Kunze dehenya hwaro

Human dehenya - pfupa riri puranga, iyo ine nhengo mapfupa maviri navatatu. Ivo vanoita kuti basa rokudzivirira uropi mukukuvara siyana. The dehenya iri chezvinonhuwira pakati skeletal ino uye zvetsandanyama nemapfupa gadziriro. Inoitwa cerebral uye chiso madhipatimendi kuti mabasa chaizvo mabasa. Mumwe Kupesana ane wokunze uye yomukati chawo.

Chii anoumba mujinga dehenya?

Zvinonzi inoumbwa ne orbital uye nasal chikamu frontal pfupa, zvikuru nezviduku mapapiro, ethmoid uye ndiro, mapiramidhi rwepanyama pfupa uye chikuru muviri, kurutivi zvikamu uye zvikamu occipital mapfupa ezasi.

Mujinga dehenya, mufananidzo unogona kuona, ane chimiro chakadaro kuti mapfupa ayo munhu kana majoini vari zvishoma kubatana akaturikidzana kuti shwashwa tishu. Ndivo vakadanwa synchondrosises.

Madhipatimendi uye mawindo

Kunze yeDehenya nechigadziko zvikamu uye ane dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana uye maburi kuburikidza iyo tsinga nemidziyo ropa. Rear Front ndiyo nzvimbo kwokunze occipital akatevedzana. Kubva iye achiuya pasi penyika pamutsipa. Pamberi Makwande muri guru dzikapupurira mutsipa. Kumativi ose ndizvo shoma kune occipital pfupa, uye mberi - the achikanganisa. Hypoglossal tsinga ane condylar dzikapupurira anomuitira pasi urongwa mutsipa, izvo dziri seri fossa akatendeuka kupinda inoratidza chikafu.

Pedyo foramen magnum yeDehenya pangoro, pedyo mberi, riri pharyngeal tubercle, ukuwo mastoid - mugomba pamwe yakakodzera zita, inova goho wemapoka chiso etsinga uye styloid rikurumidze.

The pasi pemvura petrous chikamu ane jugular fossa uye pakazaruka zvakafanana zita. Pfuurai nepakati cranial tsinga. Kubva mujinga ichi dehenya hwomukova kunze kwokunze jugular Vienna. iye ari risati carotid Canal kunze mugomba uye akabvambura - iri pedyo muromo matombo zvikamu.

Pterygoid Canal rinopfuura pamberi pamudzi pterygoid pezvakaitwa uye kunozarura buri. Oval uye spinous nomumakomba ari sphenoid pfupa. The mawindo of nasal mhango rinonzi choanae. Ivo dziri pamberi zvakabvaruka. Between rokunze bwendefa pterygoid kwacho uye nechepasi pemvura guru bapiro iri sphenoid ndiyo infratemporal fossa.

Rwemberi zvikamu pfupa vane makomba zita denga kuti atungamirire kupinda migero. Tine incisors Sero seri nechido buri.

mamiriro

Skull - a mhango inoumbwa zvakasimba unobva mafupa, ayo riri zvinokosha nhengo kuti upenyu hwevanhu: uropi musoro, kutanga dzimwe kufema uye zvomudumbu hurongwa uye pfungwa nenyere. The dehenya kusiyanisa rakatenderera kana denga, uye chawo chiri kwokunze uye dzakawanda. Kunze mujinga yeDehenya achiumbwa pamwechete pasi pamusoro waro - kwouropi uye chiso chako madhipatimendi, izvo rakakamurwa mberi, shure uye pakati.

Nechemberi zvinobva kuna incisors uye unogadzirira rwemberi kuguma mapfupa palatine kuumbwa chinjikira mahwendefa, izvo chokuita pamberi yokumusoro rushaya yakatesvera panyanga dzacho denga, pova mhou mukanwa. In waro nzvimbo aumbwa incisal makomba, umo inotanga channel mbezo. Inotungamirira munzvimbo dzakaderera nendima nasal. The nemamiriro dehenya nechigadziko zvokuti pakati mukanwa mapfupa muhudyu kunosvika, uye palatal mwena: zviduku - achitungamirira chiteshi.

Chikamu pakati inogarwa nzvimbo pakati pedenga uye foramen magnum, ayo mucheto kumberi. Lateral miganhu mhanya achitevedza kwokunze auditory Canal kusvika mastoid muitiro pakati siyana. Kunze dehenya chawo chine maburi maviri, izvo kuzarura kupinda nasal mhango.

Rear Front iri pakati pamberi pamucheto occipital guru mugomba uye rokunze occipital protuberance.

hofisi kumberi

It rinoumbwa aiwanzopiwa wokushanda uye unpaired mapfupa. Hunodzorwa okutanga. Ivo vanomirirwa rokumusoro shaya, nasal, zygomatic, uye palatine lacrimal pfupa, rezasi mhino singi. Second - ethmoid mapfupa nebadza, hyoid pfupa, rezasi shaya. The mapfupa dehenya nechigadziko, iyo hofisi pamberi, vane guru zvazvinoita dzose pfungwa, mashoko kufema uye zvomudumbu nehurongwa.

Simbai dehenya kubvumira nzvimbo izere mhepo. Vane mapfupa unpaired. Uyezve, mhepo chikamu pakupa kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye. in kwakadaro vane achikanganisa, ari frontal, ethmoid, rwepanyama mapfupa uye maxilla.

A rinokosha mumuviri womunhu akatumirwa hyoid pfupa chinhu chakakombama, iri pakati dokeriro ezasi chikamu shaya kunofambidzana mafupa cranial kubudikidza nemarunda uye tsandanyama. With anouya paumbwe muviri uye peya nyanga, pamusoro zvinova styloid rikurumidze.

Okumusoro mapfupa sandara pakati dehenya nechigadziko uye chikwangwani azara pfupa zvinhu. masero ayo pfungwa uye midziyo kuburikidza iyo ropa circulates. Gyrus uye sulcus uropi vari aumba hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka zvimwe dehenya mapfupa.

cranial

Anodzivirira uropi kubvira zvakakanganisika uye zviri zvayo anodzivirira nevamwe. Cranial chiso kumusoro ari vakaparadzana uye ane chimiro romuti ellipse. Inzwi wayo 1500 masendimita rinoumbwa Paarismängud, parietal nezvenyama, mapfupa, uye muMedhia akapiwa -. Occipital, sphenoid uye frontal. Yokupedzisira ine pachikero maviri, uta. Hazvina pneumatic. Pane aumbwa huma uye frontal pazvikomo, izvo yakaumbwa kuburikidza parusvingo nezvigadziko zvadzo, nasal mhango, kuti fossa pazvavovo uye panguva mberi. Tichibatsirwa ari parietal mapfupa zvakaumbwa namaberere, uye achibatsirwa ari occipital - mujinga dehenya, mufananidzo iyo chinopiwa wenyu hanya.

Steam pfupa chinhu chisinganzwisisiki pneumatic rwepanyama chikamu. It anoita paumbwe cranial rakatenderera, izvozvo raitenda kunzwa nhengo. pfupa ichi unoumba chepiramidhi ane tympanic mhango uye nzeve yomukati.

sphenoid

Riri apo mujinga dehenya, huri pakati. Panguva sphenoid muviri anofanira kubviswa pairi urongwa zvakakodzera zita, makuru uye zviduku mapapiro. The muviri une hukawanika nhanhatu kuti mabasa chaizvo mabasa. Izvi kumberi, kumashure, pamusoro, pasi uye mbiri panhivi.

The guru mujinga bapiro ane mawindo kumativi, denderedzwa chimiro uye spinalis. Kune mana bapiro, inonzi epanyama, maxillary, ophthalmic uye uropi. Ivo dziri arterial grooves uye dzegirini. The medial divi bapiro duku ane raiiswa kwacho. The nzvimbo pakati zvikuru nezviduku bapiro inoremekedzwa rokumusoro orbital kutsemuka uku.

occipital pfupa

It rine basilar, lateral mativi uye pachikero. Kana kubatana kwavo achiumbwa ane kuvhura huru inonzi occipital. Rezasi penyika lateral condyle chikamu inopiwa, pamusoro izvo munhu gwara iri sublingual. Shure kwake iri fossa condylar Canal nechepasi.

Nhongonya rokunze pose pachikero ane occipital protuberance. Anoenderera mberi pasi akatevedzana chete zita.

frontal pfupa

Kunze dehenya nechigadziko ane nzvimbo yakakura chikamu padenga uye ane frontal pfupa, zvinosanganisira mhuno, orbital uye frontal chikamu pachikero. The mhino mugove pamberi uye laterally zvishoma latticework rakanga rine, izvo akatsaurwa kuruboshwe nezvakarurama ziso nezvigadziko. Anterior frontal mugove ane pakati mutsetse, izvo zvinoenda nasal nomuzongoza. Nedivi kwayo (chinjikira) ndiro aperture pamusoro frontal sinus yacho dehenya.

Functional zviri dehenya

Sezvo kuoma mhou muviri, asi dehenya rine zvinotevera mabasa:

• Anoita uropi kuchengetedzwa, zvose pfungwa kubva kukuvara.
• mapfupa Cranial hwakabatana dög, chiso uye mutsipa tsandanyama.
• Mubasa kutaura kwacho apo kushandisa pneumatic shaya uye sinuses ruzha anogadzirwa.
• Skull inoita basa rinokosha mune zvomudumbu ino, kureva achishandisa shaya akaita kutsenga nerevane ndeyevanyori dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango.

Mujinga dehenya: paumbwe

A achangoberekwa mapfupa rushaya ndivo sandara, ivo vane kuunganidza hombe yakawanda pfupa balochek pasina sangano riri zvakajeka. Pakati pavo vakasununguka connective tishu. Compact pfupa of peripheral nharaunda chinoshayikwa, izvozvo unotsiva periosteum akapa gobvu rukoko.

Nokufamba kwenguva, muchinjikwa nhengo akabatanidzwa. Anoumba kuramba tsindirana Disc: kutanga kumativi, uye ipapo ari Anterior uye posterior kumatunhu shaya. Kukura mapfupa chiso anokura. Zvikuru muna kukura mapfupa chiso yeDehenya hwaro hune. Anatomy mamiriro avo zvokuti Anterior cranial fossa iri miforo nokuda vazvo kuti kuparadzanisa frontal uye afoot, ichangoburwa uye chaipo pfupa.

Terminates kukura novupenyu 10-11 gore. Naizvozvo frontal pfupa pnevmatiziruetsya uye mapfupa inotungamirwa kunoitika pamusoro rwokunze pamusoro. In vasikana, izvi kusvika makore 13, uye vakomana - kusvika 14. With kukura dehenya nechigadziko zvinoderedza pakona pakati cranial Makomba: mberi neshure. Izvi inotsanangura kuti hunyambiri divi yevanhu munhu akavamba pamusoro chinjikira.

Zviri nemamiriro dehenya: pabonde uye zera

All mapfupa dehenya vanotanga kuva membranous Danho, zvichiteverwa shwashwa uye mapfupa chokupedzisira. mapfupa chiso yokunzvenga pakati Danho racho kukura. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha pamusoro nemamiriro dehenya ane mwana achangoberekwa kuvapo vakasara membranous dehenya - fontanelle, zviri pamberi undovakira uye divi.

On the Anterior nenhova zvinopinda (chikuru) inogona kuchengetwa kuti kufema kufamba, intracranial kumanikidzwa (kana anowedzera fontanelle unozvimba), kupera mvura mumuviri mwana (kana fontanelle rinonyura chirwere).

Rwemberi fontanelle huduku uye inokura nokukurumidza. In renguva izwi achangoberekwa kazhinji vasina lateral fontanelles, izvo zvinowanikwa vana akaberekwa nguva isati yakwana. Asi ivo makore 2-3 upenyu vashoma.

Chechipiri chinhu ndechokuti dzomukati uye chokunze pose dehenya pechingoro ane shwashwa layer izvo akaronga pakati nomumwe zvikamu mapfupa.

Wechitatu chinhu. In vachangoberekwa vacheche, pneumatic sinuses, spines, anorovera, shaya hadzina yakatanga, pasina mazino.

Paumbwe sutures yeDehenya rinouya makore 3-5 upenyu. Yose zvayo apedza muna 25-30 makore kukura.

Skull kusiyaniswa munhurume, asi rinokosha rine. kuchinja Age-chokuita inogona kuratidzirwa rose mujinga dehenya. Anatomy Chimiro yayo zvokuti crests uye chirambe chakapfava mapfupa fuma zvivako vanotanga wokuparadza, mafupa cranial kuva pfava uye nyore. chimiro dehenya dzinosiyana pasi pokudzora zvokuimba nezvazvo.