Kunyatsogona chromatics uye coloring. The ruvara vhiri

Zvakavanzika ruvara kare kunetseka vanhu. Kunyange kare raiva nezvaanoreva zvokufananidzira. Color akava hwaro zvinhu zvakawanda yesayenzi. Haana chete uchiumba wefizikisi kana kemisitiri, asi vakavawo zvakakosha uzivi uye nounyanzvi. Nokufamba kwenguva, zivo ruvara kwava vakwanise. Takatanga kubuda sayenzi vanodzidza chiitiko ichi.

pfungwa

Chinhu chokutanga kuti inofanira kutaurwa - zvinokosha ruvara nesayenzi. Ndicho sayenzi ruvara, iro rine systematized mashoko kubva zvidzidzo zvakasiyana: wefizikisi, physiology uye zvepfungwa. nzvimbo idzi vari kudzidza Chiitiko mavara Nekubatanidza migumisiro ine mashoko pauzivi, aesthetics, nhoroondo, mabhuku. Masayendisiti kare kuongororwa sezvo kwetsika chakajairika ruvara.

Asi coloring iri kupfuura zvakadzama kudzidza ruvara dzidziso dzaro kushanda muminda mabasa evanhu akasiyana.

nhoroondo hwaro

Ndosaka sayenzi izvi vane refu akatambudzika vanhu. Chokwadi, zvino kwakange kuchine pfungwa dzakadai se "chromatics" uye "coloring". Kunyange zvakadaro, ruvara wakanamatira ivavo zvikuru mutsika uye kugadzira avanhu.

History tinogona kufungidzira guru dura ruzivo nezvazvo. Naizvozvo, masayendisiti vakasarudza kugoverana nguva yose iyi munzvimbo maitikiro vaviri nguva kusvikira muzana remakore rechi17 uye muzana remakore rechi17 kusvikira nhasi.

achiva

Siyana rwendo kuburikidza munhoroondo ruvara, unofanira kudzokera kuna East yekare. Panguva iyoyo paiva 5 mavara dzinokosha. Dzaifananidzira mana hukuru mirayiridzo uye pakati penyika. China anomira panze inopenya, dzinongoitika uye siyana. Gare gare, zvose zvachinja, uye tsika munyika ino uye kutanga kuona monochrome achromatic kupenda.

Kunyange zvakawanda mazhinji iyi vaiva India uye Ijipiti. Pane vaviri hurongwa vakanga yakati: ternary, yaiva musimboti panguva ruvara (dzvuku, dema uye chena); uye vedichnaya, inobva vedas. Zvapedzisira maitiro akanga kwakawedzera zvoruzivo, saka remhosva tsvuku, inomiririra kumabvazuva chezuva, chena - South mwaranzi, vatema - West mwaranzi, vatema chaizvo - uye mwaranzi asingaoneki of North - Center.

MuIndia, chikuru kukosha anopiwa kugadzira dzoushe. Vatariri pasi pose, uye zvino zvinogona kuonekwa kuti inowanzoshandiswa chena, tsvuku uye nendarama. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo zvakatanga kuwedzera noruvara yeyero uye mutema.

Chitendero ruvara

Western Europe kuMiddle Ages akatarisa zvinokosha ruvara sayenzi nechitendero. Panguva iyoyo takatanga kuoneka vamwe rinoreva kuti akanga asina kare kutora huru. White akauya kufananidzira Kristu, Mwari, ngirozi, dema - the Sheori uye kwaAntikristu. Yellow zvinoreva kuvhenekerwa uye chiito Mutsvene, uye tsvuku - ropa raKristu, moto uye zuva. Blue chinofananidzira denga uye vagari Mwari, uye mutema - chikafu, zvinomera uye kunyika nzira Kristu.

Panguva ino kuMiddle East aine coloristic zvimwechete zvinoitika. Pano simba Islam anogamuchira. Zvikurukuru, mutengo inoramba mavara chete. The chete mitema iri kuva huru uye inomirira mubindu reEdheni.

degeneration

Chromatics uye coloring zvakare wakashandurwa. Pamberi wechipiri Danho panozouya Renaissance. Panguva ino, Leonardo da Vinci inozivisa ayo ruvara zano. Inoitwa 6 dzomutauro dziri michena, zvitsvuku uye zvitema, yellow uye girini. Saka, sainzi iri zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika yazvino pfungwa ruvara.

Newton kuti budiriro

Muzana remakore rechi17 - ndiko kutanga Danho idzva iri rakasiyana. Newton anoshandisa zvakawanda chena ruvara, iro rinoratidza chromatic zvose mavara ari. In sainzi, pane zvakasiyana chaizvo zvakaratidzwa panyaya iyi. Pane nguva dzose inoramba mutsvuku, kuti icho kwakawedzera orenji, uri pano, uye manyoro uye zvitema, asi vakaonawo zvitema, nezvishava navo.

matsva

The remakore rechi19 muEurope zvinotitungamirira naturalism uye impressionism. Wokutanga Style inozivisa izere mutsetse mavara, rinoreva uye pasi, apo wechipiri kunobva chete pamusoro nokupfuuridzirwa mifananidzo. Panguva ino pane kupenda pamwechete zvinokosha ruvara nesayenzi.

Kamwe pane dzidziso Philip Otto Runge, uyo anoparadzira hurongwa pachishandiswa pose. Zvichitevera Equator "pose" akagadzirisa mavara wakachena chepuraimari. Yokumusoro danda anotora ruvara chena, yakaderera - vatema. The zororo nzvimbo inogarwa muvhenganiswa uye maketeni.

Runge maitiro rinowanikwa zvikuru uye ndiyo nzvimbo kuva. Mumwe mativi ari panyika ane "kero" yayo (Longitude uye Latitude), zvinogona saka totsunga ne kukarukureta. Mumakwara masayendisiti vaenda nevamwe vakaedza kuvandudza maitiro uye kuti pave yamunenge chisarudzo: Chevreul, Goltz, Bezold.

chokwadi pedyo

Mazuva ano yaitonga, masayendisiti vakakwanisa kutaura chokwadi uye kuti pave ano ruvara womuenzaniso. Izvi akwanise nokuda zvinhu manyorero nguva. Creators kusika ounyanzvi dzavo, achipa zvikuru ruvara. Nokuti rinogona kutaura maonero avo ounyanzvi. Ruvara anotanga kuwadzana mumhanzi. Anoomesa guru mari mavara, kunyange nyaya shoma palette. Vanhu vakadzidza kusiyanisa kwete chete mavara chikuru, asi matauriro, shading, mbeveve uye zvichingodaro. D.

The ano Pfungwa

Zvinokosha ruvara nesayenzi zvakatungamirira munhu kuti yava nyore rapfuura kuedza masayendisiti. Mushure Runge pose, pane Ostwald dzidziso, umo akaita denderedzwa rine 24 mavara. Zvino denderedzwa, asi akawira kaviri.

Itten musayendisiti akakwanisa kuva akakwana hurongwa. denderedzwa ake ine 12 mavara. Pakutanga, nyika yakaoma zvakakwana, asi unogona kubata nawo. Basic mavara pachine matatu: tsvuku, yellow uye zvitema. Pane rinoumba rechipiri kuti mavara, iyo inogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu nokusanganisa vatatu inokosha: orenji, girini nomutsvuku. Also zvaisanganisira vari rokuti yechitatu-hurongwa uye mavara chinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nokusanganisa inokosha ruvara pamwe ematongerwo rechipiri hurongwa.

Musimboti mugadziriro

The chinhu chikuru unofanira kuziva pamusoro Itten denderedzwa - yatovapo kuti ino yakagadzirirwa kwete chete kune zvakanaka patsanura vose mavara, asiwo sangana navo zvichipindirana. Huru mavara matatu, yero, zvitema uye tsvuku, akarongwa netriangle. Nhamba iri nokudhindwa denderedzwa, pahwaro iyo musayendisiti aiva Hexagon. Zvino isu kuonekwa isosceles zvokuridza, iyo inoiswa chine rechipiri kuti mavara.

Kuti tiwane kodzero mumvuri, zvakakodzera kuchengeta kuenzana zvikuru. Kuti tiwane mutema, unofanira nokubatanidza yeyero yebhuruu. Kuti tiwane orenji, unofanira kutora dzvuku, yellow. Kuti tiwane nezvishava, sanganisa tsvuku uye zvitema.

Sezvambotaurwa, zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvinokosha ruvara nesayenzi. Ruvara vhiri chakaumbwa zvinotevera nheyo. Around Hexagon yedu kuzochera denderedzwa. Kuiganhura vachiita 12 zvakaenzana sectors. Zvino unofanira kuti ukaguta mumasero pamwe chikuru namavara uye yechipiri. Vachamanikidza kunongedzera pamusoro zvokuridza. Empty zvigaro vanofanira zadza yechitatu-hurongwa kwerima guru. Vari, sezvambotaurwa, inotengwa nevanhu nokusanganisa nesekondari mavara.

Somuenzaniso, yellow orenji kusika yeyero-orenji. Blue nezvishava - yebhuruu-Violet, uye zvichingodaro ..

maererano

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kuwanda Itten kwete chete kunobatsira kusika ruvara, asi kunobatsirawo chokubatanidza navo. Zvakafanira kwete chete kune vemifananidzo asiwo vagadziri, fashoni vagadziri, masikirwo vaimbi, mifananidzo, Photographers uye zvichingodaro. D.

Tikafunga mavara zvinogona zvinopindirana, chinoratidza uye uncharacteristic. Kana isu kutora pakatarisana maketeni, vachatarira zvichipindirana. Kana kusarudza ruvara kuti rwugare nemauto kuburikidza nomunhu, wawana chaiwo mubatanidzwa. Uye kana ukasarudza mavara kufanana dziri kurongwa nenzira denderedzwa rimwe pashure pomumwe, ipapo isu tiwane uncharacteristic kubatana. Dzidziso iyi zvinoshandawo nemauto nomwe mavara.

In mudenderedzwa Itten musimboti ichi inoshanda zvakare, asi zvishoma zvakasiyana, sezvo zvakafanira kufunga kuti vakaparara vari 12. Naizvozvo, kuti maviri matauriro kuwirirana, tinofanira kutora matauriro, vari kutarisana nomumwe. Three-ruvara zvinoenderana yakawanikwa kana denderedzwa zvinyore ane equilateral Triangle, aaisitaura nzira yokuenda rectangular kuwirirana, asi isu kupinda rectangle mukati. Kana ukaisa mudenderedzwa square, rukazvidzora Four-anopindirana. Hexagon ndiye anokonzera-ruvara matanhatu mubatanidzwa. Kuwedzera kune izvi zvaramba, pane analoginen zvinoenderana, izvo, kana isu kutora chromatic mavara yellow Hue. Somuenzaniso, saka tinogona kuwana tsvuku, yellow-orenji, orenji, uye tsvuku-Orange.

ehupfumi

Zvinonzwisiswa kuti pane kuchipesana ruvara. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa iyi zvikuru nharo. The ndechokuti kana iwe tora piriviri uye munyoro, tarisa symbiosis achava kwakaoma chaizvo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ari kuedza kudzora mumwe, nokuti chii zvinoitika dissonance. Kunyange zvazvo muenzaniso uyu hazvirevi kuti hazvibviri kuti uchinyatsobatanidzwa chokubatanidza tsvuku uye girini. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kunzwisisa ehupfumi ruvara.

Hue - chine mavara kuti ndiyo chete ruvara chakarondedzera. Saturation - ndiwo mwero dzaisvava. Nenyama - ichi rakada ruvara kuti chena ndiEzekieri. Kupenya - ndiwo mwero napedyo kune dema ruvara.

Uyewo kugoverana chromatic uye achromatic mavara. Boka rechipiri vari chena, vatema uye noruvara pfumbu. Boka rokutanga - vamwe. zvivako izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kugarisana uye kuwirirana mavara. Kana mukaita zvishoma inopenya manyoro uye zvishoma nani, uye tsvuku kuti yakanyarara, nokuda kuwedzera nenyama, izvi zviviri ostensibly incongruous ruvara kuda zvichipindirana sangana.

Meso chevana

Zvinokosha ruvara sayenzi vana kuti kuvakwa muchimiro game, sei, pfungwa, uye zvose kudzidziswa. Naizvozvo, zvinokosha kuyeuka yakakurumbira Mutsara ari spectral mavara: "muvhimi wose anoda kuziva anogarwa Pheasant". Nokuti avo vakura vari kujairana ichi jee upenyu kugura, zvakakodzera kujekesa kuti tsamba yokutanga shoko rimwe nerimwe riri muchirevo ichi zvinoreva zita mavara ari chakarondedzera. Riri pamusoro tsvuku yedu, ipapo orenji, yero, mutema, nezvakarukwa zvitema, indigo uye Violet. Ndivo mavara kuti vari chikamu muraraungu zvakafanana kutevedzana. Saka chinhu chokutanga mwana kuzochera nomuraraungu.

Kana mwana iduku kwazvo uye, chokwadi, haazivi zvinokosha ruvara nesayenzi, zviri nani kuti kutenga coloring mabhuku mienzaniso. Izvi kuitira kuti mwana asingakanganisi kupenda mudenga mashava uye uswa tsvuku. Papera chinguva, muchaona kuti mwana achakwanisa kuona ruvara yavo, asi kutanga zviri nani tsanangurai kuita.

manzwiro

Kwenguva refu masayendisiti akakwanisa kunzwisisa kuti chero mumvuri zvitsigiro ruvara zvinogona kukanganisa munhu manzwiro. Kokutanga akataura pamusoro Goethe muna 1810. Gare gare, masayendisiti akawana kuti psyche kwevanhu inobatanidzwa zvokunze chokwadi, zvinoreva kuti omumwe ruvara kunogona kukanganisa manzwiro.

Danho rinotevera tsvakurudzo iyi yaiva kuwanikwa kuti matauriro ose Akachengetedza vamwe manzwiro. Uyezve, dzidziso iyi rinowanika anenge kubva pakuberekwa. Zviri zvakare kuva pachena kuti pane ruvara code, izvo zvinoreva kuti manzwiro aiita. Somuenzaniso, kusuruvara, kutya, kurukutika, zvose zvinogona kunzi dema kana pfumbu. Asi mufaro, kufarira, nyadzi kana rudo inowanzopiwa chokuita dzvuku tint.

Kuwedzera kune mupfungwa mugumisiro ruvara akanga adzidza pasi yokuora rucherechedzo. It Vakawana kuti excites dzvuku, yellow bracing, mutema kunoderedza kufurirwa, uye zvinofadza rwebhuruu. Uyewo zviri kunobva ehupfumi ruvara. Kana izvi kudzikama yakatsvuka, anogona kuratidza mufaro uye rudo, kana kwasviba uye yakajeka - ropa uye utsinye.

Kunyatsogona chromatics uye coloring - zvikuru kunzwisisa nesayenzi. Vari kuoma kunzwisisa, nekuti zvose pano rakanyatsojeka hama uye kuzviitira. Mumwe munhu anogona kuchinja ruvara nenzira dzakasiyana, dzimwe vanhu uye zvisingachinji kwerima guru. Vamwe Artist ingaita mubatanidzwa ruvara yellow zvinopindirana chaizvo, imwe - chinosemesa uye dzinopesana.