Kukurukurirana mashoko ari mashoko. Nzira shoko kutaurirana

Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro chii ukama mashoko ari mashoko, chii mhando ivo zviripo, sei akasiyana nomumwe. dingindira iri zvinoda vamwe terminological kunyatsotsanangura.

Zvikurukuru, kuti tinzwisise chii inzira kubatanidza mashoko, unofanira kutanga kusarudza chii rokuti "okuti". Pashure paizvozvo, tinofanira kufamba kusvika mubvunzo kuti chii ukama mashoko ari mashoko. "Chidzidzo" kuramba kwedu hwakadzama kufunga management, Kufambisa uye kubatana uye akapedza zano diki kuti iwe unogona kushandisa, kwete kuti kukanganisa tsanangudzo yavo.

Ona kuti izvi inyaya inokosha zvikuru, nokuti bvunzo iri akateerera zvikuru mubvunzo zviri kubatana mashoko ari mashoko. Edzai ichi mushanduro zvose inosanganisira tsanangudzo pakubhadhara yokukurukurirana.

Tsanangudzo "okuti"

Mutsara - iri kubatana zviviri kana kupfuura mashoko, uye nemitemo yomutauro anoritsanangura mupfungwa kuti inoshanda kuziva imwe chete dissectively pfungwa (chiito, chatingatevedzera chinhu kana chinhu pacharo, uye vamwe.).

Zviri chairema nemarongerwo kuti anoita kukurukura basa (nemamwe mazwi, chiri chikamu) sezvo chikamu mutongo chete.

Nhasi kwakunoitwa kuzivikanwa kuti mashoko vari yeimwe mamwe mashoko anobva ukama kuzviisa pasi, kureva, vanofanira kuva varipo maviri zvinoriumba - tenzi uye muranda nhengo. Vamwe vaongorori vane mitauro maumbirwo zvinosanganisirawo ibatanidzo homogeneous zvikamu mutongo ari oga boka - coordinative zvirevo, asi isu achanamatira chetsika kupatsanura, uye pachinodiwa navo kwedu nekuda kuti kutora nzvimbo kuti utariri kufambisa uye contiguity, kureva kuti, nzira yokukurukurirana mashoko, tiri kuziva, unofanira chinangwa. nhengo kutaura kwakanga kwakabatana kureva kuzviisa pasi ukama.

zvivakamutauro homonymy

Somuenzaniso, mubatanidzwa mashoko "kuriverenga pachangu." Pano pane zvinokonzerwa anonzi girama homonyms. Mutsara uyu unogona kubvunza mibvunzo miviri: "Verenga nezvake?" uye "Verenga chii?". Mukupera zvakadaro, kana tine pfungwa haisi kuverenga zvinonzwika, "ini" kunoshanda dudzirachiito, uye zviri - asingachinji shoko, naizvozvo, zviri yakabatana huru. Kana yechipiri, kana mutengo ndiye "parizvino" zvaanoda mukukurukurirana rinoshandiswa mune imwe nyaya chimiro, ndiko kuti, inotongwa mukuru, uye saka chichagamuchirwa pakushandisa.

Ngatiyeukei kuti mutongo, mashoko anogona kuva chokuita chero kuzviisa pasi kana coordinative chisungo, sezvo pane mhando mbiri kwavari: kuteerera uye basa.

Chii chinonzi basa?

Zvinoumba - mukomboni vasingatungamirirwi nemumwe kuenzana zvinhu, kana syntactically. Izvi zvinogona kuva link iri nyore mutongo homogeneous nhengo (zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvirokwazvo, katsi nembwa), kana zvikamu mutongo (kana kunzwisisa conjunctionless slozhnosochinennogo).

Chii chinonzi kuzviisa pasi?

Kuzviisa Pasi - Link zvakasiyana nemarongerwo zvinhu (zvikamu kunzwisisa mutongo, uyewo munhu mashoko mairi).

In okuti pane omurume kubatana chete pakati zvinokosha zvikamu kutaura. Naizvozvo, kana vakakokwa kuwana mundima iri kufambisa, utariri, kana contiguity, kureva, mukomboni chinhu omurume kubatana inogona pakarepo kubviswa mudenderedzwa kutsvaka kwedu wemishonga nyaya uye Predicate (ndiko kuti, pamitemo yemitauro hwaro pfungwa), mukomboni kutukana uye chezita okuti uye yokusuma mashoko . Ndicho okupedzisira unofanira kubhadhara kutarisirwa chaizvo, nokuti omurume kukurukurirana chimiro mumwe kana mumwe anogona kuva Nhanganyaya vanopa uye zvirevo. Mienzaniso: "Chimwe chinhu chikamupenyera mudenga Pamwe mheni.". Pano, kuti "pamwe" - ane Nhanganyaya shoko. Asi zvakadai semashoko "Ndinofunga" uye "iye akati" - ichi Nhanganyaya vanopa uye mubatanidzwa.

The chibvumirano, contiguity uye kuzvidzora - Ndivo chikuru mhando kuzviisa pasi ukama.

Enzanirana: tsanangudzo

Enzanirana - ukama ichi mashoko ari mashoko, umo wawo chinofananidzwa huru zvaanoda, kureva rinoshandiswa nenzira iyoyo nhamba, munhui uye nyaya, sezvo kuti izvo zvinoreva - a pazita kana zvimwe chikamu rwokutaura zvarinoreva: "Anodiwa vachemi "kana" kwete chero "chinhu" hyphenated ". Kana kushandura pfungwa kuchinja uye kubatsirwa neshoko.

Mashoko api anogona kuva muropa kana kunyengetedzana?

Mashoko acho ari nyore kuwana mubatanidzwa uyu mhando maererano, kana iwe yeuka kuti sezvo omurume shoko (kureva zvaanoda) sevanhu nguva dzose chete kushandura chikamu kutaura: chisazitasingwi possessive (kutaura kwenyu), hama (Nechii), indekisi ( ichi chakashata), Nokuzivikanwa (ose zvinozoitika, zvose zvakanaka), zvisazitasingwi kunaka (angambosvika), isingagari (dzimwe shamwari), adjectives (guva mutoro, zvachose kushayikwa rusununguko unorema), azere chirairo (bushuyu conductive dutu) uyewo ari ordinal nhamba (maviri) uye emazita ndihungu chikumbira, chokuita nhamba uye nyaya neshoko huru (kutoti pazita dzingasiyana-siyana nhamba); akaberekwa sezvo ivo nguva dzose zvakafanana, saka, pahwaro vakabvumirana pamusoro vanga- okuti. Mienzaniso: Chivako chitsva, mai-mudzidzisi.

substantivized mashoko

Of adjectives uye PARTICIPLE kuitawo yakadaro ukama zvinokosha zvikamu pakutaura, sezvo harmonization, kusiyaniswa sezvo vanonzi mashoko substantivized, ndiko kuti, kuna zvokugoverana uye adjectives kuti kare vayambuka kupinda muchikwata che emazita: "Ndizvo zvazvakangoitawo varombo, uye kune zvakanaka." Pfungwa mbiri idzi ( "akaipa" uye "yakanaka") vanoumba chikuru shoko mubatanidzwa, hereinafter akataura kudzora nokuti emazita muchirevo chechinyorwa chino. We bvunza mubvunzo: "rinoreva chii?". Uye mhinduro: ". Uye varombo, uye kune zvakanaka"

mufundisi nhamba

A nyaya inokosha rinoumbwa mitsara mufundisi nhamba. Ndivo kazhinji vachida nemataundi mashandiro anoita mashoko, asi kwete nguva dzose. Somuenzaniso, muna accusative uye nominative kufanana sezviverengo nguva huru nhengo, uye nezvimwe - the omurume. Unogona kuenzanisa inotevera: "pachikoro ndaishandira makore makumi maviri," uye "Ndiri kushanda maawa matanhatu." Tikafunga mashoko "maawa matanhatu," mashoko nhamba "matanhatu" iri genitive kunobva shoko. Unogona kubvunza mubvunzo: "Kusvikira sei maawa akawanda muchiita basa?". Uye mhinduro: "Kusvikira nhanhatu". Okuti "makore makumi maviri" huru shoko iri nhamba "maviri". The mubvunzo zvinotevera: "? Twenty-chii". Uye isu kupindura: "Makore makumi." nyaya iyi - kuzvidzora. The mutauro Russian rinowanzoshandiswa mutsara yakadaro.

Management: Definition

Zvishoma nezvishoma tiri zvinokambaira kusvika inotevera mhando maererano zviviri zvinokosha zvikamu kutaura. Management - kubatana kwakaita mashoko okuti, inozivikanwa pakuti zvaanoda shoko (pazita kana zvimwe chikamu rwokutaura kwayo kushanda: substantivized shoko, mumwe chisazitasingwi, imwe nhamba (kutarisa zvose / kugara / nayo / shamwari)) anoiswa neimwe nyaya fomu ( ane rokuti kana pasina izvozvo), izvo imhaka chikuru nhengo, ayo lexical uye girama zvaanoreva. Saka shoko rinogona kuva pazita, rechiito, chipauro, dudzirachiito, mufundisi nhamba accusative kana nominative, shoko kutsvaka ezvinhu.

Nemamwe mashoko, chinhu chikuru kubva zvaanoda kunoda imwe nyaya siyana.

Cherechedza kuti mune okuti "utariri" wakavamba nepanomboratidza kuti mitsara Russian ino mhando vanoonekwa ne kudzorwa neshoko rimwe chete mumwe.

utariri Features

With ichi yokukurukurirana nemataundi nhengo dzose Pindura mibvunzo oblique zviitiko, "akayeuka nyaya", "rinofanira asunungurwa", "akanga achishumira zuva," "kuratidzwa mumugwagwa" uye vamwe.

Tapota cherechedza kuti zvimwe zvirevo Russian, pasinei zvinokwanisika kuti kubvunza vamwe, kureva Adverbial, mibvunzo (aishumira (apo) uye (pachinhu) pamusoro nzira?) - iri basa nokuti pfungwa Zvireva mwene pamberi pavo.

Saka, chikonzero - nguva dzose chiratidzo chokuti mashoko ichi - utariri, pane contiguity.

Junction: Definition

Ngatichiongororai zvapedzisira mhando yokukurukurirana. Junction - iri kubatana kwakadaro mashoko ari mashoko, umo chiri nemitemo yomutauro, asi kwete lexical (kureva, mukati zvinoreva) vakaratidza nedoro ari pasi mazwi, intonation kwavo hurongwa. Chete chisingaperi zvikamu kutaura angava pedyo: zviri kuitika chokuti, imwe dudzirachiito invariable chipauro (makaki) uye hama simba, mano (vana vakura), mumwe pazita anoita somunhu unapproved chikumbiro (somuenzaniso, mupepanhau "Moscow News"), possessive zvisazitasingwi dzavo, wake, yake. Tichifunga izvi, zviri nyore kuwana ari murugwaro kubatana kwakaita mashoko okuti "contiguity". Pashure pezvose, izwi pacharo kwakanyatsojeka: zvaanoda anotsanangura pazvese, anobatana naye.

Features contiguity

Shoko chikuru anofambidzana akadaro kunogona kuva rechiito, pazita, chipauro, dudzirachiito, PARTICIPLE gerund.

Tinofanira kubhadhara Cherechedzai ukama mashoko pamwe possessive chisazita aro, avo, nekuti ivo, kusafanana marudzi pachavo zvisazitasingwi, homonymous ivo handishanduki, saka kuita chete panyaya iyi, sezvo contiguity. Somuenzaniso: "Mangwana inofanira kunge kurega." Pano "izvozvo" - rudzi pauzima chisazitasingwi "iye" ari genitive nyaya, saka pamberi pedu apa, kubatana zvakanaka. Uye mumwe mutongo - "Maziso aro yebhuruu" - iri possessive chisazitasingwi, riri chisingaperi, saka inobatanidzwa neshoko chikuru kushandisa Junction.

A nyaya chaidzo contiguity

A nyaya inokosha iyi mhando kukurukurirana - iri apo shoko anoshumira zvaanoda kuitika chokuti: "Ini zvinoda kuramba nechitarisiko." In mutongo uyu mashoko "kunodiwa kuita" - kwete chine nomuromo Predicate, nokuti zvinoitwa kuitwa dzakasiyana vanhu (masangano): I zvinoda uye kuita zvichandisvitsa iwe / iye / ivo, uye saizvozvo, saka, mumwe munhu / sangano munyika iyi .. ivo dzinopindirana pane chikamu Predicate.

In zvirevo kunzwisisa Union kutaura - the hama chisazitasingwi "munhu", "chii", "uyo", "sei", "chii", "uyo" ari nzira oblique nyaya (ndiye chikamu rwokutaura nyore chiito sezvo interrogative), uyewo adverbs sezvo, sei, nei, sei, apo, apo, apo, apo - zvinhu zvaanoda ari mitsara nezvirwere zvakasiyana pakukurukurirana.

mutongo

Saka, kuona api chizenga kana kuti mashoko anogona kushandisa inotevera chiriporipocho:

kana kunyengetedzana kiyi shoko nemataundi ane nhatu zvinodiwa - nhamba, munhui uye nyaya;

basa ane chete zvinodiwa - nyaya;

kana abutting hapana kunodiwa.

Kunokubatsira kuyeuka nani ruzivo kwakadaro ukama mashoko ari patafura okuti.