwadza. Kuva asingakwanisi zvachose, Sigismund Dominikovich akatamira kumudzimai wake muimba yake duku. Akafa musi waDecember 28, 1950.

The Heritage

Krzhizhanovsky akanga asina vana. Haana kusiya mushure mekunge aine guva, kunyanya kunyatso, nzvimbo yacho haina kuzivikanwa. Asi iyo yekusika nhaka yeunyanzvi inochengetedzwa ... Uye zvose nekuda kwezvaiitwa nemukadzi ane rudo uyo akanyatsotora mashizha, akafukidzwa nerunyoro rwekunyora.

Akanga akaipisisa panguva yekudzvinyirira, kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvepamusha kumba. Asi hapana mumwe wavo akatambura.

Kufanana nemunyori pachake, mudzimai wake haana kumirira kubudiswa kwemabasa. Pakazopera makore makumi masere vaverengi vakaziva munyori anonzi Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich. Kuunganidza Mabasa Yakadhindwa mumabhuku matanhatu muRussia kubvira muna 2001 kusvika muna 2012. Yakanga inosanganisira zvose izvo zvakanyorwa nemunyori: zvose zvakashandurwa, uye zvinoshamisa, uye dzidziso, uye kunyange dzimwe tsamba.

Krizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich, zviitiko zvinonakidza pamusoro pazvo zvinopiwa munyaya ino, waiva munhu asina kujairika. Mienzaniso haina kuifarira, uye nhasi kubwinya kwe "prozevannogo genius" mashoma haigoni kudanwa. Asi avo vanonyatsoda mabhuku nemitambo, ndeyechokwadi kuda.